question

In the book How to Observe Morals and Manners, the institution of marriage is criticized as:

answer

based on an assumption of the inferiority of women

question

Ugo's promotion to regional manager at Sears with a higher salary and more prestige is an example of what type of vertical social mobility?

answer

ascending

question

The intended purpose of desegregation of schools in the 1950s was to make education equal for everyone. What was not intended was that many racial minority teachers and principals lost their jobs. This unintended purpose was called a(n) ____________ function by functionalist theorist Talcott Parsons.

answer

latent

question

Which of the following factors is needed to establish causality?

answer

time order

question

In political speeches about the poor, those who are believed to deserve our assistance are termed the:

answer

working poor

question

There are advantages and disadvantages to different interview techniques. What might be an advantage that structured interviews have over unstructured (open-ended) interviews?

answer

It is easier to make careful tabulations and comparisons of answers

question

In Brazil, gender is determined by:

answer

sexual practice

question

Government offices administering food stamps:

answer

are not always optimally located for recipients

question

Which theorist argues that members of a class are grouped by their value in the commercial marketplace?

answer

Weber

question

Which term refers to everything you own minus debts (such as a mortgage on your home and credit card debt)?

answer

wealth

question

Which of the following is the best example of a correlation?

answer

People with higher levels of income tend to enjoy better overall health

question

Harold Garfinkel developed an approach to studying human interaction that focused on how people produce (and maintain) a mutually shared social order. This method was called:

answer

ethnomethodology

question

Many people believe sex to be an either-or situation (either male or female), but sociologists believe natural sex is:

answer

more of an ideal than an absolute

question

According to Goffman, the main goal of impression management is to:

answer

save face

question

A sociologist studying minor children, pregnant women, or inmates must get approval, as these groups are known as:

answer

protected populations

question

What group sells its labor to the bourgeoisie in order to receive wages?

answer

proletariat

question

What does reflexivity mean with regard to social research?

answer

when researchers are aware of their role in, and their potential effect on, the behavior of the people they study

question

Race, birth order, generational cohort, sex, and parental wealth are key sociological variables that are said to resist fixed effects because they:

answer

are relatively stable characteristics of an individual

question

Research questions such as why fairy tales often begin with a mother's death are an example of the analysis of media content stemming from Gramsci's work and known as:

answer

textual analysis

question

When an elementary school student is labeled as the "class clown" by his teacher, and then adopts the persona and lives up to others' expectations by acting silly, the class clown label has become a:

answer

stigma

question

Although a binary sex system imposes order in the world and helps us make sense of a complicated mass of populations, it also:

answer

limits our ability to accept difference

question

A general rule found in research, known as "no cycles of four" within two romantic heterosexual couples, is that people rarely date the ex-partner of their own ex-partner's new boy- or girlfriend. What explanation is given for this finding?

answer

The replaced exes don't want to lose social status and be seen as "leftovers"

question

According to Becker, why do marijuana smokers enjoy using the drug?

answer

They engage in a social process of learning to define the experience as fun and pleasurable

question

The examples of more and more people bowling and eating alone are used to highlight a more general trend involving:

answer

civic disengagement and a decline in social capital

question

John Gray, author of Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus (1992), takes the position that the different temperaments, emotions, and languages of males and females are rooted in:

answer

inborn differences

question

In the United States, six major companies, including Disney and Time Warner, own slightly more than ____________ percent of the media.

answer

90

question

The example of how real estate agents earn money by contractually maintaining or creating distance or contact between potential buyers and sellers highlights which of the following?

answer

structural holes

question

Which U.S. president was responsible for the War on Poverty and programs like Head Start and Job Corps?

answer

Lyndon Johnson

question

What did the Bush administration and the group True Love Waits advocate for in teens regarding their sexuality?

answer

virginity pledge

question

The word culture derives from the Latin word colere, which means:

answer

to cultivate

question

A society characterized by a high degree of sameness among the individual participants, in which participants perform largely the same functions, has:

answer

mechanical solidarity

question

According to Goffman, the esteem in which an individual is held by others is known as:

answer

face

question

If a sociologist studies one high school in a study of the effectiveness of its Parent-Teacher Association, he or she is using which of the following research methods?

answer

a case study

question

The effect of globalization has been to bifurcate labor into:

answer

high skilled and low skilled

question

If a field researcher cannot reveal that a study is being done for fear that this revelation might significantly affect the social processes being studied, he or she is finding out that:

answer

it is sometimes difficult to follow the norms of voluntary participation and informed consent.

question

The definition of relative poverty takes into account which important factor when determining poverty based on a percentage of median income?

answer

location

question

According to Goffman, we all try to make good impressions on others and we actively work to ensure that others believe they are doing the same. He calls this:

answer

impression management

question

A double-blind study means that:

answer

neither the subjects nor the researchers know who is in the experimental group or the control group.

question

Which of the following scenarios involves the use of peer pressure?

answer

A student decides to go out for drinks after her friends make her feel guilty for studying too much.

question

What is one fundamental change that critics argue is necessary for reforming the poverty threshold calculation?

answer

reformulating it from scratch every few years to adjust for changes in the cost of living

question

An economist surveying lottery winners found that people who had zero earnings and who were not in the workforce before winning:

answer

increased their commitment to work

question

The movement between different positions within a system of social stratification in any given society is called ____________ mobility.

answer

social

question

A statistical technique called individual fixed effects is sometimes used in the social sciences. This technique involves:

answer

comparing a particular outcome across time as some factor changes.

question

In sociology's "cousin," psychology, the focus is on the individual. In sociology, the focus is above and beyond the individual, on group-level dynamics and social structures. This is known as:

answer

supra-individual

question

According to data presented in Chapter 3, by 1964, ____________ percent of U.S. households had a television set.

answer

92

question

According to George Herbert Mead's stages of development, children learn to recognize an other through:

answer

imitation

question

The functionalist perspective on deviance argues that deviance:

answer

is necessary for a society's survival

question

Factors that affect the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable are known as:

answer

moderating variables

question

A sociologist finds a strong relationship between education and income. If he only assumes that the amount of education people receive directly causes them to earn a certain income, and not that a family's income can determine educational attainment, he is forgetting to consider:

answer

reverse causality

question

Low culture, such as hip-hop music, is also known as:

answer

pop culture

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