Social Studies, Chapter 5 Study Guide – Flashcards
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Petition
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a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority
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Effigy
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a crude dummy or image representing a hated person or group.
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Militia
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civilians trained as soldiers but not part of the regular army
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Minutemen
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Member of a militia during the American Revolution who could be ready to fight in sixty seconds
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Revenue
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the entire amount of income before any deductions are made
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Boycott
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a group's refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization in protest against its policies
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Writs of Assistance
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It was part of the Townshend Acts. It said that the customs officers could inspect a ship's cargo without giving a reason. Colonists protested that the Writs violated their rights as British citizens.
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Repeal
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revoke; annul
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Propaganda
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information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause
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Preamble
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a preliminary introduction to a statute or constitution (usually explaining its purpose)
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George Grenville
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Became prime minister of Britain in 1763 he persuaded the Parliament to pass a law allowing smugglers to be sent to vice-admiralty courts which were run by British officers and had no jury. He did this to end smuggling.
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Sugar Act
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halved the duty on foreign made molasses, placed duties on certain imports, and strenghtened the enforcement of the law allowing prosecutors to try smuggling cases in a vice-admiralty court
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Vice- Admiralty Courts
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military tribunal without a jury where when found guilty (and always guilty) had to serve mandatory jail time.
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Stamp Act
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an act passed by the British parliment in 1756 that raised revenue from the American colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents
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Patrick Henry
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a leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies (1736-1799). "Give me liberty or give me death!"
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Declaratory Act
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Passed in 1766 just after the repeal of the Stamp Act, the Declaratory Act stated that Parliament could legislate for the colonies in all cases. Most colonists interpreted the act as a face-saving mechanism and nothing more. Parliament, however, continually interpreted the act in its broadest sense in order to legislate in and control the colonies.
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Townshend Acts
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A tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea
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Boston Massacre
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British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists who were teasing and taunting them. Five colonists were killed. The colonists blamed the British and the Sons of Liberty and used this incident as an excuse to promote the Revolution.
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Crispus Attucks
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A free black man who was the first person killed in the Revolution at the Boston Massacre.
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Tea Act
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Law passed by parliament allowing the British East India Company to sell its low-cost tea directly to the colonies - undermining colonial tea merchants; led to the Boston Tea Party
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Boston Tea Party
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demonstration (1773) by citizens of Boston who (disguised as Indians) raided three British ships in Boston harbor and dumped hundreds of chests of tea into the harbor
