SOC Test 1 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
________ is something scientists strive for and is defined as "personal neutrality in conducting research." Objectivity Reliability Accuracy Validity
answer
Objectivity
question
What is positivism? an approach to knowledge that is based on science the belief that society is a reflection of God's will the belief in the supernatural the belief that society is a reflection of human nature
answer
an approach to knowledge that is based on science
question
If Rosa is using the sociological approach that takes the micro-level of analysis, then she is using the ________ approach to sociology. racial-conflict structural-functional symbolic-interaction social-conflict
answer
Symbolic-interaction
question
A sociologist who takes the critical approach sees society as __________. a representation of objective reality an orderly system unequal and in need of social change ongoing interaction
answer
unequal and in need of social change
question
Sociologists look for __________. biological causes of our behavior how each person is unique evidence of human free-will general social patterns in the behavior of particular people
answer
general social patterns in the behavior of particular people
question
Caroline and several of her coworkers were let go as a result of outsourcing their work to India. Now, Caroline is unemployed for the first time in 15 years. C. Wright Mills would see Caroline's situation as a result of __________. her lack of dedication to the job personal failing a positive consequence of outsourcing the operation of society
answer
The operation of society
question
One criticism made of the social-conflict approach is its __________. ignoring the large picture and focusing on individuals ignoring of how shared values unify members of society its inability to clearly identify cause-and-effect relationships between conflict and social change its focus on how people are joined by society
answer
ignoring of how shared values unify members of society
question
Positivist researchers claim that only by controlling ________ can researchers study the world as it is rather than tell us how they think it should be. all dependent variables personal values and biases all independent variables peer response to work
answer
personal values and biases
question
To determine the value of a variable in a specific case, a procedure called _______ is used. positivism validation pre-testing measurement
answer
measurement
question
The race-conflict approach takes a point of view that focuses on __________. how race helps organize society and keeps it operating in a stable and orderly way inequality and conflict between people of different racial and ethnic categories the everyday interaction of individuals and the resulting society that is established inequality and conflict between women and men of the same race
answer
inequality of conflict between people of different racial and ethnic categories
question
Applying the sociological perspective can help people __________. assess the truth of "common sense" explain how we all are unaffected by the operation of society turn public issues into private concerns in the United States see our way of life as better than those of other nations
answer
assess the truth of 'common sense'
question
A social-conflict analysis of sports points out __________. how sports promote physical fitness and provide a stress release how different people interpret the rules of games slightly differently that the games people play reflect their social standing that sports provide a social setting and create thousands of jobs
answer
that the games people play reflect their social standing
question
Which are the three major sociological research orientations? positivist, interpretive, and critical reliable, valid, and spurious structural-functional, social-conflict, and symbolic-interaction conceptual, variable, and statistical
answer
positivist, interpretive, and critical
question
For which category of people have researchers found a rising rate of extramarital sex over the course of recent decades? older men younger women older women younger men
answer
younger women
question
When a sociologist specifies exactly what is to be measured before assigning a value to a variable, he or she is said to ________ the variable. operationalize conceptualize validate test
answer
operationalize
question
Winnie is a sociological researcher who participates and interacts with her research subjects. She looks deeper than outward behavior, analyzing why people behave the way they do. Winnie embraces the _______ orientation of sociological research. critical interpretive structural-functional positivist
answer
interpretive
question
Kareem writes an essay in which he quotes Auguste Comte, Emile Durkheim, and Herbert Spencer. Kareem is most likely writing about the ________ theoretical approach. gender-conflict structural-functional social-conflict symbolic-interaction
answer
structural-functional
question
Seeing the general in the particular is one way to describe __________. the sociological perspective the future how people look at their marriage partners the global perspective
answer
the sociological perspective
question
Generating an idea for social research begins with __________. correlation and causation experimenting and collecting data being curious and using the sociological perspective theory and its application
answer
being curious and using the sociological perspective
question
Because Claudia's interview subjects believed it was improper for an unmarried woman to speak privately with a man, the information she gathered was skewed by her gender. This is an example of the research error of __________. androcentricity interference double standards overgeneralization
answer
interference
question
To establish ________, scientists examine the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable and conclude that the first causes the second. spurious correlation validity cause and effect correlation
answer
cause and effect
question
Joyce is a clinical sociologist. She would most likely work to improve the lives of her troubled clients by focusing on __________. personality disorders difficulties in social relationships poor physical health people's personal issues
answer
difficulties in social relationships
question
The concept of a distinct category of people called "homosexuals" ______. was first introduced by the Kinsey studies in the 1940s did not exist until about a century ago originated during the sexual revolution of the 1960s dates back to ancient Greece
answer
did not exist until about a century ago
question
How would the structural-functional approach explain the presence of the incest taboo in all societies? The regulation of sexual patterns is one of the ways in which men control and dominate women. The meanings people attach to sexuality are socially constructed and not subject to change. Sexuality is linked to social inequality; since incest is more common among the poor, society has deemed it taboo. Society regulates sexual behavior in order to maintain social order.
answer
Society regulates sexual behavior in order to maintain social order
question
According to the social-conflict approach, sexuality __________. is both a cause and an effect of inequality has become less socially controlled over time has a different meaning in every culture is tied to the concept of reproduction
answer
is both a cause and an effect of inequality
question
Marty believes that, by defining heterosexuality as "correct" and homosexuality as "incorrect," society effectively devalues and controls gays and lesbians. Which of sociology's theoretical approaches is Marty taking? social-conflict structural-functional feminist symbolic-interaction
answer
Social-conflict
question
Sexual attraction is not the same thing as sexual behavior. True False
answer
True
question
What is the difference between sex and gender? Gender refers to a person's biological traits, while sex refers to a person's sexual orientation. Sex is cultural, while gender is biological. Gender is cultural, while sex refers to biological traits. Gender refers to a person's sexual orientation, while sex refers to a person's biological traits.
answer
Gender is cultural, while sex refers to biological traits
question
The theoretical approach that explores ways in which sexuality is important for the operation of society is the __________ approach. structural-functional social-conflict feminist symbolic-interaction
answer
structural-functional
