SOC 120 Chapter 1 – Flashcards
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Which is true about Jane Addams?
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She used sociology as a tool to improve the lives of the urban poor
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One way to develop a sociological imagination is to view your own society
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as an outsider
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A sociologist observing behavior at a college football game would probably focus on:
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the interaction among fans during the pre-game ritual of tailgate parties.
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Erving Goffman popularized the dramaturgical approach, which
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compares everyday life to a theatrical performance
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In Karl Marx's analysis, social inequality is determined by
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ownership, or lack thereof, of key material resources.
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Using sociology with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations is referred to as
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applied sociology
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A sociological study of the divorce rate among U.S. soldiers served to
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emphasize the distinction between sociology and common sense.
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Which sociological perspective would suggest that social change is reflected in people's communication patterns and styles of interaction?
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interactionist perspective
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A natural scientist would be likely to study
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rock formations and composition in the Grand Canyon.
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Anomie refers to a
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loss of direction that is felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective.
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A functionalist perspective would be most likely to argue that the existence of big-city political machines suggests
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that these political organizations satisfy certain basic social needs.
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Which sociological perspective would suggest that if an aspect of social life does not contribute to a society's stability, then it does not serve a useful function?
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functionalist perspective
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Which sociological perspective would argue that public punishments reinforce the social order?
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Functionalist Perspective
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The sociological imagination
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is an awareness of the relationship between individuals and the social forces that shape our lives.
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Harriet Martineau argued that we could learn a lot about a culture by analyzing the ideas, themes, and images reflected in the culture's
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popular songs
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Which of the following would be the type of question a sociologist might ask in studying the global economic crisis that began in 2008?
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How do the positions we occupy influence our experience of the crisis.
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The functionalist perspective views society as
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stable and well integrated
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In general, sociologists tend to
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draw insights from all three major perspectives
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Which of the following statements is an example of a sociological theory?
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Suicide rates are a reflection of whether people are, or are not, integrated into the group life of a society.
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Which of the following is true about Harriet Martineau?
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introduced the significance of inequality and power into the discipline of sociology and believed scholars should be activists and not just commentators.
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Which of the following are the key components of the definition of sociology?
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-systematic study -the individual and society -the consequences of social inequality
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Divorce, unemployment, and rising gas prices all can be viewed as
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-both private troubles and public issues
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Which of the following would be an example of the use of the sociological imagination?
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a study that concentrates on the behavior of people listening to a religious service compared to those listening to a rock concert
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With which of the following conflicting groups are contemporary conflict theorists concerned?
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-Women and Men -wealthy and poor -blacks and whites
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Which of the following is true about August Comte?
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-He sought to reveal the "laws of society." -He thought humans could learn to understand the forces that helped society to maintain order and stability. -He thought humans could learn to understand the forces that caused society to change.
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Critics of television often suggest that executives of major television networks and movie corporations are wealthy White males who decide which programs or movies will be produced and which directors and actors will obtain jobs in the industry. This analysis reflects the
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conflict perspective.
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A social scientist would be likely to study the
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reasons for the decreasing divorce rate in the United States.
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Which of the following statements is true?
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Clinical sociology is dedicated to facilitating change by altering organizations or restructuring social institutions.
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Karl Marx was concerned about loss of control over our creative human capacity to produce, separation from the products we make, and isolation from our fellow workers, which he called
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Alienation
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A body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation is called a(n)
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Science
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Ida Wells-Barnett investigated power and inequality based on
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gender and race
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The fact that more men than women survived the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami reveals
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the consequences of difference
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Interactionist perspective
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-uses everyday forms of social interaction to explain larger patterns of society. -views society as constantly fluid. -views individuals as primary agents of change.
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A set of statements that seeks to explain problems, actions, or behavior is called a(n)
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theory
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Which of the following is an accurate description of sociology?
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-The systematic study of the relationship between the individual and society. -The systematic study of how social relationships influence people's behavior. -The systematic study of how major social institutions and individuals interact.
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Émile Durkheim's explanation of suicide was scientific because he
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development conclusions based on systematic examination of data
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Durkheim was particularly concerned about
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the loss of social order
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The sociological imagination is an empowering tool because it
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helps us to understand the perspectives of people from different social circumstances.
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In many emerging nations, the pace of social change is very rapid and there is significant hunger and starvation, unemployment, and family disruption. Individuals who live in emerging nations are likely to suffer
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anomie
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Personal sociology
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requires recognition of how our individual position in society shapes our perspective.
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The primary relationships studied by sociologists are the ones between
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the individual and society
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Which sociological perspective would argue that laws reinforce the positions of those in power?
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Conflict perspective
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The view that social order is maintained through cooperation and consensus would most likely be held by
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functionalists
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Which sociological approach would argue that people respect laws or disobey them based on their own past experience as well as their subjective understanding of the law?
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interactionist perspective
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Fields of study that explore the physical features of nature and the ways in which they interact and change are considered
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natural sciences
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Fields of study that explore various features of the ways in which humans interact and change often are considered
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social sciences
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Sociology is considered a science because sociologists
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engage in organized and systematic study of phenomena to enhance understanding.
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Sociologists argue that, unlike scientific knowledge, commonsense conclusions are
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not reliable
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W.E.B. Du Bois investigated power and inequality based on
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race
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Émile Durkheim's study of suicide related suicide rates to
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the extent to which people were integrated into the group of life of a society
