Society: Ch.4 Social Interactions – Flashcards
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The definition of *role exit*:
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The process by which people *disengage from important social roles*.
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A common experience for those undergoing *role exit*:
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Rebuilding relationships with people who knew you in an earlier period of life.
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What happens to *the share of housework for women* when a nation's income level is low?
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The share of housework for women *increases*.
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The definition of *street smarts*:
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The ability to make daily events unfold in the way that you want them to.
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The *Thomas theorem* states....(?)
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Situations defined as real are real in their consequences.
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The definition of *ethnomethodology*:
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The study of *how people present themselves to others*; or *how people make sense of their everyday surroundings*.
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What approach did *Garfinkel's research* introduce?
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An approach called *ethnomethodology*.
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Who is *Erving Goffman*?
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Erving Goffman is the sociologist who developed the approach known as *dramaturgical analysis*.
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The definition of *dramaturgical analysis*:
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The study of *social interaction* in terms of *theatrical performance*.
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According to *Erving Goffman*, in what do we engage ourselves when we use costumes, props, tone of voice, and gestures to convey information to others?
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We engage in a *performance*.
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Parts of a professor's *classroom performance*:
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- Books and Notes; - Lectern or Desk; and - Acting in charge of the situation.
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The definition of *presentation of self*:
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A person's efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others.
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An example of a *back region* in dramaturgical analysis:
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An examination room in a doctor's office.
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The definition of *nonverbal communication*:
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Communication using body movements/language, hand gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact instead of speech.
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Why are men more likely to intrude on the personal space of women?
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Because men typically *have more power in daily interactions than women*.
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Dramaturgical analysis (E. Goffman) treats *embarrassment* as....(?).
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as *"losing face"*.
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The definition of *tact*:
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Helping a person *"save face"*, or *avoid embarrassment*.
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The two foundations of *emotion*:
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- Biological foundation, and - Cultural foundation.
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Why is tact so common of a response in potentially embarrassing situations?
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Because.... - Embarrassment causes discomfort for both the presenter and members of the audience; and because - Everyone feels discomfort when a constructed reality breaks down.
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Ending words with *"ette"* and *"ess"* denotes....(?), which reduces....(?).
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Ending words with "ette" and "ess" denotes *femininity*, which generally reduces *the value of something*.
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People sometimes use *jokes* to....(?), which is a basic form of....(?).
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People sometimes use jokes to *"put down" others*, which is a basic form of *social conflict.*
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The *social construction of reality* is used to designate....(?).
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To designate the process by which *people creatively shape reality as they interact*.
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By the *social construction of reality*, flirting is....(?).
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A playful way of seeing if someone is interested in you without risking outright rejection.
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What likely plays a part in the reality we construct through social interaction?
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- social class background; - the country we live in; and - our ethnicity.
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Why is *the power relationship* between a physician and patient evident immediately when the patient enters the doctor's office?
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The power relationship is immediately evident because *patients must wait until a "gatekeeper" admits them to see the doctor in the office's "back region."*
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Why do people give off clues that *indicate they're telling a lie*?.
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People give off such clues because *nonverbal communication is hard for most people to control*.
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The definition of *personal space*:
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The surrounding area over which an individual makes some claim to privacy.
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According to *Erving Goffman*, people usually make efforts to....(?).
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People usually make efforts to *idealize* their intentions.
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An example of *idealizing a personal performance*:
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Smiling and making polite remarks to people we do not like.
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*Paul Ekman* concludes that people everywhere express....(?).
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People everywhere express *six* basic emotions.
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*P. Ekman* claims that a major function of *emotion* is to....(?).
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A major function of emotion is to *support group life by building connections with others*.
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*Cultures* differ in terms of....(?).
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In terms of.... - what *triggers emotions*; - the rules for how people *display emotions*; and - how people *value emotions*.
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*Arlie Russell Hochschild* explains that *companies* typically....(?).
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Companies typically *try to control the emotions of workers*.
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In her study of *women's abortion experiences*, *Jennifer Keys* discovered that *feelings* are guided by....(?).
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Feelings are guided by *emotional scripts*.
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An example of how *language* can be used to *convey power over others*:
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Most women take the family name of a man they marry.
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The English language often treats whatever has *greater value*, *force*, or *significance* as....(?).
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Masculine
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*Humor* is created when people....(?).
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When people *create and contrast two different realities*.
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The best description of a *"well-told" joke*:
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There is a very sharp contrast between the *conventional* and *unconventional definitions of reality*.
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The idea of *"getting" a joke* depends on....(?).
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*understanding the two realities involved* and *appreciating their difference*.
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An important *foundation of humor* is....(?).
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*incongruity* — differences in meaning.
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A true statement about *humor* in terms of *interacting with people of an unfamiliar cultural background* is....(?).
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What is funny to *people in one society* may not be funny *to those from another society*.
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*Jokes* from a *functional* viewpoint:
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Jokes.... (functional) - are often used to *safely express potentially disruptive sentiments*; - are often used to *relieve tension in an uncomfortable situation*; and - can be used as a *form of tact*, stating, "Hey, it was only a joke!"
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Jokes from a *conflict* viewpoint:
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Jokes.... (conflict) - can be a way of making one category of people feel good at the expense of another.
