question

Eastern Europe is a land of amazing what?

answer

Contrasts

question

The northern parts of the region lie along cold, often stormy shores of the what?

answer

Baltic Sea

question

In the south however are warm, sunny beaches along the what and what seas?

answer

Adriatic and Black seas

question

Jagged mountain what jut high into the sky in some places, while wildflowers dot the gently rolling hills of other parts of the region?

answer

Peaks

question

These contrasts stem from the region's wide variety of what, what, and what?

answer

Landforms, water features, and climates

question

As you can see on the map above, the landforms of Eastern Europe are arranged in a series of broad what?

answer

Bands

question

In the north is the what?

answer

The Northern European Plain

question

As you have already learned this large what stretches across most of Northern Europe?

answer

Plain

question

South of the Northern European Plain is a low mountain range called the what?

answer

Carpathians

question

These rugged mountains are an extension of the what of West-Central Europe?

answer

Alps

question

They stretch in a long arc from the Alps to the what area?

answer

Black Sea

question

South and West of the Carpathians is another plain the what?

answer

Great Hungarian Plain

question

As its name suggests the fertile area is located mostly within what?

answer

Hungary

question

South of the plain are more mountains the what and what?

answer

The Dinaric Alps and the Balkan Mountains

question

These two ranges together cover most of the what one of the largest peninsulas in Europe?

answer

Balkan Peninsula

question

It extends south into the what sea?

answer

Mediterranean Sea

question

Like the rest of the continent, Eastern Europe has many bodies of what that affect how people live?

answer

Water

question

To the southwest the what sea an important route for transportation and trade?

answer

Adriatic Sea

question

To the east the what sea serves the same function?

answer

Black Sea

question

In the far north is the what sea?

answer

Baltic Sea

question

It is another important trade route, though parts of the sea can do what over in the winter?

answer

Freeze

question

In addition to these seas, Eastern Europe has several what that are vital paths for transportation and trade?

answer

Rivers

question

The longest of these rivers the what begins in Germany and flows east across the Great Hungarian Plain?

answer

Danube River

question

The river winds its way through how many countries before it finally empties into the Black Sea?

answer

Nine

question

As you might expect the Danube is central to Eastern European what?

answer

Economy

question

Some of the region's largest cities lie on the Danube's what?

answer

Banks

question

Thousands of what travel up and down the river every year, loaded with both goods and people?

answer

Ships

question

In addition what on the western parts of the river generate much of the region's electricity?

answer

Dams

question

Unfortunately, the high level of activity on the Danube has left it highly what?

answer

Polluted

question

Like its landforms the what and natural what of Eastern Europe vary widely?

answer

Climates and natural vegetation

question

In fact the climates and landforms found across Eastern Europe determine which what ill grow there?

answer

Plants

question

The shores of the what are the coldest location in Eastern Europe?

answer

The Baltic Sea

question

Winters there are long clod and what?

answer

Harsh

question

This northern part of Eastern Europe receives less rain than other areas but what is common?

answer

Fog

question

In fact some parts of the year have as few as how many sunny days each year?

answer

30

question

The climate allows huge what to grow there?

answer

Forests

question

The what of Eastern Europe are much milder than the far north?

answer

The Interior Plains

question

Winters there can be what but summers are generally pleasant and mild?

answer

Cold

question

The western parts of these plains receive much more what than those further east?

answer

Rain

question

Because of the variation in what the plains of Northern Europe have many types of vegetation?

answer

Climates

question

Huge what cover much of the north?

answer

Forests

question

South of these forests are open grassy what?

answer

Plains

question

In the spring these plains erupt with colorful what?

answer

Wildflowers

question

Unfortunately, Eastern Europe's what were greatly damaged by a terrible accident in 1986?

answer

Forests

question

A faulty reactor at the what nuclear power plant in Ukraine exploded releasing huge amounts of radiation in the air?

answer

Chernobyl

question

This radiation poisoned millions of acres of what and ruined what across much of the region?

answer

Forests and soil

question

Along the Adriatic Sea the what coast has a Mediterranean climate with warm summers and mild winters?

answer

Balkan Coast

question

As a result its what are popular tourist destinations?

answer

Beaches

question

Because a Mediterranean climate does not bring much what the Balkan coast does not have many forests?

answer

Rain

question

Instead the land is covered by what and hardy what that do not need much water?

answer

Shrubs and hardy trees

question

The area around the what sea was settled in ancient times by many different groups?

answer

Black Sea

question

In time these what developed into the people who live in the region today?

answer

Groups

question

One group became the what one became the Latvians and the Lithuanians and one became the Polish?

answer

Estonians

question

Each of these groups had its own what and what?

answer

Language and culture

question

Over the centuries, however, shared historical what have helped tie all these people together?

answer

Events

question

By the Middle Ages the what had formed many independent kingdoms?

answer

The Baltics

question

The kingdoms of what and what were large and strong?

answer

Lithuania and Poland

question

Together they ruled much of Eastern and Northern what?

answer

Europe

question

The smaller kingdoms of what and what on the other hand were not strong?

answer

Latvia and Estonia

question

In fact they were often invaded by more powerful what?

answer

Neighbors

question

These what continued through the 1800s?

answer

Invasions

question

Both World War 1 and World War 2 were devastating for the what people?

answer

Baltic people

question

Much of the fighting in World War 1 took place in where?

answer

Poland

question

As a result millions of Poles both what and what died?

answer

Soldiers and civilians

question

Thousands more were killed in the what countries?

answer

Baltic countries

question

World War 2 began when the what invaded Poland from the west?

answer

Germans

question

As the Germans pushed through Poland from the west the army of the what invaded Poland from the east?

answer

Soviet Union

question

Once again what suffered tremendously?

answer

Poland

question

Million of people were killed and what all over Poland was destroyed?

answer

Property

question

What what and what also suffered?

answer

Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania

question

All three countries were occupied by the what army?

answer

Soviet

question

As the map shows the what totally dominated Eastern Europe after World War 2?

answer

Soviet Union

question

What what and what became parts of the Soviet Union?

answer

Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

question

Who remained free but the Soviets forced them to accept Communist governments?

answer

Poland

question

Many Eastern Europeans opposed what rule and the Communist governments in the region eventually fell?

answer

Communist

question

Who rejected Communism and elected new leaders in 1989?

answer

Poland

question

The what broke away from the Soviet Union in 1991 and became independent once more?

answer

The Baltic Republics

question

What pope was born in Poland and raised a Roman Catholic?

answer

Pope John Paul 2

question

In some ways the culture of what and the Baltic Republics are very different from each other?

answer

Poland

question

For example people in the area speak different what and practice different what?

answer

Languages and religion

question

Ton other ways however their what are quite similar?

answer

Cultures

question

Because the four countries lie near each other common what have taken root in all of them?

answer

Customs

question

People cook similar what and enjoy the same types of what?

answer

Foods and entertainment

question

The most obvious differences between the cultures of the Baltic countries are their what and what?

answer

Languages and religion

question

Because the countries were first settled by different groups each has its own what today?

answer

Language

question

Of these languages only what and what are similar to each other?

answer

Latvian and Lithuanian

question

What is related to the languages of countries farther south?

answer

Polish

question

What is similar to Finnish?

answer

Estonian

question

Trade what and what have affected religion in the area?

answer

Patterns and invasions

question

Poland and Lithuania traded mostly with what countries?

answer

Roman Catholic countries

question

So most people are what?

answer

Catholic

question

Latvia and Estonia on the other hand were ruled for a long time by what?

answer

Sweden

question

Because the Swedish are mostly what most people in Latvia and Estonia are that as well?

answer

Lutheran

question

Unlike language and religion many what practiced in the Baltic countries cross national boundaries?

answer

Customs

question

For example people in these countries eat many of the same types of what?

answer

Food

question

What and what are very popular as is what?

answer

Potatoes and sausage, seafood

question

Other shared what tie the Baltic countries together as well?

answer

Customs

question

For example all three countries practice some of the same what?

answer

Crafts

question

Among these crafts are what what and what?

answer

Pottery, painting, and embroidery

question

Also common to the countries of the Baltic Sea is a love for what and what?

answer

Music and dance

question

For centuries people of the Baltics have been famous for their what abilities?

answer

Musical

question

Who for example was a famous Polish pianist and composer?

answer

Frederic Chopin

question

Today people throughout Poland and the Baltic Republics gather at what to hear popular and traditional tunes?

answer

Music festivals

question

Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland all still feel the affects of decades of Soviet what?

answer

Rule

question

The economies of all four countries suffered because the Soviets did not build a decent what?

answer

Infrastructure

question

Is the set of resources like roads airports and factories that a country needs in order to support economic activities?

answer

Infrastructure

question

The many what built by the Soviets in Poland and the Baltics could not produce as many goods as those in Western Europe?

answer

Factories

question

Today Poland and the Baltic Republics are working to rebuild and strengthen their what?

answer

Economies

question

They are replacing the old and outdated what built by the Soviets with new ones that take advantage of modern technology?

answer

Factories

question

As a result cities like what the capital of Poland have become major industrial centers?

answer

Warsaw

question

To further their economic growth the countries of this region are also seeking new sources of what?

answer

Income

question

One area in which they have found some sucess in what?

answer

Tourism

question

Since the collapse of the Soviet 1991 many Americans have begun what?

answer

Visiting

question

Polish cities like what and what have long attracted tourists with their rich history and famous sites?

answer

Warsaw and Krakow

question

Vilnius, Lithuania; Tallinn, Estonia; and Riga, Latvia, have also become tourist what?

answer

Attractions

question

People are drawn to these cities by their fascinating what, cool what climates, and historic what?

answer

Cultures, summer, and sites

question

Located on the what and what inland Eastern Europe consists of six countries?

answer

The Northern European and the Hungarian plains

question

They are the what, what, what, what, what, and what?

answer

The Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Ukraine Belarus, and Moldova

question

Throughout history many different what ruled these countries?

answer

Peoples

question

Each ruling group influenced the what and what of the area?

answer

The culture and customs

question

The area that now includes the Czech Republic and Slovakia was once home to many small what?

answer

Kingdoms

question

People called the what founded these kingdoms?

answer

Slavs

question

The what were people from Asia who moved into Europe by AD1000?

answer

Slavs

question

Eventually strong neighbors such as what conquered the Slavic kingdoms?

answer

Austria

question

After World war 1 the victorious what took land away from Austria to form a new nation Czechoslovakia?

answer

Allies

question

About fifty years later in 1993 it split into the what and what?

answer

Czech Republic and Slovakia

question

Because of their what these two countries have had long ties with Western Europe?

answer

Location

question

As a result what influences are common?

answer

Western

question

For example many people in the two countries are what religion?

answer

Roman Catholic

question

The architecture of cities like what the capital of the Czech Republic also reflects Western influences?

answer

Prague

question

In the 900s a group called the what swept into what is now Hungary?

answer

Magyars

question

Although they were conquered by the what the Magyars continued to shape Hungarian culture?

answer

Austrians

question

The Hungarian language is based on the language spoken by the what?

answer

Magyars

question

In fact the people in Hungary today still refer to themselves as what?

answer

Magyars

question

The what also settled into Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova?

answer

Slavs

question

Later other groups including the what of Scandinavia invaded and conquered the Slavs?

answer

Vikings

question

A group called the what built a settlement in Kiev, Ukraine in the 800s?

answer

Rus

question

The rulers of what eventually created a huge empire?

answer

Kiev

question

In the late 1700s the empire became part of what?

answer

Russia

question

When the Soviet Union was formed in 1922 what and what were made Soviet republics?

answer

Ukraine and Belarus

question

What became a republic two years later?

answer

Moldova

question

They did not become independent until the breakup of the Soviet Union in _____?

answer

1991

question

The long history of Russian influences in the region is reflected in the countries' what?

answer

Cultures

question

For example most people in these countries are what like the people of Russia?

answer

Orthodox Christians

question

In addition Ukrainian and Belarusian languages are written in the what or what alphabet?

answer

Cyrillic or Russian alphabet

question

All of the countries of inland Eastern Europe were either part of the what or run by Soviet influenced governments?

answer

Soviet Union

question

Since the end of Soviet domination the people of inland Eastern Europe have largely overcome the what created by the Soviets?

answer

Problems

question

Still a few issues remain for the region's what and what?

answer

Governments and economies

question

During the Soviet era the countries of inland Eastern Europe had what governments?

answer

Communist

question

Under the Communists people had few what?

answer

Freedoms

question

In addition the Soviets were poor economic planners and their what caused many hardships?

answer

Policies

question

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union the what of inland Eastern Europe have changed?

answer

Governments

question

Hungary, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Ukraine, and Moldova are now what in which the people elect their leaders?

answer

Republics

question

Belarus also claims to be a republic, but it is really a what?

answer

Dictatorship

question

The countries of inland Eastern Europe belong to several international what?

answer

Alliances

question

One such alliance the what or CIS meets to discuss issues such as trade and immigration that affect former Soviet republics?

answer

Commonwealth of Independent States

question

The CIS is based in what the capital of Belarus?

answer

Minsk

question

Ukraine and Moldova are also members as are many countries in what?

answer

Asia

question

The Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria are not part of the what?

answer

CIS

question

They have sought closer what to the West than to the former Soviet Union?

answer

Ties

question

As a result all five belong to the what?

answer

The EU

question

What has been a major challenge for these countries since the collapse of the Soviet Union?

answer

Economic development

question

The Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and what have been most successful?

answer

Ukraine

question

All four are thriving what?

answer

Industrial centers

question

Ukraine with rich, productive farmlands, grows what, what, and what?

answer

Grains, potatoes, and sugar beets

question

Life in inland Eastern Europe is centered around cities especially what?

answer

National capitals

question

In each country the capital is both a key economic what and a what one?

answer

Center and cultural

question

Three cities in the region are especially important-what, what, and what, the capital of Hungary?

answer

Prague, Kiev, and Budapest

question

They are the most prosperous cities in the region and home to influential what and what?

answer

Leaders and universities

question

In addition the cities are popular what?

answer

Tourist destinations

question

People from all over the world visit Eastern Europe to see the cities' what and what sites?

answer

Architectural and cultural

question

Like the rest of Eastern Europe the what has been conquered and ruled by many different groups?

answer

The Balkan Peninsula

question

The presence of these many what continues to shape life in the area today?

answer

Groups

question

Bu the 600s BC the ancient what had founded colonies on the northern Black Sea coast?

answer

Greeks

question

The area that they settled is now part of Bulgaria and what?

answer

Romania

question

Later the what conquered most of the area from the Adriatic Sea to the Danube River?

answer

Romans

question

When the Roman Empire divided into west and east in the late AD 300s the Balkan Peninsula became part of the eastern what?

answer

Byzantine Empire

question

Under Byzantine rule many people of the Balkans became what?

answer

Orthodox Christians

question

More than 1,000 years later what conquered the Byzantine Empire?

answer

Muslim Ottoman Turks

question

Under the Ottomans many people became what?

answer

Muslims

question

The what ruled the Balkan Peninsula until the 1800s?

answer

The Ottomans

question

At that time the people of the region rose up and drove the what out?

answer

Ottomans

question

Then they created their own what?

answer

Kingdoms

question

Trouble between the Balkan kingdoms and their neighbors led to what?

answer

World War 1

question

In the late 1800s the Austro-Hungarian Empire which lay north of the Balkans took over part of the what?

answer

Peninsula

question

In protest a man from Serbia shot the what to the Austro-Hungarian throne sparking the war?

answer

Heir

question

After World War 1 the what changed dramatically?

answer

The Balkans

question

Europe's leaders divided the peninsula into new what?

answer

Countries

question

Among these new countries was what which combined formerly independent countries under one government?

answer

Yugoslavia

question

The nation of what lasted until the 1990s?

answer

Yugoslavia

question

The country eventually broke up however because of conflict between what and what groups?

answer

Ethnic and religious groups

question

Culturally the what are the most diverse area of Europe?

answer

The Balkans

question

The diversity is reflected in the large number of religions practiced and what spoken there?

answer

Languages

question

Most of the people of the Balkans like most Europeans are what?

answer

Christians

question

However how many types of Christianity are practiced in the area?

answer

Three

question

Most Balkan Christians belong to the what?

answer

Orthodox Church

question

In the western part of the peninsula there are many what?

answer

Roman Catholics

question

In addition many countries also have large what communities?

answer

Protestant communities

question

What is not the only religion in the Balkans?

answer

Christianity

question

Because of the Ottoman's long rule what is the most common?

answer

Islam

question

In fact what is the only country in Europe in which most people are Muslims?

answer

Albania

question

People in the Balkans speak what from three major groups?

answer

Languages

question

Most languages in the region belong to the what family and are related to Russia?

answer

Slavic family

question

In Romania though people speak a language that developed from what?

answer

Latin

question

It is more closely related to French, Italian, and Spanish than to what languages?

answer

Slavic languages

question

In addition some people in Romania speak what languages?

answer

Germanic languages

question

Some languages of the Balkans are not related to these what?

answer

Groups

question

For example what is unlike any other language in the world?

answer

Albanian

question

In addition a group called the what have a language of their own?

answer

Roma

question

The countries of the Balkan Peninsulas like most of Eastern Europe were once run by what governments?

answer

Communist governments

question

Weak economic planning has left most of them poor and struggling to improve their what?

answer

Economies

question

This area is still the what in Europe today?

answer

Poorest

question

Relations among what and what groups have had serious implications for the Balkans?

answer

Religious and ethnic groups

question

Consequences?

answer

Implications

question

When what broke apart violence broke out among groups in some of the newly formed countries?

answer

Yugoslavia

question

What of the largest religious or ethnic group in each country tried to get rid of all other groups who lived there?

answer

Members

question

They threatened those who refused to leave with what or what?

answer

Punishments or death

question

The kind of effort to remove all members of a group from a country or region is called what?

answer

Ethnic cleansing

question

The what in former Yugoslavia was so terrible that other countries stepped in to put an end to it?

answer

Violence

question

In 1995 countries around the world sent troops to what and what to help bring an end to the fighting?

answer

Bosnia and Herzegovina

question

The fighting between groups eventually ended in 2008 how many countries shared the Balkan Peninsula?

answer

Ten countries

question

The poorest country in Europe what has struggled since the end of the Soviet period?

answer

Albania

question

High what and what rates have prevented the country's economy from improving?

answer

Unemployment and crime

question

Once a part of Yugoslavia what broke away in 1991?

answer

Macedonia

question

It was the first country to do so in what way?

answer

Peacefully

question

What also broke from Yugoslavia in 1991?

answer

Slovenia

question

In 2004 it became the first Balkan country to join the what?

answer

The EU

question

When what broke away from Yugoslavia fighting broke out within the country?

answer

Croatia

question

Ethnic what and what fought over land for many years?

answer

Serbs and Croats

question

In the end many what left Croatia and peace was restored?

answer

Serbs

question

Since the end of ethnic and religious violence peace has returned to what and what?

answer

Bosnia and Heregovina

question

The people are working to do what?

answer

Rebuild

question

Serbia is the largest what to emerge from former Yugoslavia?

answer

Nation

question

Like other Balkan countries Serbia has seen fighting among what?

answer

Ethnic groups

question

Formerly a province of Serbia what declared independence in 2008?

answer

Kosovo

question

Its population is mostly ethnic what?

answer

Albanian

question

The mountainous country of what separated peacefully from Serbia in June 2006?

answer

Montenegro

question

What the largest of the Balkan states is working to recover from years of bad government?

answer

Romania

question

Poor what have left its government and economy in ruins?

answer

Leaders

question

Since the fall of the Soviet Union what has changed dramatically?

answer

Bulgaria

question

People there are working to develop a what economy based on industry and tourism?

answer

Capitalist economy

Social Studies Chapter 15 Sections 1,2,3, and 4 – Flashcards

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