SOC 210: Ch. 11 politics – Flashcards
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In which society did trading centers first develop that turned into cities?
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agricultural society
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What is an organization that solicits contributions from many donors and then uses the money to influence legislation?
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political action committee
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What system is designed to eliminate competition by selling goods at predetermined prices regardless of the demand for the product or the cost to make it?
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socialism
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In a capitalist economy, who or what determines the price of goods?
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market forces
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What is the entity that claims a monopoly on legitimate force or violence?
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the government or state
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What are the three essential components of socialism?
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-central planning, -public ownership of the means of production -distribution without profit motive
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Which of the following platforms would a dedicated Democrat most likely embrace?
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legislation that transfers income from the rich to poor and controls wages, working conditions, and competition
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John F. Kennedy had a combination of types of leadership. Although he was the president of the United States, he also inspired people to get involved with their country's programs through his inspirational speeches. President Kennedy combined which two sources of authority?
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charismatic and rational-legal
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The plow is to the agricultural society as the ________ is to the industrial society.
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steam engine
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What is another term for legitimate power?
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authority
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Which of the following is the best description of an economy?
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a system of producing and distributing goods and services
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During some wars, members of the weaker group strap explosives to their bodies and detonate them in the presence of noncombatants. What is such a tactic called?
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suicide terrorism
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What is the primary criticism made against socialism?
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The system does not respect individual rights.
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What was necessary for conspicuous consumption to become widespread?
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Surpluses had to grow enough to shift the emphasis from production to consumption.
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What is the primary criticism leveled against capitalism?
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It leads to severe social inequalities.
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What is the diffusion among many different organizations, including conservatives and liberals and special interest groups, that prohibits any one group from gaining total control in U.S. politics?
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pluralism
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What is the key concept on which representative democracy is based?
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citizenship
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Hitler's Nazi Germany and Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq best illustrate which type of government?
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totalitarianism
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In which society did power shift from the heads of families and clans to a ruling elite, leading to greater inequality?
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agricultural society
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When did the first noticeable conditions of social inequality occur in human societies?
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When surplus was generated through a division of labor.
