SOC Chapter 7 – Flashcards
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The chapter-opening story of the McDonald's organization explains:
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that the guiding principles of McDonald's have come to dominate our social life.
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What do sociologists call two or more people who identify and interact with one another?
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a social group
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What is the correct sociological term for all people with a common status, such as "college students."
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a category
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A temporary, loosely formed collection of people who may or may not interact is a:
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crowd
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Imagine you are watching several dozen passengers sitting in an airport gate area waiting to board a plane. These people are an example of a:
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crowd
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Which of the following is every society's most important primary group?
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the family
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A secondary group is a social group that:
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is impersonal and engages in some specific activity.
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Read the list of traits below. Which of these traits is NOT a characteristic of secondary groups?
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personal orientation
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In general, we see the _______ as a means to an end; we see the _____ as an end in itself.
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secondary group; primary group
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What is the term for group leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks?
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instrumental leadership
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Which concept refers to group leadership that emphasizes collective well-being?
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expressive leadership
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You are part of a task force with a group leader who has a distant relationship with group members and who is concerned with getting the job done. Which type of leader does your task force have?
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an instrumental leader
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In your group, the leader is skillful at using humor to reduce tension and to lighten serious moments. Which type of leader does your group have?
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an expressive leader
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What type of leader downplays their own power, letting the group function more or less on its own?
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laissez-faire leaders
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Which of the following statements is consistent with the findings of Solomon Asch?
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Many people are willing to compromise their own judgment to avoid being seen as different by others.
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Stanley Milgram's research, in which subjects used a "shock generator," showed:
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people are surprisingly likely to follow the orders of not only real authority figures but also groups of ordinary individuals
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Which of the following illustrates the operation of groupthink?
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Group members seek consensus, discouraging people from speaking freely, and end up making a decision based on limited information.
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Which of the following concepts refers to a social group that people use as a point of reference in making evaluations or decisions?
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reference group
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Which type of social group commands a member's esteem and loyalty?
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an in-group
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The concept "triad" refers to which of the following?
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a social group with three members
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Formal organizations are:
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large secondary groups with a goal orientation.
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Which type of formal organization is sometimes called a "voluntary association"?
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normative organizations
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Which type of formal organization do people join to obtain money and other material benefits?
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utilitarian organization
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The concept "bureaucracy" refers to:
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an organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently
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What is Robert Merton's term for a preoccupation with rules and regulations to the point of keeping an organization from accomplishing its goals?
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bureaucratic ritualism
