question

The importance of point of view (POV) for leadership is to __________.

answer

see situations from another's POV as well as your own

question

In the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Max Weber explained that the restless, innovating, hard work characteristic of Americans that sparked modern industrial capitalism was the result of the following Calvinist principles:

answer

asceticism, predestination, and success as a sign of being chosen.

question

Fritz Heider noted that while a person's behavior can have a number of causes, we tend to attribute behavior to the person rather than to factors in the situation. This has come to be termed _______.

answer

The fundamental attribution error

question

Mark Granovetter found that for success in gaining social resources such as finding a job or gaining entrance to a prestigious school, a person's social network was crucial. He found that certain kinds of network relationships were most effective. He called these _________.

answer

Weak ties

question

According to the lecture, which of the following is NOT a function of a good group name? People remember it easily People want to join the group Members want to stay in the group during tough times Members are prevented from joining other groups

answer

Members are prevented from joining other groups

question

Self handicapping is the idea that _______.

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people sometimes place obstacles in the path of their own success

question

Research on self-handicapping shows that

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men self-handicap more than do women

question

To be a professional _____.

answer

put clients needs before your own

question

The lecture pointed out that effective leaders

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seek constant improvement

question

The lecture pointed out that without an effective leader

answer

groups may try to complete assignments efficiently rather than well. group members may feel it inappropriate to push for higher performance. social loafing may limit the work accomplished.

question

One strategy employed by many effective leaders throughout history is to:

answer

tell stories that make an emotional connection

question

For which of the following occupations is effective leadership NOT required for success? Corporate executive Military officer Teacher Parent

answer

None of the above (all require leadership)

question

Which of the following is NOT generally regarded as an effective leader of a country? Ronald Reagan Abraham Lincoln Adolf Hitler Jimmy Carter

answer

Jimmy Carter

question

Effective leaders ______.

answer

work through people

question

The lecture pointed out that one way for leaders to improve their effectiveness is to train themselves to _______.

answer

look for situational causes for others' behavior that may have been overlooked

question

The modern study of leadership focuses on _________.

answer

Effective leadership as behavior that can be learned

question

Behaviorist theory is the idea that

answer

rewarded behavior occurs more frequently punished behavior occurs less frequently

question

In social psychology, leaders use "power" when they _________.

answer

promise rewards to motivate followers threaten punishment to motivate followers

question

The conclusion from lectures and readings is that using power to motivate

answer

is generally ineffective and often reduces motivation to achieve group goals

question

The reward schedule most effective for motivating behavior is closest to that found in _______.

answer

casino gambling games

question

In a Results Only Work Environment (ROWE) _____________.

answer

Workers set their own hours and are responsible for getting their work done

question

When workers put in effort to master an activity they enjoy and feel is important, it is called ____.

answer

Intrinsic motivation

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You consider yourself a good driver and your driving license was just suspended. Holding these two ideas in your mind at the same time produces an uncomfortable feeling of _______.

answer

cognitive dissonance

question

Producing cognitive dissonance in followers is useful for leaders because one way people reduce cognitive dissonance is to __________.

answer

change their behavior

question

When mentally healthy researchers checked themselves into mental hospitals claiming that they heard voices ___________.

answer

other mental patients could tell they were sane.

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Social loafing is the idea that people tend to feel anonymous in larger groups so they _____.

answer

work less because they feel that no one will notice

question

Lyn Abramson and Lauren Alloy reported in a research article called "Sadder but Wiser" that one difference between mentally healthy and depressed people was that __________.

answer

depressed people more accurately judged their lack of control over positive events

question

Ellen Langer and Judith Rodin found that when nursing home patients were given control over small things like the movie shown on movie night and where to put the furniture in their rooms _________.

answer

they were happier and more active their health improved fewer died in the following 18. months

question

The principle proposed by William James that has become the foundation for the self-help industry is: _________.

answer

to change attitudes and emotions, first change behavior

question

After children received the award they expected for playing with Magic Marker pens, they ________.

answer

played with them less often

question

When people rate the features of what they consider to be a good job, one of the most important is _______.

answer

autonomy on the job

question

Whenever a boundary divides two groups of people, __________.

answer

people tend to feel more positively about people in their group people tend to feel more negatively about people in the other group

question

When people develop leadership by being tested in difficult or crisis situations, it is called

answer

a crucible

question

While effective leaders are often seen as great and positive forces in people's lives, two readings on "Leadership Warts and All" and the "Leadership Fear Factor" suggest that ___________.

answer

many believe that it is better for a leader to be feared than loved

question

According to the book on strengths based leadership, the most effective way to motivate is to

answer

focus on strengths so that people do more of what they are good at

question

In the long run what will produce the highest level of performance?

answer

constantly working to make small improvements in performance

question

According to Strengths Based Leadership, it is important for a leader to _____.

answer

focus on her or his main strengths

question

According to Strengths Based Leadership, it is important for a group to __________.

answer

be well rounded with different members having strengths in different areas

question

To research ways to improve leadership, social psychologists study charisma as _______

answer

behavior

question

People in general are prone to self-serving bias, attributing success to themselves and failure to the situation (including other people). In what situation were attributions found to be opposite to those predicted by self-serving bias?

answer

Teachers attributing the performance of their students.

question

Dan Ariely studied how people perform when given large incentives for success in India where he could offer the equivalent of several month's pay to participants in a study that took a few hours to complete. He found that when participants were offered the largest incentive, ________.

answer

Performance dramatically decreased.

question

Differences in how leaders behave can have _____.

answer

major effects on the performance of the groups they lead.

question

The first goal of a person in power is to ______.

answer

stay in power

question

Which statement about power use is true? The moderate use of power is often effective and produces less damage than overwhelming power use. The most effective leaders never use power. Effective leaders use power whenever possible The overwhelming use of power is often effective although sometimes damaging.

answer

The overwhelming use of power is often effective although sometimes damaging.

question

External threat produces internal _______.

answer

cohesion

question

In the Robbers Cave experiment, the Eagles and the Rattlers became cooperative and friendly after _______.

answer

both teams worked together to fix the water tank

question

Research on minimal groups has shown that people will feel negatively about out-group members and positively about in-group members whenever ________.

answer

a boundary is noticed between the groups

question

Dale Carnegie described how the CEO of Bethlehem Steel motivated performance at a steel mill in the early 1900s by

answer

chalking a big number 6. on the floor

question

In Festinger's famous $20. experiment, people performed a tedious task and then were given a bonus to tell the next person that they enjoyed it even though they did not. Later when asked how they really felt about the tedious task,

answer

those paid $1. for the experiment said the liked the task more.

question

Transactional Leadership

answer

motivates through measured application of promised rewards and threatened punishments Transactional leaders seek to motivate followers through a combo of promised rewards and threatened punishments Often used

question

Transformational Leadership

answer

motivates by transforming identities and goals of individuals to coincide w/those of the group

question

French and Raven 5 bases of power

answer

Reward power based on leader's ability to reward Coercive power based on ability to punish Legitimate power based on authority to direct followers Referent power based on follower's identification w/leader Expert power based on access to special knowledge

question

Status in work groups

answer

High status increases influence Status expectations are non-conscious To have influence members expect the leader to make competent contributions to group and be selflessly committed to group

question

Influence

answer

second tool to motivate (followed by power) ability to change a person's attitude/behavior using power

question

Joseph Berger

answer

8 Diffuse Status characteristics that increase person's influence

question

leadership gendered area

answer

14 CEOs of 500 largest companies female

question

glass ceiling

answer

women advance rapidly at lower levels of corporate hierarchy but face greater obstacles at each higher level

question

executive pay

answer

when company performs well, executive pay goes up; when company performs poorly, executive pay will equally likely to go up or stay the same have to keep exec. if doing well to keep doing well OR have to keep exec. if doing poorly to get out of mess

question

2 principles of aggregation

answer

attenuation: marginal; similar characteristics have less effect augmentation: one contrasting characteristic has huge effect

question

two ingredients for increased influence

answer

high expected competence high expected motivation to help group succeed

question

Gender Effective Leadership (GEL) style

answer

puts together the social psychological elements for women and others w/low status characteristics to dramatically increase their influence and competitive advantage at work

question

how GEL works

answer

more education high performance be assertive present yourself

question

who GEL works for

answer

high status leaders but most for those who start with disadvantage

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