Social Psych 10-130 – Flashcards
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After arguing with her boyfriend over the telephone, Roberta smashes down the receiver and then throws the phone across the room. This behavior most clearly demonstrates a.Parkinson's second law. b.instrumental aggression. c.the weapons effect. d. displacement.
answer
displacement
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Arthur did not work very hard on his last class essay assignment, so he was relieved at first to find that he had gotten a C. But when he learned that most of his classmates had gotten Bs and As, he felt unhappy and angry about his grade. Arthur's experience is best explained in terms of a. adaptation-level phenomenon b. the relative deprivation principle c. displacement d. parkinson's second law
answer
b. the relative deprivation principle
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Your boss told you that she is giving you a 5 percent raise starting with your next paycheck. You are very pleased to hear this good news until you learn that some of your coworkers earned a 10 percent raise. Now you are unhappy and angry about your raise. Your experience is best explained in terms of a.displacement. b.the relative deprivation principle. c. Parkinson's second law. d. the adaptation-level phenomenon.
answer
b. the relative deprivation principle
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Jason instigates more and more fights with younger children on the school playground because it gains him the attention and respect of his friends. This most clearly suggests that his aggression is: a. instinctive. b. learned response. c. the result of displacement. d. the result of frustration.
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b. a learned response
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In a famous experiment by Albert Bandura and his colleagues, children watched an adult attack a Bobo doll with a mallet. They were then shown some toys that they were forbidden to play with. When they were taken to another room, they a. chose to watch a violent rather than a nonviolent film. b.attacked a Bobo doll. c. began to cry.
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b. attacked the bobo doll
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10. Adam frequently plays violent video games. Social psychologists would predict that Adam would therefore be likely to frequently a. get into fights. b. listen to rap music. c. access pornography.
answer
a. get into fights
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Physical or verbal behavior intended to cause harm is known as a. aggression. b. instrumental aggression. c. both hostile and instrumental aggression. d. hostile aggression.
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a. aggression
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A motivation to bond with others in relationships that provide ongoing, positive interactions is the definition of a.affiliative predisposition. b. association anxiety. c.the need to belong. d. the need for attachment.
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c. the need to belong
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You feel obligated to vote in the next election, especially because you are usually the first one to complain about the incumbent president. However, you have not had the time to research the positions taken by the candidates. Social psychologists would confidently predict that you are likely to choose the candidate a. whom you find physically attractive. b.whose name you have heard most often. c.who resembles someone you like. d. who resembles someone you know.
answer
b. whose name you have heard most often
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3. Research has shown that we guess _______ people are happier, sexually warmer, more outgoing, and successful. a.friendly b. funny c.beautiful d. intelligent
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c. beautiful
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Kalick (1977) had Harvard students indicate their impressions of eight women, judging from photos taken before or after cosmetic surgery, and found that a. post-surgery women were judged to be more independent and insensitive. b. post-surgery women were judged to be kinder and more likable. c. pre-surgery women were judged to be more intelligent and competent. d. pre-surgery women were judged to be more genuine, honest, and appealing.
answer
b. post surgery women were judged to be kinder and more likable
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Kenrick and his colleagues (1989) found that to men who have recently been viewing a television show featuring three beautiful women, average women seem _______ attractive, confirming the _______. a. more; contrast effect b.more; mere exposure effect c.less; contrast effect d. less; mere exposure effect
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c. less; contrast effect
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6. According to research on the contrast effect, who is most likely to feel less attractive after viewing a dominant and successful person of the same sex? a.racial/ethnic majorities b.women c. racial/ethnic minorities d.men
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d. men
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Research by Aronson and Linder (1965) suggested that more often than not, we like people more if they a.reverse an earlier criticism and come to evaluate us positively. b.consistently evaluate us positively. c. consistently give us constructive criticism. d. consistently give us ingratiating feedback.
answer
a. reverse an earlier criticism and come to evaluate us positively
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According to the text, the first step in scientifically studying romantic love is to a.define and measure it. b.control all other factors that might influence it. c.manipulate it. d.study the factors that might influence it.
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a. define and measure it
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In Rubin's research, "strong-love" couples differed from "weak-love" couples in that they a.gazed more into each other's eyes. b.smiled less at each other. c.displayed more jealousy. d.talked more to each other.
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a. gazed more into each other's eyes
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In studies at the University of Maryland, Clark and Mills found that tit-for-tat exchanges _______ people's liking for each other when _______. a.diminished; their relationship was relatively forma b.boosted; they sought true friendship c.diminished; they sought true friendship d.had no effect on; they sought true friendship
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d. dimished; they sought true friendship
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The motive to increase another's welfare without conscious regard for one's self-interests defines a. the social responsibility norm. b.egoism. c.altruism. d.the social-exchange theory.
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c. altruism
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The notion that humans interact in such a way as to minimize costs and maximize rewards to the self is referred to as a.the social-exchange theory. b.the reciprocity norm. c. egoism.
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a. the social exchange theory
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You are asked to participate in a blood drive. In thinking about doing so, you weigh the costs (e.g., being pricked by a needle) and benefits (e.g., feeling good about yourself) of doing so. This strategy can be predicted by the a.social responsibility norm. b. social comparison theory. c. empathy-altruism hypothesis. d. social-exchange theory.
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d. social exchange theory
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The opposite of altruism is a.egoism. b.apathy. c.selfishness. d.antipathy.
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a. egoism
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The notion of egoism maintains that a.the healthy personality has a strong ego. b.self-esteem is a more important motive than social approval. c.our self-concept is determined by others' evaluation of us. d. self-interest motivates all behavior.
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d. self-interest motivates all behavior
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When people need our help, we are most likely to provide assistance if we attribute their need to a.a lack of motivation. b.their mood or disposition. c. circumstances beyond their control.
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c. circumstances beyond their control
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Research on gender and helping norms revealed that _______ offered more help when the persons in need were females, and _______ offered help equally to males and females. a.women; men b.men; women c.younger men; older women d.older men; younger women
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b.men; women
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Latané and Darley (1968) had university students complete questionnaires in a small room, and then had smoke pour into the room from a wall vent. Students who were working _______ tended to notice the smoke in _______. A.on a challenging task; about 20 seconds b.on a rote task; less than five seconds c. in groups; less than five seconds d. alone; less than five seconds.
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d. alone; less than five seconds
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Altruism researcher Daniel Batson reported that empathy-induced altruism a. lowers cooperation. b.is always helpful. c. can feed favoritism, injustice, and indifference. d.does not inhibit aggression.
answer
c. can feed favoritism, injustice, and indifference
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Conflict is defined as a.dissatisfaction with relationship outcomes. b.perceived incompatibility of actions or goals. c.hostility that results from frustrating interaction. d.competition for mutually exclusive goals.
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a. perceived incompatibility of action or goals
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The outcome of creatively managed conflict is a.peace. b.satisfaction. c.accord. d.compliance.
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a. peace
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Pursuing one's self-interest to the collective detriment of one's community or society is the central pattern in a.perceived injustice. b.mirror-image perception. c.a social dilemma. d.the jigsaw problem.
answer
a. social dilemma
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Equity exists when a.group members decide among themselves how rewards should be distributed. b.rewards are distributed in relation to individuals' needs or deservingness. c.rewards are distributed in proportion to individuals' contributions. d.partners share equally in the rewards of collective effort.
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c. rewards are distributed in proportion to individuals; contribution
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What does your text refer to as the "golden rule" of social justice? a."Care most for those in greatest need." b."Whoever has the gold makes the rules." c."Equity for strangers, equality for friends." d."An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth."
answer
b. whoever has the gold makes the rules
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When we think we are interested in knowing someone and think about approaching them, especially someone from outside our racial or social group, we assume our body language will show our interest. This is an example of all of the following EXCEPT a.people often underestimate the transparency of their feelings. b.worry about rejection. c.social misperceptions. d.the "illusion of transparency."
answer
a. people often underestimate the transparency of their feelings
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Desegregation could be expected to have poor results when contacts were competitive, unsupported by authorities, and unequal. Contact should be _____. a.long-term b.unequal in status c.equal in status d.short-term
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c. equal in status
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After their town was ravaged by a disastrous tornado, two rival community groups set aside their differences and worked together on repairing the damage. This cooperation best illustrates the importance of a.superordinate goals. b.the GRIT strategy. c.mediation. d.the jigsaw technique.
answer
a. superordiante goals
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Aronson's jigsaw technique involved having elementary school children a. take turns telling each other about their family backgrounds in small-group discussions. b.study in small, racially mixed teams and then compete with other teams in a class tournament. c.form academically and racially diverse groups, with each member of the group becoming an expert in one area. d.role-play being members of another race for two-week periods.
answer
c. form academically and racially diverse groups..
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Ahmed and Fatima, two teenage siblings, are fighting over the evening newspaper. Knowing Ahmed only wants the sports section and Fatima only wants the latest stock quotations, their mother takes the paper and gives each the section containing their news of interest. In this case the mother arrived at a(n) a.enlightened consensus. b.integrative agreement. c.cooperative settlement. d.mutual compromise.
answer
b. integrative agreement
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