soc chapter 5 – Flashcards
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Graduate, degrees, skills ect
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Achieved
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transcends all other status, it is your identifier
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Master
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Given: race, gender, ect
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Ascribed
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group of which an individual or another group is compared to
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Reference groups
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Behavior expected of a status regarding another status
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Roles
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The expected behavior and output of a role
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Role expectations
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How one performs their role
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Role performance
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The range of tasks within a social system
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Division of labor
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a group of people who temporarily share the same physical space but do not associate themselves with each other
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aggregate group
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people who share similar characteristics. ie. men in college, women under 5 feet
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category
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A small social group whose members share close, personal relationships
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Primary group
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large groups whose relationships are impersonal and goal oriented, temporary
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Secondary group
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Group of people that may leave or join freely that is free of external control
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Voluntary organization
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A social system organized around specific goals and usually consisting of several interrelated groups or subsystems
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Formal organization
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A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than elected representatives
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Bureaucracies
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Very Analytical, synthesizes workflow, its main objective is to improve efficiency and labor productivity
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Scientific Management
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An approach based on the idea of human needs and human values
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Humanistic Management
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A social structure made up of a set of social actors (individuals or organizations) and a set of dyadic ties between those actors
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Social Network
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- Demonstrated the effect that groups think has on individuals - When there was no pressure to conform to the group the error rate of selecting the correct line was less than 1% - When there was pressure to conform ¾ of people chose the wrong answer which was the groups answer
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Asch's Study of Group membership and pressure
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- Demonstrated the willingness of a participant to obey an authority figure - That figure instructed them to perform acts conflicting with their personal conscience - Even though participants were uncomfortable administering a shock to people they mostly obeyed
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Milgram's teacher-learner experiments
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- Hierarchy of authority - Chain of command Formal power structure and informal - Division of labor - Impersonal - Rules and procedures efficient - Qualification based hiring
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Webster's Ideal Type
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Occurs when a group of people, in desire to achieve a goal, result in making irrational decisions for an outcome
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Groupthink
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To be reasonable, based on factors or reason
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Rationality
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- Movement from traditional to rational models of thought - Scientific management
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Ritzer's McDonaldization of society
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The substitution by an organization of the goal or goals which it was established to serve for other goals
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Goal Displacement
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The tendency of workers in a bureaucracy to become so specialized that they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems
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Trained incapacity
