question

Which term refers to a social bond based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption, which joins individuals into families? a. kinship b. affinity c. lineage d. marriage

answer

a. kinship

question

Which term refers to one or two parents and their children? a. extended family b. family of affinity c. nuclear family d. family of production

answer

c. nuclear family

question

Sandra lives with her two children. These three people represent a. a nuclear family. b. an extended family. c. a cohabiting couple. d. a nonfamily group.

answer

a. a nuclear family.

question

Which of the following terms refers to parents and children, plus grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins, who often live close to one another and operate as a family unit? a. family of affinity b. extended family c. nuclear family d. marriage

answer

b. extended family

question

Families are built around a lawful relationship, usually involving economic cooperation, sexual activity, and childbearing. What is this relationship called? a. kinship b. marriage c. affinity d. cohabitation

answer

b. marriage

question

Samuel, Jake, and Jake's two children share an apartment. They consider themselves a family. Their relationship is referred to as a. a nuclear family. b. an extended family. c. a family of affinity. d. lineage.

answer

c. a family of affinity.

question

One documented trend that is a sign of family change is that a. the number of people living together without being married is declining. b. more gay and lesbian couples are joined by marriage. c. the divorce rate is now lower than it was a century ago. d. people are marrying at a younger age.

answer

b. more gay and lesbian couples are joined by marriage.

question

The sharing of a household by an unmarried couple is referred to as a. cohabitation. b. a consensual union. c. a single-parent family. d. an extended family.

answer

a. cohabitation.

question

In the United States, about what share of people between twenty-five and forty-four years of age cohabit at some point? a. one-eighth b. one-fourth c. one-third d. half

answer

d. half

question

In 2012, the average number of children born to the typical U.S. woman over her lifetime was about a. 2.75. b. 1.9. c. .75. d. 3.12.

answer

b. 1.9.

question

In 2013, the typical age at first marriage for a woman was a. 16.6 years old. b. 20.6 years old. c. 26.6 years old. d. 30.6 years old.

answer

c. 26.6 years old.

question

In 2013, what percentage of the U.S. adult population have remained single? a. 2 percent b. 7 percent c. 17 percent d. 27 percent

answer

d. 27 percent

question

In 2013, about what share of families with children under 18 had just one parent in the household? a. one-sixth b. one-fourth c. one-third d. one-half

answer

c. one-third

question

The biggest problem facing one-parent families, especially when that parent is a woman, is a. obesity. b. poverty. c. housework. d. drug use.

answer

d. drug use.

question

What percentage of African American children are born to a single mother? a. 10 percent b. 38 percent c. 55 percent d. 72 percent

answer

b. 38 percent

question

In 1965, Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan said the African American family was in crisis because of a. delinquency, gangs, and crime, especially in rural areas. b. the lack of support from government. c. a growing number of absent fathers who leave single mothers to raise children on their own. d. racial discrimination.

answer

c. a growing number of absent fathers who leave single mothers to raise children on their own.

question

William Julius Wilson claims that the major cause of poverty among African American families is a. alcohol and drug abuse. b. family violence. c. a lack of available jobs. d. the breakdown of two-parent families.

answer

c. a lack of available jobs.

question

In the United States, most people who receive public assistance are a. African Americans. b. Hispanic Americans. c. grandparents. d. white.

answer

d. white.

question

A majority of U.S. families, including those with young children, a. care for aging people in the home. b. have a non-working mother. c. experience unemployment for some time during the year. d. have both parents working for income.

answer

d. have both parents working for income.

question

About what percentage of young children of mothers in the labor force receive care during the working day from a parent, grandparent, or other relative? a. 9 percent b. 19 percent c. 29 percent d. 49 percent

answer

d. 49 percent

question

About what share of today's marriages will end in divorce, separation, or dissolution within twenty years? a. one in ten b. three in ten c. half d. seven in ten

answer

c. half

question

Compared to a century ago, the divorce rate today is a. half as high. b. about the same. c. almost four times higher. d. more than ten times higher.

answer

c. almost four times higher.

question

Under "no-fault" divorce laws, a. one partner must prove the other ruined the marriage, for example by abandonment or adultery. b. the courts consider who is the "bad" person when dividing property and assigning child custody. c. alimony is typically paid by the higher-earning spouse to the other spouse. d. couples declare that their marriage is over due to irreconcilable differences.

answer

d. couples declare that their marriage is over due to irreconcilable differences.

question

Which nation has the highest divorce rate in the world? a. Italy b. France c. the United States d. Canada

answer

c. the United States

question

Of the children who are awarded court-ordered child support, about what percentage receive partial payments or no payments at all? a. 3 percent b. 17 percent c. 37 percent d. 57 percent

answer

d. 57 percent

question

Scott and Connie are married and have a six-month-old son. Also in the home is Scott's son from a previous marriage and Connie's daughter from a previous marriage. This household can be correctly described as a. a reconstituted family. b. a non-family. c. a blended family. d. cohabitation.

answer

c. a blended family.

question

Most blended families manage to cope with the challenges, but research shows that blended families carry an increased risk of a. physical and sexual abuse of children b. teen pregnancy c. poverty d. incarceration of the first husband

answer

a. physical and sexual abuse of children

question

Prenuptial agreements may be a good idea because a. the couple may not really want to get married. b. the couple may not have enough money to live on. c. there is a significant chance that the marriage will eventually end in divorce. d. the couple has older children.

answer

c. there is a significant chance that the marriage will eventually end in divorce.

question

In the United States, about how many gay and lesbian couples have formed committed partnerships? a. 4,000 b. 90,000 c. 160,000 d. 640,000

answer

d. 640,000

question

As of 2014, how many countries (excluding the United States) have enacted lawful same-sex marriage in name, as well as in practice? a. none b. ten c. sixteen d. one hundred

answer

c. sixteen

question

In 2004, which state became the first to recognize lawful, same-sex marriage? a. Vermont b. California c. Massachusetts d. Connecticut

answer

c. Massachusetts

question

Research shows that children raised by same-sex parents a. outperform other children in school. b. are at high risk of sexual abuse. c. are more likely to become gay themselves. d. receive the same supportive and effective parenting as those raised in other families.

answer

d. receive the same supportive and effective parenting as those raised in other families.

question

New reproductive technology, including in vitro fertilization a. is very expensive, and thus out of reach for many people. b. is now responsible for half of all births in the United States. c. has been legally banned in all fifty states in this country. d. is permitted by law, but only for same-sex couples.

answer

a. is very expensive, and thus out of reach for many people.

question

According to the structural-functional approach, which of the following social institutions is considered to be the most important? a. the economy b. politics c. education d. the family

answer

d. the family

question

In the case of John and Luanne Buzzanca, who engaged a woman to serve as a surrogate mother using donated eggs and sperm, and who then divorced before the child was born, the court ruled that a. both parental parties who engage a surrogate mother are responsible for the child. b. in surrogate mother situations, only the donor of the ovum is responsible for the child. c. in surrogate mother situations, only the donor of the sperm is responsible for the child. d. surrogate mothers are partially responsible for the care and support of the child.

answer

a. both parental parties who engage a surrogate mother are responsible for the child.

question

Sociologists use what term to refer to cases of scientific discoveries that occur faster than our ideas develop about the acceptable ways to use them? a. innovation b. cultural lag c. technological backlash d. non-normative advancement

answer

b. cultural lag

question

Which term refers to an arrangement in which one woman carries and bears a child for another, usually in exchange for money? a. surrogate motherhood b. artificial insemination c. in vitro fertilization d. sperm donation

answer

a. surrogate motherhood

question

James and Marjorie have a marriage in which each partner finds comfort and support. This kind of intimate relationship is considered ideal according to a. social-conflict analysis b. symbolic-interaction analysis c. structural-functional analysis d. feminist analysis

answer

d. feminist analysis

question

Which theoretical analysis views families in terms of patterns of gender inequality? a. social-conflict analysis b. symbolic-interaction analysis c. structural-functional analysis d. feminist analysis

answer

b. symbolic-interaction analysis

question

The structural-functional approach and the social-conflict approach both represent which type of analysis of the family? a. micro-level b. macro-level c. liberal d. conservative

answer

d. conservative

question

Which theoretical analysis views the family less as an institution and more in terms of ongoing relationships among individuals? a. social-conflict analysis b. symbolic-interaction analysis c. structural-functional analysis d. feminist analysis

answer

b. symbolic-interaction analysis

question

Which of the following is a "micro-level" analysis of the family? a. social-conflict analysis b. symbolic-interaction analysis c. structural-functional analysis d. feminist analysis

answer

b. symbolic-interaction analysis

question

Which theoretical analysis explains how the family perpetuates inequality by continuing the class system? a. social-conflict analysis b. symbolic-interaction analysis c. structural-functional analysis d. feminist analysis

answer

a. social-conflict analysis

question

Friedrich Engels developed an early theory of family life making the claim that men gained control of women's sexuality as a means to protect their own wealth. This claim is the foundation for which type of theoretical analysis? a. social-exchange analysis b. symbolic-interaction analysis c. structural-functional analysis d. social-conflict analysis

answer

d. social-conflict analysis

question

From which point of view would someone see the rise in cohabitation as spelling trouble for U.S. society? a. liberal b. conservative c. radical left d. radical right

answer

b. conservative

question

Which political point of view considers "family values" to mean getting—and staying—married with parents displaying strong commitment to children? a. conservative b. liberal c. radical left d. radical right

answer

a. conservative

question

Which political point of view places the greatest emphasis on support for diverse family forms, including cohabitation, single-parent families, blended families, same-sex marriages, and singlehood? a. conservative b. liberal c. radical right d. radical left

answer

b. liberal

question

Which political point of view claims that, in order to increase social equality, we need to replace the family as we know it? a. conservative b. liberal c. radical right d. radical left

answer

d. radical left

question

Which political point of view claims that conventional families are breaking down: divorce, single-parenting, and living together without marriage are symptoms of a "me first" culture that weakens society and places children at risk? a. conservative b. liberal c. radical right d. radical left

answer

a. conservative

question

According to which political point of view should society develop collective arrangements for performing housework and child care? a. conservative b. liberal c. radical right d. radical left

answer

d. radical left

question

In the world as a whole, about how many men and women are illiterate? a. 80,000 b. 8 million c. 800 million d. 8 billion

answer

c. 800 million

question

Which term refers to the social institution by which society transmits knowledge to its members? a. socialization b. cultural transmission c. education d. the family

answer

c. education

question

Which term refers to formal instruction carried out by specially trained teachers? a. education b. socialization c. cultural transmission d. schooling

answer

d. schooling

question

A major reason that schooling is limited in poor societies of the world is that a. parents can't take responsibility for teaching knowledge and skills. b. urban areas have little room for schools. c. parents need their children to work to provide food and income. d. literacy is not necessary for industrial, factory jobs.

answer

c. parents need their children to work to provide food and income.

question

The ability to read and write is referred to as a. education. b. literacy. c. schooling. d. socialization.

answer

b. literacy.

question

In the United States, what percentage of the population aged twenty-five to sixty-four has a four-year college or university degree? a. 12 percent b. 32 percent c. 52 percent d. 72 percent

answer

b. 32 percent

question

Although the government claims that only a tiny percentage of the U.S. population is illiterate, research suggests the nation's level of functional illiteracy is about what percentage of the adult population? a. 1 percent b. 4 percent c. 14 percent d. 34 percent

answer

c. 14 percent

question

By which year had every state enacted a law requiring children to attend school? a. 1789 b. 1865 c. 1918 d. 1965

answer

c. 1918

question

Church-sponsored parochial schools were formed in the United States primarily by a. southerners. b. Californians. c. rural farmers. d. Catholic immigrants.

answer

d. Catholic immigrants.

question

About what percentage of U.S. adults now complete high school? a. 48 percent b. 68 percent c. 88 percent d. 100 percent

answer

c. 88 percent

question

On the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT), for all racial and ethnic categories of people, a higher rate of poverty is linked to a. lower performance on the test. b. no change on test scores. c. a slight increase in test scores. d. a large increase in test scores.

answer

a. lower performance on the test.

question

Doug Downey and his colleagues discovered that U.S. children spend what percentage of their waking hours in school? a. 13 percent b. 23 percent c. 33 percent d. 43 percent

answer

a. 13 percent

question

Research shows that the quality of the school matters to student performance, but what matters even more? a. the region of the country in which the student lives b. the sex of a student c. the student's home environment d. the student's age

answer

c. the student's home environment

question

The term "dropping out" refers to a. refusing to attend high school. b. quitting school before earning a high school diploma. c. not going on to college. d. being expelled from a public school

answer

b. quitting school before earning a high school diploma.

question

The dropout rate for young people from families with incomes $100,000 and above is less than 3 percent; for those from families with incomes below $25,000, the dropout rate is more than a. 2 percent. b. 12 percent. c. 22 percent. d. 32 percent.

answer

b. 12 percent.

question

About 30 million men and women in the United States do not read, write, or do basic arithmetic well enough to carry out daily responsibilities. This situation is the problem of a. low ambition. b. poor socialization. c. functional illiteracy. d. dropping out.

answer

c. functional illiteracy.

question

In 1896, what decision by the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed the principle of racial segregation if the facilities for blacks and whites were separate but equal? a. Meredith v. Mississippi b. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka c. Plessy v. Ferguson d. Miranda v. Arizona

answer

c. Plessy v. Ferguson

question

Prior to the civil rights movement, the main reason that schools in the North were segregated was that a. most African Americans had to live in all-black neighborhoods. b. federal laws mandated segregated schools throughout the country. c. because both white and black parents preferred to keep their children with those "of their own kind." d. few African Americans lived in cities.

answer

a. most African Americans had to live in all-black neighborhoods.

question

In 1954, which decision by the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that racially segregated schools violated the Constitution, striking down the "separate but equal" standard that dated back to 1896? a. Plessy v. Ferguson b. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka c. Meredith v. Mississippi d. Miranda v. Arizona

answer

b. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

question

During the 1960s, many white families moved from the central cities to the suburbs, thereby escaping required school busing programs. This movement out of the city was commonly called a. decentralization. b. bus busting. c. beltway sprawl. d. white flight.

answer

d. white flight

question

Compared to 1960, today we find school segregation is a. a thing of the past. b. reduced. c. about the same now as then. d. much greater.

answer

c. about the same now as then.

question

New York Public School 261, described by Jonathan Kozol as overcrowded, with inadequate heat and air conditioning, and no playground, stands out as a. having a diverse mix of racial and ethnic students that mirrors New York. b. enrolling children of all class levels. c. excelling in sports. d. having a large minority student population.

answer

d. having a large minority student population.

question

In 1998, the state of Vermont enacted a law (Act 60) that a. combines school taxes across the state and redistributes funding on an equal, per-student basis. b. eliminated property taxes as a method of gaining school funding. c. enacted a "voucher system" that parents could use to "pay" for their child to attend a private or parochial school. d. eliminated busing.

answer

a. combines school taxes across the state and redistributes funding on an equal, per-student basis.

question

Which term refers to lifetime experiences and opportunities that enhance a student's ability to learn and succeed? a. tracking b. cultural capital c. home schooling d. educational advantage

answer

b. cultural capital

question

Overall, what percentage of Hispanic students in the United States attends a school with a nonwhite student majority? a. 40 percent b. 60 percent c. 80 percent d. 100 percent

answer

c. 80 percent

question

What school policy assigns students to different educational programs? a. tagging b. tracking c. mainstreaming d. academic segregation

answer

b. tracking

question

Since 1979, women have outnumbered men in U.S. colleges and universities. Despite this remarkable change, women still a. usually fail to graduate. b. are more inclined to major in math, science, or engineering. c. primarily attend college in order to meet a successful husband. d. tend to concentrate in many traditionally feminine majors.

answer

d. tend to concentrate in many traditionally feminine majors.

question

What percentage of undergraduates enrolled in U.S. colleges are women? a. 37 percent b. 47 percent c. 57 percent d. 67 percent

answer

c. 57 percent

question

What policy mandates teaching non-English speakers in English? a. bilingual education b. English immersion c. official English d. linguistic mainstreaming

answer

b. English immersion

question

Read the four statements below. Which statement is NOT correct? a. Young children who gain skills in their native language and also in English outperform one-language children on achievement tests. b. Gaining bilingual skills has great value in today's global economy. c. Bilingual education encourages people to see some cultural traditions as better than others. d. English immersion seeks to "Americanize" children by teaching them the dominant culture.

answer

c. Bilingual education encourages people to see some cultural traditions as better than others.

question

In 1998, Californians passed Proposition 227, which a. prohibited teachers from using physical punishment to discipline students. b. allowed teachers to talk about birth control in public schools. c. banned bilingual programs in favor of the English-immersion approach. d. mandated that school teachers must teach in English until at least the ninth grade.

answer

c. banned bilingual programs in favor of the English-immersion approach.

question

Which policy directs schools to integrate students with special needs into the overall educational program? a. mainstreaming b. redlining c. special education d. tracking

answer

a. mainstreaming

question

A school that provides students with learning disabilities with separate classes taught by specially trained teachers is following a policy of a. special education. b. tracking. c. mainstreaming. d. redlining.

answer

a. special education.

question

About how many teaching job vacancies are there each year in the United States? a. 4,500 b. 45,000 c. 435,000 d. 4.5 million

answer

c. 435,000

question

The extent of school violence is higher in a. private schools. b. small, rural schools. c. urban and suburban schools with large enrollments. d. school that require students to wear uniforms or conform to other dress codes.

answer

c. urban and suburban schools with large enrollments.

question

Which policy requires school officials to severely punish or expel any student who brings a weapon, alcohol, or some other drug to school? a. no excuses policy b. zero tolerance policy c. conflict resolution policy d. shock reality policy

answer

b. zero tolerance policy

question

As the U.S. economy moved from farming to industry, the responsibility for teaching the young moved from parents to a. the workplace. b. specially trained teachers. c. the community. d. technology.

answer

b. specially trained teachers.

question

Which of the following is identified in the text as a latent function of schooling? a. providing society with skilled workers b. giving people the skills they need to earn a living c. preparing people to participate in the country's political and economic systems d. providing child care to working parents

answer

d. providing child care to working parents

question

According to symbolic-interaction analysis, tracking and other forms of labeling in education a. improve student performance. b. are generally helpful to disadvantaged categories of students. c. can create a self-fulfilling prophecy. d. are linked to the budget concerns of schools.

answer

c. can create a self-fulfilling prophecy.

question

Labels such as "gifted," "average," or "deficient" that are placed on students by schools a. reflect their innate abilities combined with their work ethic. b. may reflect their school work but also reflect students' social background. c. have little effect on students' performance or future. d. keep students in school longer because schools treat them according to their individual abilities

answer

b. may reflect their school work but also reflect students' social background.

question

Social-conflict analysis of education claims that, within any single school, tracking mandates that the best the school has to offer goes to those students who a. most closely match the school's definition of an "average student." b. are socioeconomically disadvantaged and need extra help, regardless of their academic potential. c. are socioeconomically disadvantaged, but have strong academic potential. d. already have a lot going for them—those from more privileged backgrounds.

answer

d. already have a lot going for them—those from more privileged backgrounds.

question

Following social-conflict analysis of education, the fact that our school system socializes all students to be obedient citizens who are respectful of authority is one example of schooling's a. self-fulfilling prophecy. b. tracking system. c. hidden curriculum. d. manifest functions.

answer

c. hidden curriculum.

question

Chris teaches at a university at the rank of full professor with tenure. Based on the statistical likelihood, Chris is probably a. female. b. male. c. conservative. d. African American.

answer

b. male.

question

Which political point of view argues that the main problem of public education is that government controls most schools, so public schools do not have to compete for students? a. conservative b. liberal c. feminist d. radical left

answer

a. conservative

question

The "conservative solution" to many problems of schooling can be summed up as a. more tracking. b. more school choice. c. more mainstreaming. d. more equal funding for all schools.

answer

b. more school choice.

question

Public schools that offer special facilities and programs in pursuit of educational excellence are known as a. charter schools b. magnet schools c. voucher programs d. mainstreaming

answer

b. magnet schools

question

Which type of schools provides freedom to try out new policies and programs? a. charter schools b. magnet schools c. voucher programs d. mainstreaming

answer

a. charter schools

question

According to the liberal point of view, the main cause of school problems is a. too little involvement on the part of parents. b. not enough competition among schools. c. too little funding for public schools and too much inequality of funding among schools. d. that the capitalist economic system created too much inequality to begin with.

answer

c. too little funding for public schools and too much inequality of funding among schools.

question

From which political point of view would someone claim that it is far less costly to pay for good schools today than to pay the costs of dealing with the problems that result from poor schools? a. conservative b. radical right c. radical left d. liberal

answer

d. liberal

question

Radicals on the left argue that problems in our schools arise from a. the shortcomings of students. b. the shortcomings of administrators. c. basic flaws in the economic and political structure of society. d. the shortcomings of teachers.

answer

c. basic flaws in the economic and political structure of society.

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