Social Psychology exam
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According to the foot-in-the-door principle, if you get someone to agree to a small request, he or she will a. later comply with a larger request. b. see himself or herself as altruistic and do similar favors for other people c. expect you to return the favor later. d. experience reactance and refuse requests for all later favors.
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later comply with a larger request.
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Several friends are working together in an effort to pull a car from a ditch. Yet each of them is probably not pulling as hard as possible, as a result of __________________. a. social loafing b. groupthink c. reverse facilitation d. social facilitation
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social loafing
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Bob expresses anti-gay values, so that other members of his group will accept him. This reason for heterosexism is called: a. defensive b. domination c. social expressive d. value expressive
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social expressive
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Joe lives in a neighborhood with many Hispanic neighbors. He has always acted very friendly toward his neighbors. However, recently when a tornado came down Joe's block, he became quite panicked and starting yelling racial slurs at his neighbors in order to get them out of his way, so he could get back to the safety of his house. This example is most consistent with which view of racism? a. aversive racism b. progressive racism c. retroactive racism d. regressive racism
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regressive racism
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________ is (are) the _________ portion of prejudice. a. discrimination; cognitive b. affect; discrimination c. stereotypes; affect d. stereotypes; cognitive
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stereotypes; cognitive
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Explaining away outgroup members positive behaviors and attributing negative behaviors to their dispositions is known as: a. the scapegoat theory of prejudice b. group-serving bias c. the just-world bias d. Gause's Law
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group-serving bias
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Which of the following is the best strategy for weeding out eyewitnesses who are just guessing? a. Compose a lineup of several people known to be innocent b. Compose a lineup of several suspects and dress them all alike c. Compose a lineup of several suspects who look very different from one another d. None of the above
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Compose a lineup of several people known to be innocent
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An automobile manufacturer who produces advertisements associating his cars with young attractive families enjoying picnics is most clearly using: a. central route persuasion b. social implosion c. two-step flow of communication d. peripheral route persuasion
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peripheral route persuasion
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Keela wants to persuade her parents to help pay for a study trip abroad this summer. She will have a more difficult time succeeding if a. her parents are forewarned of her intent to convince them b. she has the trip coordinator call to reassure them c. her parents are not particularly intelligent or analytical d. her parents have a moderate level of self-esteem
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her parents are forewarned of her intent to convince them
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Which of the following personality feature is associated with higher levels of obedience? a. internal locus of control b. external locus of control c. internal self-efficacy d. external self-efficacy
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external locus of control
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According to Myers, which of the following has been found to increase the likelihood of conformity? a. making private responses following group pressure b. making a public commitment prior to group pressure c. a divided group d. a cohesive group
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a cohesive group
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In his classic study of ________, Sherif had participants in groups call out estimates of the distance a small point of light appeared to move in a dark room. a. obedience b. group cohesiveness c. norm formation d. psychological reactance
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norm formation
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Research has found that people from _____________ cultures are more likely to conform than people from ___________ cultures. a. individualistic; collectivistic b. collectivistic; individualistic c. external; internal d. internal; external
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collectivistic; individualistic
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According to conformity research, a group's social power is deflated when it loses its a. agenda b. anonymity c. unanimity d. heterogeneity
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unanimity
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According to Fiske and Glick, ______________ sexism is a combination of protective paternalism, complementary gender differentiation and heterosexual intimacy. a. benevolent b. reverse c. hostile d. belief
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benevolent
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People who collect money for charities will often start off the charity collection bin with some of their own money. They reason that if people already see money in the charity collection bin that it will increase the likelihood that people will donate to the charity. This example most clearly demonstrates which of the following compliance techniques? a. consistency b. scarcity c. social proof d. reciprocity
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social proof
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Death qualified jurists are: a. more likely to convict in criminal trials than jurists who are not death qualified b. less likely to convict in criminal trials than jurists who are not death qualified c. just as likely to convict in criminal trials as jurists who are not death qualified d. none of the above
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more likely to convict in criminal trials than jurists who are not death qualified
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A computer manufacturer who produces advertisements comparing his product with other competing models on features and prices is most clearly using __________ route persuasion. a. central b. internal c. external d. peripheral
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central
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You are listening to two political candidates present their position on an issue. Candidate A speaks first and Candidate B speaks immediately after Candidate A. According to your text, which candidate is likely to have the most influence if you voted a week after hearing the two candidates? a. Candidate B because of the primacy effect b. Candidate A because of the primacy effect c. Candidate B because of the recency effect d. Candidate A because of the recency effect
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Candidate A because of the primacy effect
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Over time the impact of a message from a non-credible source may _____________, a phenomenon known as the ______________. a. decrease; sleeper effect b. increase; sleeper effect c. decrease: status effect d. increase; status effect
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increase; sleeper effect
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In Williams versus Florida (1970), the Supreme Court of the United States decided that a 10 guilty to a 2 not guilty split between members of a 12 person jury was equivalent to a 5 guilty to 1 not guilty split of a 6 person jury. The court had obviously NOT understood: a. Milgram's research on obedience b. Zimbardo's research on deindividuation c. Asch's research on conformity d. Petty and Cacioppo's research on persuasion
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Asch's research on conformity
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According to the distraction theory of social facilitation, the presence of others can cause arousal because one experiences a conflict between: a. wanting to perform well and wanting to complete the task b. one's social role and one's personal image c. paying attention to the task and paying attention to the other people d. following instructions and making one's own decisions
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paying attention to the task and paying attention to the other people
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Which of the following is the most important cause of groupthink? a. The group has a high level of cohesion. b. The leader uses a directive leadership style. c. The group is under a lot of decisional stress. d. The group makes the decision in isolation.
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The group has a high level of cohesion.
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The cross-racial bias means the tendency a. to identify people of a different race better than people of the same race. b. to identify people of the same race better than people of a different race. c. for the prosecutor to press charges against a person of the same race as the prosecutor more than a person of a different race. d. for the prosecutor to press charges against a person of a different race as the prosecutor more than a person of the same race.
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to identify people of the same race better than people of a different race
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A jury that is split with 6 people voting guilty and 6 people voting not guilty is likely to: a. acquit due to leniency b. convict due to the justice bias c. convict due to the conformity bias d. acquit due to false beliefs
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acquit due to leniency
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Pratkanis & Aronson (1992) used this term to describe how cults create an ingroup of followers and an outgroup of the unredeemed. It is called: a. Fallondragon b. Granfallon c. Outgroup decrement d. Ingroup superiority
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Granfallon
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compliance technique uses the sequence of a large request followed by a small request.
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Door in the face
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The current meaning of ___social facilitation________________ means
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"the strengthening of dominant (prevalent, likely) responses in the presence of others."
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The tendency to look at the gun during the commission of crime often reduces the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. This is called the
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weapon effect or focus
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"The belief that equal-status contact between the members of different groups will reduce prejudice" is called the __
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contact hypothesis
