Social Psychology ch. 1 quick quiz & vocab – Flashcards
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Social Psychology is the scientific study of _
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How people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by other people.
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Which of the following best describes scientific theories?
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Theories are scientific explanations that connect and organize existing observations.
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To say that social Psychology is the ultimate bridge discipline means that the field:
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Connects multiple perspectives on social behavior, from biology, anthropology, economics, and other disciplines.
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A(n) _ theorist would be relatively more interested in similarities between people in different societies, whereas a_ theorist would likely focus more on differences across societies.
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Evolutionary; Sociocultural
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According to the text, what is the connection between everyday goals (such as making an impression on the boss or a getting a date) and fundamental motives (such as gaining status or establishing social ties)?
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Fundamental goals link our everyday goals to their ultimate functions.
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which example demonstrates a person-situation interaction?
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Men are more likely to help in emergencies that require heroic action, whereas women are more likely to help when emotional support is needed.
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Which of the following are types of experimental methods?
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Field experiment.
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Which of these methods uncover correlations but do not establish the cause?
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Archival method, Naturalistic observation, Case studies and surveys.
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Which of these factors is a limitation of the experiment?
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Low external validiy
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As ice-cream consumption increases, the number of shark bites increases.
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Correlation without necessary causation.
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women who are highly satisfied with their partners spend less time noticing other attractive men.
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Correlation without necessary causation.
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Regions with a high number of churches also report a high rate of alcoholism.
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Correlation without necessary causation.
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Which of the following is not an ethical risk in social psychological research?
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Debriefing.
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Which of the following is true?
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Unlike environmental psychologists, social psychologists focus personality determinants of behavior.
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The study of virtuous behaviors and optimal group performance directly links social psychology with:
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Cognitive neuroscience
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Adaptation
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A characteristic that is well designed to help an animal survive and reproduce in a particular environment.
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Archival method
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Examination of systematic data originally collected for other purposes.
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Case study
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An intensive examination of an individual or a group.
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Confound
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A variable that changes along with the independent variable, leading to a mistaken conclusion about the effect of the independent variable.
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Correlation
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The extent to which two or more variables are associated with one another.
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Correlation coefficient
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A mathematical expression of the relationship between two variables.
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Culture
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The beliefs, customs, habit, and languages shared by the people living in a particular time and place.
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Debriefing
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A discussion of procedures, hypotheses, and participant reaction at the completion of the study.
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Demand characteristic
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Cue that makes participants aware of how the experimenter expects them to behave.
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Dependent variable
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the variable measured by the experimenter.
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Descriptive method
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Procedure for measuring or recording behaviors, thoughts, and feelings in their natural state.
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Evolutionary Perspective
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the causes of social behavior in the physical and psychological predispositions that helped our ancestors survive and reproduce.
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Experiment
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A research method in which the researcher sets out to systematically manipulate one source of influence while holding others constant.
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Experimental method
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Procedure for uncovering causal processes by manipulating some aspect of a situation.
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External validity
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the results of an experiment can be generalized to other circumstances.
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Field experimentation
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The manipulation of independent variables using unknowing participants in natural settings.
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Generalizability
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a particular research finding applies to other similar circumstances.
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Hypothesis
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A researcher's prediction about what he or she will find.
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Independent variable
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The variable manipulated by the experimenter.
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Internal validity
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an experiment allows confident statements about cause and effect.
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Natural selection
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The process whereby animals pass to their offspring those characteristics that help them survive and reproduce
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Naturalistic observation
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Recording everyday behaviors as they unfold in their natural setting.
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Observer bias
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Error introduced into measurement when an observer overemphasizes behaviors he or she expects to finds and fails to notice behaviors he or she does not expect.
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Person
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Features or characteristics that individuals carry into social situations.
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Psychological tests
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Instruments for assessing a person's abilities, cognition's or motivations.
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Random assignment
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The practice of assigning participants to treatments so each person has an equal chance of being in any condition.
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Reliablity
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The consistency of the score yielded by a psychological test.
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Situation
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Environmental events that occur outside the person.
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Social cognitive perspective
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paying attention to, interpreting and remembering social experiences.
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Social desirability bias
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The tendency for people to say what they believe is appropriate or acceptable.
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Social learning perspective
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past learning experiences as determinants of a person's social behaviors.
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Social norms
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A rule or expectation for appropriate social behavior.
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Social Psychology
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The scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by other people.
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Sociocultural perspective
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The view that a person's prejudices, preferences and political persuasions are affected by a larger social group.
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Survey method
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A technique in which the researcher simply asks respondents a series of questions about their behaviors,beliefs, or opinions.
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Theory
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Scientific explanation that connects and organizes existing observations and suggests fruitful paths for future research.
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Validity
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a test measures what is designed to measure.
