Social Problems — Chapter One — Eitzen, 13th Edition – Flashcards
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subjective nature of social problems
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social problems differ by audience and by time
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objective reality of social problems
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there are conditions in a society, like poverty and institutionalized racism, that induce physical or mental suffering
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deviant behavior
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actions that violate the norms of a social organization
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institutionalized deviance
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exists when society and formal organizations are not meeting the needs of the individual
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social problems
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(1) societally induced conditions that cause physical or mental suffering for any segment of the population and (2) acts and conditions that violate the norms and values found in a society
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sociological imagination
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(1) it is stimulated by a willingness to view the social world from the perspective of others (2) involves focusing on the social, economic, and historical circumstances that produce the social problem (3) requires detachment from assumptions about social life and establishing a critical distance
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person-blame
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view that the deviants are the problem; the assumption that social problems result from the pathologies of individuals
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system-blame
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view that the deviants are the victims; the system is the problem; the assumption that social problems result from social conditions
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recidivism
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reinvolvement in crime
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social Darwinism
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the belief that the place of people in the stratification system is a function of their ability and effort
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sociological theory
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a set of ideas that explains a range of human behavior and a variety of social and societal events
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value neutrality
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to be absolutely free of bias
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sample
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a representative part of a population
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variable
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an attitude, behavior, or condition that can vary in magnitude and significance from case to case
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longitudinal survey
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the collection of information about the same persons over many years
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control group
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the subjects not exposed to the independent variable
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experimental group
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the subjects exposed to the independent variable
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dependent variable
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the variable that is influenced by the effect of another variable
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independent variable
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a variable that affects another variable
