Social Psychology Answers – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Cognitive Component, Emotional Component, Behavioral Component
answer
ABC's of attitudes
question
thoughts and beleifs about attitudinal object
answer
Cognitive Component
question
feelings toward attitudinal object
answer
emotional component
question
predisposition to act towards attitudinal object
answer
behavioral component
question
protect one's personal freedom. Reactance often increases resistance to persuasion and can produce negative attitude change or opposite to what was intended. Ex-Few of us like to be told what to do so we react and go directly opposite of what they wanted us to believe
answer
Reactance
question
-prior knowledge of persuasion. Advance knowledge that one is about to become the target of an attempt at persuasion. Forewarning often increases resistance to the persuasion that follows
answer
Forewarning
question
When we know that a speech is designed to alter our views , we are often less likely to be affected by it than if we had no idea
answer
example of forewarning
question
To screen out contradictory information. Such avoidance increases resistance to persuasion. People tune out, channel surf or turn off the tv when something against their attitude is on. But also , when interested, they give their full attention
answer
selective avoidance
question
lizzie turning off the tv with the animal cruelty commercials
answer
ex of selective avoidance
question
-we actively counterargue against views that are contrary to our own. By doing so, it makes the opposing views more memorable than they would be otherwise, but reduces the impact they have on our attitudes
answer
Generate counterarguments
question
challenging one's views increases resistance-self generated.
answer
inoculation
question
injecting someone with a small dose of the disease so they become immune to it
answer
ex of inoculation
question
percieve information that disconfirms our views as less reliable
answer
Biased assimilation
question
interpret mixed evidence in ways that strengthen existing views
answer
Attitude polarization
question
an internal state that results when individuals notice inconsistensy between two or more attitudes or between their attitudes and their behavior
answer
Cognitive Dissonance
question
Neighbor gets a new SUV and asks what you think of it. You say "its nice" even though you acutally think they are gas guzzlers and polluters. You now feel uncomfortable because you are aware that your behavior and attitude were inconsistent with this issue
answer
ex of cognitive dissonance
question
being worried about what others would think of you if you expressed your true attitude toward an issue
answer
situational constraint
question
A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling, or how they are responding (e.g. not asking questions in class because assuming that everyone else understands)
answer
Pluralistic ignorance
question
Private attitudes of heavy alcohol consumptions were generally negative. But students beleived that other students attitudes were more positive than your own. When they were in a discussion about alcohol they expressed greater comfort with campus drinking
answer
ex of pluralistic ignorance
question
A theory suggesting that persuasion can occur in either two distinct ways, differing in the amount of cognitive effort or elaboration it requires
answer
Elaboration-liklihood model
question
Processing of info in a persuasive message that involves careful consideration of message content and ideas
answer
Systematic Processing
question
attitude change resulting from systematic processing of info presented in persuasive message
answer
Central route to persuasion
question
Processing of information in a persuasive message that involves the use of simple rules of thumb or mental shortcuts
answer
Heuristic Processing
question
the process by which a person DOES NOT THINK carefully about a communication and is influenced instead by superficial cues.
answer
Peripheral route to persuasion
question
process through which we acquire new info, forms of behavior, or attitudes from other people
answer
social learning
question
learning based on association
answer
SL- classical conditioning
question
beer commercials paired with beautiful women
answer
ex of classical conditioning
question
without awareness, classical conditioning that occurs in the abscence of conscious awareness of the stimuli involved
answer
subliminal conditioning
question
Learning to hold the "right views." Process of reward and punishments tied to our attitudes and actions
answer
sl-instrumental conditioning
question
children are repeadetly told that cheating is bad. So when they are asked about it they automatically say its bad
answer
sl-ex of instrumental conditioning
question
basic form of learning in which individuals acquire new forms of behavior as a result of observing others
answer
sl-Observational learning
question
having seen an object before, but not remembering having seen it--can result in attitude formation
answer
Mere exposure
question
Using other people as a basis of comparison for evaluating oneself.
answer
social comparison
question
inherited general dispositions
answer
Genetic factors
question
High twin concordance and gut level preferences are potential illustrations
answer
ex of genetic factors
question
an individuals attitudes about different objects must balance their valence (combining powers) across objects. must be balanced!
answer
Heiders balance theory
question
attitudes do not alwayas predict behavior
answer
A-B link
question
all businesses served chinese couples coutreously , yet most owners held negative attitudes
answer
ex of A-B link
question
Sun worshipers-people who like to tan know the dangers of exposure to the sun, yet they tan anyways
answer
ex of A-B link 2
question
origins, value conflict, strength, specificity
answer
aspects of attitude that might moderate A-B link
question
how attitudes were formed.
answer
origins
question
two attitudes might be active at the same time
answer
value conflict
question
importance vested interest accessibility
answer
strength
question
general vs. specific. If question asked is too broad it makes the attitudes behavior hard to see
answer
Specificity
question
describes how people rationally calculate the costs and benefits of engaging in a particular action and think carefully about how others will view the behavior under consideration
answer
theory of reasoned action
question
efforts to change our attitudes through the use of various kinds of messages
answer
persuasion
question
intergroup context, attraction to the ingroup interdependency beleifs depersonalization
answer
4 dimensions of social identity
question
relationship between ones in group and other comparisons in group
answer
intergoup context
question
affect elicited (to cause or produce) by ones ingroup
answer
attraction to the ingroup
question
norms and values that regulate the behavior of group members as they pursue common goals and share a common fate
answer
Interdependcy beleifs
question
perceiving oneself simply as an interchangeable examole of a social category rather than as a unique person
answer
depersonalization
question
a schema consisting of a collection of self beleifs and self perceptions
answer
self concept
question
subjective self awareness-objective self awareness-symbolic self awareness
answer
three kinds of awareness related to self concept
question
organism differentiates itself from enviornment (happens most in animals)
answer
subjective self awareness
question
A state of mind in which individuals consider how they appear to others & are conscious of being evaluated. **organisms capacity to be the object of its own attention (looking in the mirror)
answer
objective self awareness
question
organisms ability to form an abstract concept of self though language, ability to think about self and use language to represent others
answer
symbolic self awareness
question
people process self relevant info better than non self relevant info. Oft, if something pertains to you we tend to remember it more.
answer
Self reference effect
question
elaborative processing-categorical processing
answer
Why self reference effect happens
question
easier to connect new info with existing info stored in memory
answer
elaborative processing
question
self relebant material is well organized ( pre existing filing system)
answer
categorical processing
question
social self consists of a collective identity derived from interpersonal relationships and membership in specific groups
answer
how culture and self concept are related
question
private self-public self-collective self-possible selves
answer
Types of selves
question
I am a funny person
answer
private self
question
most people think I am funny-your recognition of how people treat you
answer
public self
question
In my group, I am the funny one. What people think about you in a specific way
answer
collective self
question
I hope to be a writer or comedian. Ex- William Hung
answer
possible selves
question
image of how we might be in the future
answer
text possible selves
question
the degree to which we perceive ourselves positively or negatively-our overall attitude towards ourselves. Can me meausred implicitly or explicitly
answer
self esteem
question
Theory that we seek to evaluate our beliefs, attitudes, and abilities by comparing our reactions with others'
answer
social comparison theory
question
a comparison of the self to another who does less well than us or is inferior to us
answer
downward social comparison
question
compare your ability to solve puzzles with a child..you will prob feel really good about yourself
answer
ex of downward social comparison
question
a comparison of the self to another who does better than us or is superior
answer
upward social comparison
question
if you compare your performance on the same task to a puzzle expert you might not fare so well and not feel so good about yourself
answer
ex of upward social comparison
question
your identity as it is experienced with regard to your individuality as male or female
answer
Gender identity
question
sex typed-reverse typed-androgynous-undifferentiated
answer
4 types of gender identification measured by the BEM
question
masculine and feminine
answer
androgynous
question
aschematic to gender stereotypes
answer
undifferentiated
question
masculine men and feminine females
answer
sex typed
question
masculine females and feminine men
answer
sex reversed
question
persons who have external genitalia associated with one sex but feel like a memeber of the other sex (feels like a woman trapped in a mans body)
answer
transsexual
question
people whos visual appearance and behavior transition from the societal norms and expectations for their assigned gender to the OTHER gender. Male to female
answer
transgender
question
a term generally used by individuals who reject traditional gender binaries. refers to different experiences of gender
answer
genderqueer
question
present as male and female alternately
answer
genderqueer ect...
question
intrapersonal-acculturation-a change in the cultural behavior and thinking of a person or group of people through contact with another culture
answer
conceptual landscape for how race is studied-non white-intrapersonal
question
reactions to prejudice , discrimination
answer
landscape for how race is studied-non white-interpersonal
question
awareness of privilege
answer
conceptual landscape for how race is studied-white-intrapersonal
question
motivations to not be prejudice
answer
conceptual landscape of how race is studied-white-interpersonal
question
they argue that psychologists should study individual definitions of the category "race"
answer
Tate and Audettes position on how race is studied
question
self perception as heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual.asexual
answer
sexual orientation identity
question
sweeping generalizations of social groups that strongly influence social thought
answer
stereotype
question
seeing the relationship one expects in a set of data even when no such relationship exists. This bias can be caused by, among other things, an event that stands out as unique. For example, "The only time I forget my pencil is when we have a test" This is most likely an illusory correlation (unless the speaker is very, very, unlucky). It could be caused by only a few other pencil-less tests, which stand out particularly well in the memory.
answer
illusory correlation
question
individuals see members of their own group as being relatively more varied than members of other groups. Outgroup percieved all the same, therefore easier to judge against them
answer
outgroup homogeneity
question
in group members seen as more diverse. (where pretty different from eachother)
answer
ingroup heterogeneity
question
some have found evidence or perceptions that ingroup members are all "alike" especially when differentiating ingroup from outgroup
answer
ingroup homogeneity effect
question
participants aware of their attitude
answer
explicit measurement
question
participants unaware of their attitudes
answer
implicit measurement
question
negative emotional responses based on group membership
answer
prejudice
question
negative behaviors directed toward members of some social group
answer
discrimination
question
a procedure that fools people into revealing their true attitudes. Example phony lie detector.
answer
Bogus pipeline
question
the view that increased contact between members of various social groups can be effective in reducing prejudice between them, The idea that stereotypes and prejudice toward a group will diminish as contact with the group increases.
answer
contact hypothesis
question
simply knowing that members of in group have formed friendships with the outgroup may reduce prejudice
answer
extended contact hypothesis
question
old fashioned sexism , includes overt denigration and negative stereotypes of women ( women should be barefoot and pregnant)
answer
Hostile sexism
question
modern sexism-includes overtly positive but dimunutive stereotypes of women. (women should be put on a pedestal)
answer
Benevolent sexism
question
any form of unwanted sexual attention
answer
sexual harrassment
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New