SOC-210 Notes – Flashcards
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manifest functions
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The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to as?
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sample
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A small number of people that are used to represent a much larger population is called a?
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high-income nations
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The United States falls within which category of the world's nations?
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how society actually operates
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Sociology differs from the older discipline of philosophy by focusing on?
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human behavior may be patterned, but it is also spontaneous
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Sociologists cannot identify "laws of society" that allow us to precisely predict the behavior of an individual because?
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middle-income nations
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Countries in which average people's income is typical for the world as a whole and in which people are as likely to live in a rural area as in an urban area are categorized as
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a spurious correlation
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An apparent, although false, association between two variables that is caused by a third variable is called
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race
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W.E.B. Du Bois claimed that _____ was the major problem facing the United States during the twentieth century.
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Auguste Comte
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The term "sociology" was coined in 1838 by?
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hypothesis
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"A statement of a possible relationship between two or more variables" is the definition of which concept?
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theory
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A statement that explains how and why specific facts are related is called a(n)?
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the rise of the industrial economy and growth of cities
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Among the historical changes that stimulated the development of sociology as a discipline was?
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social structure
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Which concept is used to describe relatively stable patterns of social behavior?
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focuses on the meaning people attach to behavior
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Interpretive sociology refers to sociology that
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about 1900
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When did sociology become established as an academic discipline in the United States?
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one or more theoretical approaches
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In deciding what kinds of questions to ask in their research, sociologists are guided by?
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the median
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What term refers to the value that occurs midway in a series of numbers (that is, the middle case)?
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white males
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In the United States today, the suicide rate is highest for which of the following?
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theory
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A statement that explains how and why specific facts are related is called a(n)?
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a survey
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Which research method asks subjects to respond to a series of items in a questionnaire or an interview?
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A police officer understands which categories of people are at high risk of becoming victims of crime.
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Which of the following statements best illustrates the career advantage a person gains by studying sociology?
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important for college students because most new U.S. jobs involve international trade
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Gaining a global understanding is?
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Typically, a person marries someone of similar social position.
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What might a sociologist say about people's selection of marriage partners?
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experiencing many social changes
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We would expect the sociological perspective to be most likely to develop in a place that was?
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W.E.B. Du Bois
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Which early sociologist received the first doctorate ever awarded by Harvard University to a person of color?
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most patterns of behavior are caused by many factors
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It is difficult to establish all the cause-and-effect relationships in a social situation because?
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theological stage
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Comte described the earliest human societies as being at which stage of historical development?
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Jane Addams
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Which pioneering sociologist founded Chicago's Hull House to assist immigrants and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize?
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high-income nations
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The nations of Western Europe, Israel, Japan, and Australia fall into which category of countries?
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an experiment
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What research method was used in Philip Zimbardo's study, the "Stanford County Prison"?
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France
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Sociology first appeared as a formal discipline in
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structural-functional approach
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The theoretical approach in sociology that assumes society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the
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Emile Durkheim
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The pioneering sociologist who studied patterns of suicide in Europe was?
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latent functions
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Unrecognized and unintended consequences of a social pattern are called?
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gather data or facts
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To evaluate a theory using evidence, sociologists.....?
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the race-conflict approach
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Which theoretical approach would highlight the fact that, on average, African American families have less income than white families?
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patterns of social inequality
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The social-conflict approach draws attention to?
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theory
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If we state that children raised in single-parent families are at high risk of being single parents themselves, we have constructed a(n)_____ of family life.
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try to adopt a stance of personal neutrality toward the outcome of the research
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The ideal of objectivity means that a researcher must?
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more serious in poorer countries
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Social problems in the United States, such as poverty and gender inequality, are?
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personal problems into public issues
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Wright Mills claimed that the "sociological imagination" transformed what?
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