Home Page Social Science Sociology Criminology Introductory Sociology SOC 100 Final Exam Review

SOC 100 Final Exam Review

Jose Escobar

22 July 2021

question

People in our society tend to think of themselves in terms of their individuality, but we are also all products of our ____________, such as the time and place we live in and the family we were born into.

answer

Social contexts

question

For W.E.B. DuBois, which of the following was considered essential in combating prejudice and achieving tolerance and justice?

answer

Knowledge

question

Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that nonverbal communication, such as the frequency of individuals touching each other during a conversation, varies from one culture to another?

answer

Interactionist perspective

question

The 'taken-for-granted' aspect of culture is most representative of which sociological perspective?

answer

Interactionist perspective

question

De Tqocqueville wrote and traveled the US in the early 18th century and wrote a book called \"Democracy in America.\" What research method did he use?

answer

Participant observtion

question

According to C. Wright Mills, the sociological imagination enables us to grasp the relations between ___________ &____________in society.

answer

History & biography

question

At each stage of our development, we are both ______& ___________.

answer

Individuals and members of a social world

question

How do sociologists use a sociological imagination to challenge stereotypes?

answer

A S.I. challenges stereotypes by raising questions about where stereotypes come from, what they are based on, who stands to benefit from them, and why they are harmful

question

Which sociologist is widely regarded as the founder of the Interactionist perspective?

answer

George Herbert Mead

question

____________ refers to the influence of society on individuals.

answer

Social context

question

Which of the following statements about social contexts would sociologists agree is true?

answer

Social contexts have a huge impact on where newborn infants end up in life.

question

Which soc. persp would maintain the laws of a society are created by the groups in power and help those groups maintain their superior status?

answer

Conflict perspective

question

Which of the following statements about the impact of organizations on identity is true?

answer

Organizations can shape what identities are available to us.

question

What can applying the sociological imagination tell us about unemployment and homelessness?

answer

Unemployment and homelessness can be due to changing social forces beyond an individual's control

question

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the Age of Enlightenment?

answer

During the Age of Enlightenment, people became concerned with explaining phenomena through sciene

question

A law is ____.

answer

Governmental social control

question

Which soc. persp. is most concerned with macrolevel analysis?

answer

Both functionalist and conflict perspectives

question

The country with the lowest age of first intercourse (kids are youngest in this country)

answer

The U.S.

question

The concept of anomie was introduced into sociology by

answer

Emile Durkheim

question

Emile Durkheim's study of suicide, related suicide rates to

answer

The extent to which people were integrated into the group life of a society

question

Which of the following is most likely to be a secondary group?

answer

The members of the United Nations General Assembly

question

Emile Durkheim's explanation of suicide was scientific because he

answer

Developed conclusions based on systematic examination of data

question

Which soc. persp. emphasized that social roles contribute to a society's stability by enabling members to anticipate the behavior of others and to pattern their own actions accordingly?

answer

Functionalist perspective

question

Which soc. approach. focuses on the macro level and would tend to view inequality in gender as central to behavior and organization?

answer

Feminist perspective (?)

question

Social scientists call the variable that is hypothesized to cause of influence another variable a (an)

answer

Operational variable

question

The country with the highest number of teen pregnancies is:

answer

The U.S.

question

Which of the following is NOT true about sociological debunking?

answer

Debunking is a key technique used by functionalist sociologists

question

Which soc. persp. would be most likely to emphasize that \"we\" and \"they\" feelings promote in-group solidarity and a sense of belonging?

answer

Functionalist persp.

question

The destructive consequences of tensions of between in-groups and out-groups would probably be stressed in which soc. persp?

answer

Conflict persp.

question

Which of the following statements is an example of a sociological theory?

answer

Suicide rates are a reflection of whether people are, or are not, integrated into the group life of society.

question

___________ are basic rules of society that help us know what is and is not appropriate to do in a given situation

answer

Norms

question

Sociologists' understanding of social contexts, social interactions, and social structures teaches us that people ___________.

answer

Present themselves in different ways based on the context they are in

question

Which of the following terms refers to the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships?

answer

Culture

question

People use the Internet regularly in today's society. But few social norms that govern our online behavior. When individuals post racial or ethnic slurs or send each other rude messages, they demonstrate

answer

Anomie

question

You are a soc. scientist in the mid-19th century. You want to study the forces in society that are driving social change. What human subjects are you most likely to study?

answer

Factory workers in NYC

question

Social structure is composed of what 2 distinct components?

answer

Hierarchies and institutions

question

Which of the following do sociologists recognize as an agent of socialization?

answer

The state, religion, television (all)

question

Which of the following would be an example of a social institution?

answer

The members of a stamp-collecting society

question

The conflict view holds that social institutions

answer

Maintain the privileges of the powerful individuals and groups within a society.

question

Sociologist who claim to be skeptical about the ability of researchers discern cause and effect in our complex world are expressing a(n) ______ difference with sociologists who insist that they can indeed figure out what causes our world to work as it does.

answer

Epistemological

question

A __________ is a sociologist who believes that the only true way to gain knowledge about the world is to use the logic of natural science.

answer

Positivist

question

Which statement is true regarding sociologists' epistemological tendencies?

answer

Most sociologists do not often discuss their epistemological orientations.

question

Sociologists would be least likely to agree with which of the following statements about culture?

answer

Culture is relatively constant throughout history

question

Symbols communicate a(n) _______ while being distinct from the _________ itself.

answer

Idea; idea.

question

Studying symbols helps us understand things about society that are not often discussed, such as _______.

answer

Distinctions of honor, inequality, and competition

question

Which of the following best illustrates a breakdown in social structure?

answer

New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina

question

How quickly does social structure tend to change?

answer

Social structure changes over time but tends to do so very slowly

question

Why is it important to understand context when engaging in ethnomethodology?

answer

Most human communication cannot be understood outside of the context in which it occurs.

question

The dramaturgical approach is

answer

A view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers.

question

What does it mean to operationalize a research question?

answer

Operationalizing is determining the operations and techniques to be used to assess a research question's key concepts.

question

How do social media contribute to our social interaction in the real world?

answer

Social media contribute to our ability to plan social interactions in the real world

question

According to George Simmel, ignoring someone out of politeness, who is only inches away from you on a crowded bus, is an example of _______.

answer

Civil inattention

question

How does social interaction in crowded public places differ from interactions in other settings?

answer

When in crowded spaces, we frequently engage in civil inattention to minimize interactions.

question

What is a cultural universal?

answer

A cultural trait common to all humans

question

Which sociologist is widely regarded as the founder of the INTERACTIONIST perspective?

answer

Erving Goffman

question

Which of the following was a central focus for Charles Horton Cooley?

answer

Intimate face-to-face- groups

question

Which of the following are Max Weber's critiques of Karl Marx?

answer

Marx focused too heavily on the economic system and ignored other areas. AND Mars focused too heavily on the macro structures of society.

question

How is historical research best conducted?

answer

By looking at records and documents about different groups of people from other times and places

question

When research questions are about the thought process that lead people to have certain opinions, what research method is usually best?

answer

In-depth interviews

question

____________ is a type of social control exercised by common-sense understandings of what is appropriate in a specific time and place

answer

The generalized other

question

In terms of social science, what is socialization?

answer

The process by which we come to understand the expectations, rules and norms of the society in which we live

question

In terms of sociology, what is culture?

answer

The total sum of systems of beliefs and knowledge of a given society

question

Which of the following potential projects studying convenience stores could be said to be utilizing a qualitative research method?

answer

Working at a convenience store and watching how people interact with the clerks.

question

Catherine is taking a research methods class in which the semester project involves conducting original research. She is interested in finding out if viewing particular television programs has an impact on behavior. She wants to see if children are more likely to engage in aggressive behaviors after they watch the TV shows that exhibit violent images. Catherine's tentative prediction is what scientists refer to as _______/

answer

A hypothesis.

question

You believe that sociologists should distance themselves from whatever they study, use universal standards to advance truth claims, and determine cause and effect. Based on these beliefs, what kind of epistemology do you adhere to?

answer

A positivist epistemology

question

You want to conduct a research study on the sexual behaviors of married couples in rural America. You plan on interviewing individuals using an in-depth survey method. After finding individuals to interview, but before your conduct the interviews, what is needed to make sure that this project is ethical?

answer

The informed consent of all participants

question

Which of the following expectations are parts of the role set of traditional college students?

answer

Respect the teacher, show up for lectures, complete assigned papers, take exams

question

What causes role conflict?

answer

The expectations of one role preventing the fulfillment of other role expectations

question

According to sociologists, why are certain people who question authority labeled as deviant?

answer

People are labeled as deviant because dominant members of society see them as threats

question

Members of more powerful groups ______.

answer

have advantages over others

question

How do sociologists define power?

answer

The ability to influence the behavior of others

question

Privilege confers which kind of power on an individual's ability to seize opportunities and rewards?

answer

Monopoly

question

How is privilege most commonly maintained?

answer

Through discrimination

question

Dominant groups use______&_____ to control opportunities and reduce or eliminate challenges from subordinate groups.

answer

Informal and legal means

question

Which soc. persp. suggests that a society or relatively permanent group must accomplish certain major tasks if it is to survive?

answer

Functionalist perspective

question

One of the most crucial aspects of the relationship between dominant and subordinate groups is the ability of the dominant group to

answer

- Define a society's values - Define social reality - Mold the \"definition of the situation\"

question

Which of the following does Marx and conflict theorists believe is weakened by restricting workers to very small tasks?

answer

Job security

question

In his controversial study in which he led subjects to believe they were delivering painful shocks to innocent people, what social phenomenon was Stanley Milgram trying to understand?

answer

The process through which normal individuals can be compelled to hurt others simply because they are told to

question

What were the findings of the Stanford Prison Experiment?

answer

People are capable of quickly accepting social roles and fervently conforming to those roles' expectations

question

The looking-glass self is

answer

Phrase used by Charles Horton Cooley to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interactions with others

question

Which word accurately describes the decline in manufacturing jobs in America in the late 1970s and 1980s?

answer

Rapid

question

Which is the first part of Charles Horton Cooley's \"looking-glass self\"?

answer

Imagining how we present ourselves to others

question

Which of the following is the definition of Erving Goffman's concept of \"face-work\"?

answer

People's efforts to maintain a proper image and avoid embarrassment in public.

question

The dominant group in society is_________

answer

Sometimes a population minority

question

A manifest function of football is:

answer

(Planned or intentional)

question

Reference groups can include which of the following:

answer

- Family - Street gangs - Major league sports teams - Classmates (Any)

question

A latent function of the family institution is

answer

Control individual sexuality

question

In symbolic interactionism, which is NOT considered a sign:

answer

income

question

For Durkheim, deviance is:

answer

Evident in every society

question

Feminist theory is primarily concerned with:

answer

How gendered hierarchies are constructed and reproduced

question

For Gilbert, Marx and Weber were

answer

Complimentary

question

Your evening is not going as planned. While at a bar, you accidentally knock over a man's drink. Although the spill was an accident, it has ruined his date's clothing and he is very angry. What is the most likely step in this conflict's interaction ritual chain?

answer

You get insulted

question

All of the following describe a function of social institutions except:

answer

Social institutions facilitate major changes to the social structures

question

Whitney is a freshman at Michigan State. After going to Sparticipation, she decides she wants to get involved with the Mixes Martial Arts Club... For her, they are her:

answer

secondary group

question

All of the following are examples of material culture except:

answer

Believing that God helps those who help themselves

question

A _____________ theorist is most likely to ask, \"Why do only 5 corporations control almost all newspapers, magazines, books, radio and television stations, and movie studios in the US?

answer

Conflict

question

What is cultural relativism?

answer

The idea that cultural meanings and practices must be evaluated n their own social contexts.

question

Rosa is from a working-class family of six. She was able to get scholarships for college and earned a law degree. Rosa is now an attorney for a Fortune 500 firm and has a compensation package worth hundreds of thousands of dollars. Her scenario best illustrates which sociological phenomenon?

answer

Intergenerational social mobility

question

The Gilbert model of the American class structure emphasizes

answer

Source of income

question

According to the ______ perspective, the most vital jobs in society usually receive the greatest economic rewards.

answer

Functionalist

question

______ believe the greater the rewards attached to some positions in society help ensure that people will make the sacrifices necessary to acquire the training those positions demand.

answer

Functionalists

question

Which of the following theories offers a view of conformity and deviance that suggests that our connection to members of society leads us to conform systematically to society's norms?

answer

Control theory

question

The conflict view holds that social institutions

answer

maintain the privileges of the powerful individuals and groups within a society.

question

Mills suggested 2 ways in which the 3 distinct elites might be medled into one, single, internally cohesive power elite. These are:

answer

social-psychological mechanisms & structural mechanisms

question

Recent research by Domhoff shows that the corporate community has been diversifying to include more:

answer

Women and racial/ethnic minorities

question

A traditional division within the capitalist class, in terms of economic aspects, has been between the following two groups: ______________ and ________________.

answer

National capitalists and local capitalists

question

Which of the following is false regarding social class in the US?

answer

Tax policies favor the middle and lower classes

question

Which of these statements regarding wealth in the US is true?

answer

In the US, inequality is more apparent in income than in wealth

question

The most common adaptation in Robert Merton's anomie theory of deviance is

answer

Conformity

question

According to Robert Merton, an innovator is an individual who has

answer

Accepted the goals of society, but pursues them with means regarded as improper.

question

In Robert Merton's terms, people who overzealously and cruelly enforce bureaucratic regulations can be classified as

answer

ritualists

question

The process by which a society moves from a traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristics of more developed societies is called

answer

Modernization

question

The study of distinctions among different social classes is called

answer

Class analysis

question

The top 1% of the world's population controls _____ % of the entire world's wealth

answer

32%

question

The bottom 30% of the world's population controls less than _____ % of the worlds wealth

answer

question

2 billion of the world's poor live of less than _____ a day

answer

question

________ refers to the receipt of money over a period of time, whereas _______ refers to the net value of assets tht one has at a given point in time

answer

Income; wealth

question

Which soc. persp suggests that the higher rates of poverty among single mothers are due to the difficulty women have finding affordable child care, sexual harassment, and sex discrimination in the labor market?

answer

Conflict perspective

question

Remote area, coals mines idle, distant, poorly funded school, no churches or medical facilities nearby. The poor, chronically unemployed people who barely survive from winter to winter here are an example of

answer

The underclass

question

The primary way in which *most* American's accumulate wealth is through __________.

answer

Home ownership

question

Conflict theorists contend that multinational corporations are attracted to developing countries because developing countries

answer

- Have a large pool of cheap labor - Discourage strong trade unions - Often create a favorable \"climate for environment\"

question

For poor and middle-class families, consumption often ____________ reported income

answer

exceeds

question

Worlds systems theory focuses on

answer

The belief that there is a world economic system that must be understood as a single unit

question

Which soc. persp. would be most likely to suggest that multinational corporations help create social stabililty within a society by creating jobs and global enterprise?

answer

Functionalist

question

Apple Computer manufactures iPads and iPhones in

answer

China

question

In the weeks immediately following 9/11, the far reaching economic repercussions began to affect businesses and workers worldwide. This phenomenon can best be explained by

answer

globalization

question

_____________ is the type of social control exercised by common-sense understandings of what is appropriate in a specific time and place.

answer

The generalized other

question

According to the text, which of the following forces is in part responsible for the domination of the world marketplace by a few nations?

answer

- the legacy of colonialism - the advent of multinational corporations - modernization

question

Industrialized nations have high _____________ and low _______________

answer

Military spending and infant mortality

question

The majority of minimum-wage employees are

answer

adults

question

Gilbert compares the huge fortunes of the late 20th century typically delivered from the vastly explained financial sector and enterprises related to information technology and the internet to ________________.

answer

The fortunes made in the 19th century Gilded Age in manufacturing and related sectors.

question

How is the measure of occupational prestige determined?

answer

A nationwide sample of people are asked to evaluate a series of different jobs

question

When viewing the global economic system, sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein draws on the

answer

Conflict perspective

question

According to the world systems analysis, a core nation is a nation that

answer

along with its multinational corporations, controls and exploits noncore nations

question

Contemporary conflict theorists are concerned with the conflict between

answer

- Women and men - Cities and suburbs - Blacks and Whites

question

Which of the following is a criticism of social disorganization theory?

answer

Seems to \"blame the victim\"

question

The managing editor of a newspaper, acting on an order from the publisher, fires three editors, one of whom is an old friend. This is an example of ________.

answer

Obedience

question

According to current statistics, over ___________ adults are serving behind bars on any given day in America.

answer

2 million

question

Which of these statements is the best description of social class in the US?

answer

The US system is elaborate; it could be depicted by a ladder with a different social class at each rung

question

What is the soc. term for the process by which people end up in any given position in the stratification system?

answer

Status attainment

question

The world system's analysis is

answer

Immanuel Wallerstein's view of the global economic system as divided between certain industrialized nations that control wealth and developing countries that are controlled and exploited

question

In the US,

answer

most people live their entire lives as members of a social class very close to the one they were born into

question

A person's socio-economic status (SES) is derived from their

answer

- income - occupational prestige - education (all)

question

The term for the total value of what one owns, minus one's debts, is

answer

wealth

question

Wages earned, child support received, and interest payments are all examples of

answer

income

question

Half of all households earn more than the __________, and the other half earn less.

answer

Modal income (?)

question

Occupational prestige ratings

answer

are subjective evaluations of the value of jobs

question

From a soc. persp, the news and other programs represented in the media,

answer

are shaped by commercial interests

question

Cultural hegemony is the term for

answer

The excessive influence of one culture in society

question

Sociologists are concerned about the concentration of cultural power, or cultural hegemony, because

answer

monopolies enable groups to achieve control yet appear to have the support of the people who are dominated

question

Which class can be distinguished from the Capitalist class not only because they have lower incomes, but because the majority of their income is acquired through salaries and/or professional fees as opposed to income-generating wealth?

answer

Upper-Middle class

question

The ever-increasing purchasing power of this class is making it more influential, and their lifestyles are becoming increasingly normative for the whole of American society. Which of the following classes fits this description?

answer

Upper-Middle class

question

The political influence of this group has declined significantly as the good-producing industries of the economy, which typically had strong union membership, have contracted

answer

Working class

question

According to Gilbert, limited and erratic work histories, lack of skills, and incomplete education makes finding full-time employment difficult for members of this class

answer

Underclass

question

The lower boundary of this class, defined by commitment to employment, is blurred by the tendency of some individuals to move back and forth across it

answer

Working poor

question

Together these 2 classes make up the majority of the American class structure

answer

Middle and working classes

question

The ____________ class is defined by its independence on income-producing wealth

answer

Capitalist

question

All of the following are true about the American Middle Class EXCEPT

answer

The Middle Class has a greater political impact than other classes

question

One shortcoming of Karl Marx's work is that he failed to anticipate the

answer

extent to which political liberties and relative prosperity could contribute to false consciousness

question

Max Weber used the term \"class\" to refer to people who share a similar level of

answer

wealth and income

question

The growth of media conglomerates means that fewer organizations are involved in producing and disturbing culture. The result of this is that

answer

- There may be less diversity in content of the media - People may conform to the interests of the dominant groups without realizing they are doing so - Cultural messages in the media become homogeneous (all)

question

Globally, most of the work involving the assembly of goods is done by ______

answer

women and children

question

The soc. persp. that defines classes in terms of their structural relationship to other classes and their relationship to the economic system is the

answer

Conflict perspective

question

Marx believed that

answer

the middle class tends to identify with the interests of the elite

question

How does the concept of the working class differ from that of those in traditional \"blue-collar\" occupations?

answer

The working class includes many in occupations that are considered \"white-collar\"

question

What is considered to be the major theme of analysis in sociology today?

answer

Social inequality

question

A condition in which member of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige or power is referred to as

answer

Social inequality

question

A disproportional percentage of what group falls in the upper class?

answer

White, non-Hispanic

question

Karl Marx argued that social, economic, and political inequalities are dependent on

answer

Class differentiation

question

Capitalism is an economic system in which

answer

The means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profit

question

Which term is used by Karl Marx to refer to the capitalist class that owns the means of production?

answer

Bourgeiouse

question

Which theory attributes increases in crime and deviance to the absence or breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions?

answer

Social disorganization theory

question

World Systems theory suggests that

answer

Global communities are stratified socially, politically, and economically

question

Which soc. perspective would be most likely to suggest that studies of social class have tended to neglect the occupations and incomes of women as determinants of social rank, thereby elevating the status of males?

answer

Feminist perspective

question

The federal tax policies of the last four decades, especially in the 1980s, and in the 10 years from 2001 to 2010 have favored

answer

The affluent

question

Which of the following would be the best example of absolute poverty?

answer

A homeless man in tattered clothes begs in the street for money and food

question

Which of the following would be seen as a contributor to poverty in the US according to your text?

answer

Large numbers of workers employed at minimum wage

question

Jamie born into an upper middle class family. Her family owned their home, and she attended a school with small class sizes and many resources. All of these factors are indicators of Jamie's

answer

Life chances

question

Which of the following are characteristics of US American ideology used to justify the capitalist system?

answer

- Equal opportunity - Meritocracy

question

The US is a _________ country, while El Salvador and Vietnam are ________ countries.

answer

Core; semiperipheral

question

The feminization of poverty rates means that

answer

Poverty is usually felt more by women than men globally.

question

What type of stratification system is feudalism?

answer

Estate system

question

The US and Western Europe have what type of stratification system?

answer

Class system

question

Colonialism is defined as

answer

The maintenance of political, social, economic and cultural dominance over a people by a foreign power for an extended period

question

What term is used by sociologists to describe a group that is set apart from others because of physical differences that have taken on social significance?

answer

Racial group

question

Women earn what percent of every dollar a man earns?

answer

80%

question

Asian Americans are identified in the text as an example of a(n)

answer

Ethnic group

question

Which term refers to the convergence of social forces that contributes to the subordinate status of poor non-White women?

answer

Matrix of domination

question

A form of marriage in which a person can have several spouses in his or her lifetime but only one spouse at a time is called ___?

answer

Serial monogamy

question

What is the general term for a marriage in which an individual can have several husbands or wives at the same time?

answer

Polygamy

question

Prejudice is a(n) ________________ while discrimination is a(n) _____________.

answer

Belief;action

question

Racism is defined as ______.

answer

A belief that one race is supreme and that all others are innately inferior

question

When racism prevails in a society, members of subordinate groups generally experience:

answer

- Exploitation - Prejudice - Discrimination (all)

question

At one time, many Puerto Ricans were effectively barred from serving in the Chicago PD because they failed to meet the height requirement. This was an example of ___

answer

Institutional discrimination

question

The Mexican people of today are the result of a gradual merging of generations of Spaniards and Indians. This is an example of :

answer

Amalgamation

question

Which of the following would NOT be an example of assimilation?

answer

A Muslim woman wears her traditional headscarf wile out shopping in her US suburb

question

What is the difference between a family and kin group?

answer

The family is a household unit, and kin do not always live together

question

What pattern of descent is most typical in the US?

answer

Bilateral

question

Patrilineal descent refers to a :

answer

Kinship system that favors the relatives of the father.

question

Which of the following equations represents assimilation?

answer

A+B+C --> A

question

Which of the following is true regarding the treatment of women in many different nations?

answer

- Denied pay equal to men - Sexually harassed in the workplace - Fired from jobs because they are pregnant (all)

question

According to Muslim tradition, :

answer

There are no restrictions on men's clothing.

question

Which of the following countries banned the wearing of the hijab in public schools?

answer

France

question

Women do the majority of the housework in which of the following?

answer

All countries

question

Which of the following group makes up the largest percentage of the Asians and Pacific Islanders group?

answer

Chinese

question

What racial or ethnic group has the highest rate of welfare dependency in the US?

answer

Southeast Asians

question

Arab Americans are descendants of people from the _______ nations of the Arab world.

answer

22%

question

The single most unifying force among Arabs is:

answer

the Muslim religion

question

Which population group represents the largest minority group in the US?

answer

Latinos

question

Since the change in US immigration policy during the 1960s to encourage immagration of relatives of US residents and people with desirable skills, where have a majority of immigrants originated from?

answer

Asia and Latin America

question

The belief that men play a variety of gender roles, including a nurturing-caring role and an effeminate-gay role, in addition to their traditional gender role of dominating women, is called:

answer

Multidimensional masculinities

question

The increasing divorce rate in the US is attribute to

answer

- A general increase in family incomes and free legal aid - More liberal divorce laws - Greater opportunities for women (all)

question

What does the text identify as the most important factor in the increase of divorce?

answer

Increase in the social acceptance of divorce

question

In a nationwide survey, 69% of respondents believed that:

answer

If one parent stayed home with the children, it makes no difference whether it is the mother or the father

question

Conflict theorists would view gender differences as

answer

A reflection of the subjugation of one group, such as women, by another group, such as men

question

William F. Ogburn noted that:

answer

Domestic partnerships are more often heterosexual than homosexual

question

In 2008, what was the median age for woman in the US at the time of her first marriage?

answer

26.3

question

Which of the following is not one of the forms of capital distinguished by Pierre Bourdieu?

answer

Political capital

question

Most studies of social mobility have focused on:

answer

men

question

Occupation is a convenient variable to use in sociological studies of social mobility because:

answer

Adults can more easily recall parental occupation than wealth or income level

question

In recent years, _________.

answer

Upward social mobility has decreased and downward social mobility has increased.

question

The type of social mobility where some must lose for others to gain is referred to as:

answer

Circulation mobility

question

The type of mobility where tech. and occupational changes in a way that creates jobs at a faster rate in the middle and upper levels of the occupational structure that in the lower level is referred to as:

answer

Structural mobility

question

Most sociological studies of social mobility have focused on _____________ as opposed to other stratification outcomes such as income or wealth.

answer

Occupation

question

A common way to measure intergenerational mobility is to compare the occupations of ___________ & ___________.

answer

Fathers & sons

question

______________ is the extent to which people move up or down in the class system.

answer

Social mobility

question

According to the \"outflow\" table that starts with fathers and asks about the mobility of their sons, we learn that the higher the father's occupation level, by a considerable margin:

answer

Sons are more likely to move up than down on the occupational ladder.

question

_____________ draws people into higher positions when some occupational categories grow rapidly while others expand slowly or shrink.

answer

Mobility updraft

question

Lareau found that upper-middle class 9 and 10 year olds __________ than working class children of same age.

answer

Live more hectically scheduled lives

question

Which of the following are NOT true about marriages?

answer

Working-class women are satisfied with the more traditional gender relationships in their marriages

question

In which group do we find the greatest transformation about the roles of husbands and wives in marriage?

answer

Daughters

question

Rubin found that men were more likely to become abusive ________.

answer

In periods of unemployment.

question

Which of the following does NOT reflect class backgrounds?

answer

Intelligence level

question

Lareau described 2 basic approaches to child rearing, which Gilbert defined as :

answer

Cultivated growth and natural growth

question

Which of the following is not one of the types of marital relationships distinguished by Rainwater?

answer

Progressive relationships

question

Marriages among the upper-middle class tend to be:

answer

Joint relationships

question

The class advantages or disadvantages that a child inherits are not just economic but also ___________.

answer

Both social and historical

question

The kind of research Lareau used was ___________, which is rare because it is expensive and time-consuming.

answer

Naturalistic observation

question

According to Du Bois, African Americans develop a ___________, seeing themselves as Americans, but always gazing back at themselves through the eyes of the White majority, as people set below and apart by color.

answer

Double consciousness

question

An element or a process of society that may actually disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease in stability is known as a:

answer

Dysfunction

question

Children who experience divorce in their family are more likely to experience divorce themselves when they are adults. This is an example of a:

answer

Dysfunction of families

question

Which sociologist explored what it meant to be a female and Black living in the US?

answer

Ida Wells-Barnett

question

Contemporary symbolic interactionist theorists are concerned with:

answer

How male and female gender is performed (?)

question

Which soc. persp. would most likely study the new social roles assumed by activists within a social movement?

answer

Interactionist perspective

1 of

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers

question

answer

Social contexts

question

For W.E.B. DuBois, which of the following was considered essential in combating prejudice and achieving tolerance and justice?

answer

Knowledge

question

answer

Interactionist perspective

question

The 'taken-for-granted' aspect of culture is most representative of which sociological perspective?

answer

Interactionist perspective

question

De Tqocqueville wrote and traveled the US in the early 18th century and wrote a book called \"Democracy in America.\" What research method did he use?

answer

Participant observtion

question

According to C. Wright Mills, the sociological imagination enables us to grasp the relations between ___________ &____________in society.

answer

History & biography

question

At each stage of our development, we are both ______& ___________.

answer

Individuals and members of a social world

question

How do sociologists use a sociological imagination to challenge stereotypes?

answer

A S.I. challenges stereotypes by raising questions about where stereotypes come from, what they are based on, who stands to benefit from them, and why they are harmful

question

Which sociologist is widely regarded as the founder of the Interactionist perspective?

answer

George Herbert Mead

question

____________ refers to the influence of society on individuals.

answer

Social context

question

Which of the following statements about social contexts would sociologists agree is true?

answer

Social contexts have a huge impact on where newborn infants end up in life.

question

Which soc. persp would maintain the laws of a society are created by the groups in power and help those groups maintain their superior status?

answer

Conflict perspective

question

Which of the following statements about the impact of organizations on identity is true?

answer

Organizations can shape what identities are available to us.

question

What can applying the sociological imagination tell us about unemployment and homelessness?

answer

Unemployment and homelessness can be due to changing social forces beyond an individual's control

question

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the Age of Enlightenment?

answer

During the Age of Enlightenment, people became concerned with explaining phenomena through sciene

question

A law is ____.

answer

Governmental social control

question

Which soc. persp. is most concerned with macrolevel analysis?

answer

Both functionalist and conflict perspectives

question

The country with the lowest age of first intercourse (kids are youngest in this country)

answer

The U.S.

question

The concept of anomie was introduced into sociology by

answer

Emile Durkheim

question

Emile Durkheim's study of suicide, related suicide rates to

answer

The extent to which people were integrated into the group life of a society

question

Which of the following is most likely to be a secondary group?

answer

The members of the United Nations General Assembly

question

Emile Durkheim's explanation of suicide was scientific because he

answer

Developed conclusions based on systematic examination of data

question

Which soc. persp. emphasized that social roles contribute to a society's stability by enabling members to anticipate the behavior of others and to pattern their own actions accordingly?

answer

Functionalist perspective

question

Which soc. approach. focuses on the macro level and would tend to view inequality in gender as central to behavior and organization?

answer

Feminist perspective (?)

question

Social scientists call the variable that is hypothesized to cause of influence another variable a (an)

answer

Operational variable

question

The country with the highest number of teen pregnancies is:

answer

The U.S.

question

Which of the following is NOT true about sociological debunking?

answer

Debunking is a key technique used by functionalist sociologists

question

Which soc. persp. would be most likely to emphasize that \"we\" and \"they\" feelings promote in-group solidarity and a sense of belonging?

answer

Functionalist persp.

question

The destructive consequences of tensions of between in-groups and out-groups would probably be stressed in which soc. persp?

answer

Conflict persp.

question

Which of the following statements is an example of a sociological theory?

answer

Suicide rates are a reflection of whether people are, or are not, integrated into the group life of society.

question

___________ are basic rules of society that help us know what is and is not appropriate to do in a given situation

answer

Norms

question

Sociologists' understanding of social contexts, social interactions, and social structures teaches us that people ___________.

answer

Present themselves in different ways based on the context they are in

question

Which of the following terms refers to the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships?

answer

Culture

question

answer

Anomie

question

You are a soc. scientist in the mid-19th century. You want to study the forces in society that are driving social change. What human subjects are you most likely to study?

answer

Factory workers in NYC

question

Social structure is composed of what 2 distinct components?

answer

Hierarchies and institutions

question

Which of the following do sociologists recognize as an agent of socialization?

answer

The state, religion, television (all)

question

Which of the following would be an example of a social institution?

answer

The members of a stamp-collecting society

question

The conflict view holds that social institutions

answer

Maintain the privileges of the powerful individuals and groups within a society.

question

answer

Epistemological

question

A __________ is a sociologist who believes that the only true way to gain knowledge about the world is to use the logic of natural science.

answer

Positivist

question

Which statement is true regarding sociologists' epistemological tendencies?

answer

Most sociologists do not often discuss their epistemological orientations.

question

Sociologists would be least likely to agree with which of the following statements about culture?

answer

Culture is relatively constant throughout history

question

Symbols communicate a(n) _______ while being distinct from the _________ itself.

answer

Idea; idea.

question

Studying symbols helps us understand things about society that are not often discussed, such as _______.

answer

Distinctions of honor, inequality, and competition

question

Which of the following best illustrates a breakdown in social structure?

answer

New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina

question

How quickly does social structure tend to change?

answer

Social structure changes over time but tends to do so very slowly

question

Why is it important to understand context when engaging in ethnomethodology?

answer

Most human communication cannot be understood outside of the context in which it occurs.

question

The dramaturgical approach is

answer

A view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers.

question

What does it mean to operationalize a research question?

answer

Operationalizing is determining the operations and techniques to be used to assess a research question's key concepts.

question

How do social media contribute to our social interaction in the real world?

answer

Social media contribute to our ability to plan social interactions in the real world

question

According to George Simmel, ignoring someone out of politeness, who is only inches away from you on a crowded bus, is an example of _______.

answer

Civil inattention

question

How does social interaction in crowded public places differ from interactions in other settings?

answer

When in crowded spaces, we frequently engage in civil inattention to minimize interactions.

question

What is a cultural universal?

answer

A cultural trait common to all humans

question

Which sociologist is widely regarded as the founder of the INTERACTIONIST perspective?

answer

Erving Goffman

question

Which of the following was a central focus for Charles Horton Cooley?

answer

Intimate face-to-face- groups

question

Which of the following are Max Weber's critiques of Karl Marx?

answer

Marx focused too heavily on the economic system and ignored other areas. AND Mars focused too heavily on the macro structures of society.

question

How is historical research best conducted?

answer

By looking at records and documents about different groups of people from other times and places

question

When research questions are about the thought process that lead people to have certain opinions, what research method is usually best?

answer

In-depth interviews

question

____________ is a type of social control exercised by common-sense understandings of what is appropriate in a specific time and place

answer

The generalized other

question

In terms of social science, what is socialization?

answer

The process by which we come to understand the expectations, rules and norms of the society in which we live

question

In terms of sociology, what is culture?

answer

The total sum of systems of beliefs and knowledge of a given society

question

Which of the following potential projects studying convenience stores could be said to be utilizing a qualitative research method?

answer

Working at a convenience store and watching how people interact with the clerks.

question

answer

A hypothesis.

question

answer

A positivist epistemology

question

answer

The informed consent of all participants

question

Which of the following expectations are parts of the role set of traditional college students?

answer

Respect the teacher, show up for lectures, complete assigned papers, take exams

question

What causes role conflict?

answer

The expectations of one role preventing the fulfillment of other role expectations

question

According to sociologists, why are certain people who question authority labeled as deviant?

answer

People are labeled as deviant because dominant members of society see them as threats

question

Members of more powerful groups ______.

answer

have advantages over others

question

How do sociologists define power?

answer

The ability to influence the behavior of others

question

Privilege confers which kind of power on an individual's ability to seize opportunities and rewards?

answer

Monopoly

question

How is privilege most commonly maintained?

answer

Through discrimination

question

Dominant groups use______&_____ to control opportunities and reduce or eliminate challenges from subordinate groups.

answer

Informal and legal means

question

Which soc. persp. suggests that a society or relatively permanent group must accomplish certain major tasks if it is to survive?

answer

Functionalist perspective

question

One of the most crucial aspects of the relationship between dominant and subordinate groups is the ability of the dominant group to

answer

- Define a society's values - Define social reality - Mold the \"definition of the situation\"

question

Which of the following does Marx and conflict theorists believe is weakened by restricting workers to very small tasks?

answer

Job security

question

In his controversial study in which he led subjects to believe they were delivering painful shocks to innocent people, what social phenomenon was Stanley Milgram trying to understand?

answer

The process through which normal individuals can be compelled to hurt others simply because they are told to

question

What were the findings of the Stanford Prison Experiment?

answer

People are capable of quickly accepting social roles and fervently conforming to those roles' expectations

question

The looking-glass self is

answer

Phrase used by Charles Horton Cooley to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interactions with others

question

Which word accurately describes the decline in manufacturing jobs in America in the late 1970s and 1980s?

answer

Rapid

question

Which is the first part of Charles Horton Cooley's \"looking-glass self\"?

answer

Imagining how we present ourselves to others

question

Which of the following is the definition of Erving Goffman's concept of \"face-work\"?

answer

People's efforts to maintain a proper image and avoid embarrassment in public.

question

The dominant group in society is_________

answer

Sometimes a population minority

question

A manifest function of football is:

answer

(Planned or intentional)

question

Reference groups can include which of the following:

answer

- Family - Street gangs - Major league sports teams - Classmates (Any)

question

A latent function of the family institution is

answer

Control individual sexuality

question

In symbolic interactionism, which is NOT considered a sign:

answer

income

question

For Durkheim, deviance is:

answer

Evident in every society

question

Feminist theory is primarily concerned with:

answer

How gendered hierarchies are constructed and reproduced

question

For Gilbert, Marx and Weber were

answer

Complimentary

question

answer

You get insulted

question

All of the following describe a function of social institutions except:

answer

Social institutions facilitate major changes to the social structures

question

Whitney is a freshman at Michigan State. After going to Sparticipation, she decides she wants to get involved with the Mixes Martial Arts Club... For her, they are her:

answer

secondary group

question

All of the following are examples of material culture except:

answer

Believing that God helps those who help themselves

question

A _____________ theorist is most likely to ask, \"Why do only 5 corporations control almost all newspapers, magazines, books, radio and television stations, and movie studios in the US?

answer

Conflict

question

What is cultural relativism?

answer

The idea that cultural meanings and practices must be evaluated n their own social contexts.

question

answer

Intergenerational social mobility

question

The Gilbert model of the American class structure emphasizes

answer

Source of income

question

According to the ______ perspective, the most vital jobs in society usually receive the greatest economic rewards.

answer

Functionalist

question

______ believe the greater the rewards attached to some positions in society help ensure that people will make the sacrifices necessary to acquire the training those positions demand.

answer

Functionalists

question

Which of the following theories offers a view of conformity and deviance that suggests that our connection to members of society leads us to conform systematically to society's norms?

answer

Control theory

question

The conflict view holds that social institutions

answer

maintain the privileges of the powerful individuals and groups within a society.

question

Mills suggested 2 ways in which the 3 distinct elites might be medled into one, single, internally cohesive power elite. These are:

answer

social-psychological mechanisms & structural mechanisms

question

Recent research by Domhoff shows that the corporate community has been diversifying to include more:

answer

Women and racial/ethnic minorities

question

A traditional division within the capitalist class, in terms of economic aspects, has been between the following two groups: ______________ and ________________.

answer

National capitalists and local capitalists

question

Which of the following is false regarding social class in the US?

answer

Tax policies favor the middle and lower classes

question

Which of these statements regarding wealth in the US is true?

answer

In the US, inequality is more apparent in income than in wealth

question

The most common adaptation in Robert Merton's anomie theory of deviance is

answer

Conformity

question

According to Robert Merton, an innovator is an individual who has

answer

Accepted the goals of society, but pursues them with means regarded as improper.

question

In Robert Merton's terms, people who overzealously and cruelly enforce bureaucratic regulations can be classified as

answer

ritualists

question

The process by which a society moves from a traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristics of more developed societies is called

answer

Modernization

question

The study of distinctions among different social classes is called

answer

Class analysis

question

The top 1% of the world's population controls _____ % of the entire world's wealth

answer

32%

question

The bottom 30% of the world's population controls less than _____ % of the worlds wealth

answer

question

2 billion of the world's poor live of less than _____ a day

answer

question

________ refers to the receipt of money over a period of time, whereas _______ refers to the net value of assets tht one has at a given point in time

answer

Income; wealth

question

answer

Conflict perspective

question

answer

The underclass

question

The primary way in which *most* American's accumulate wealth is through __________.

answer

Home ownership

question

Conflict theorists contend that multinational corporations are attracted to developing countries because developing countries

answer

- Have a large pool of cheap labor - Discourage strong trade unions - Often create a favorable \"climate for environment\"

question

For poor and middle-class families, consumption often ____________ reported income

answer

exceeds

question

Worlds systems theory focuses on

answer

The belief that there is a world economic system that must be understood as a single unit

question

Which soc. persp. would be most likely to suggest that multinational corporations help create social stabililty within a society by creating jobs and global enterprise?

answer

Functionalist

question

Apple Computer manufactures iPads and iPhones in

answer

China

question

In the weeks immediately following 9/11, the far reaching economic repercussions began to affect businesses and workers worldwide. This phenomenon can best be explained by

answer

globalization

question

_____________ is the type of social control exercised by common-sense understandings of what is appropriate in a specific time and place.

answer

The generalized other

question

According to the text, which of the following forces is in part responsible for the domination of the world marketplace by a few nations?

answer

- the legacy of colonialism - the advent of multinational corporations - modernization

question

Industrialized nations have high _____________ and low _______________

answer

Military spending and infant mortality

question

The majority of minimum-wage employees are

answer

adults

question

answer

The fortunes made in the 19th century Gilded Age in manufacturing and related sectors.

question

How is the measure of occupational prestige determined?

answer

A nationwide sample of people are asked to evaluate a series of different jobs

question

When viewing the global economic system, sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein draws on the

answer

Conflict perspective

question

According to the world systems analysis, a core nation is a nation that

answer

along with its multinational corporations, controls and exploits noncore nations

question

Contemporary conflict theorists are concerned with the conflict between

answer

- Women and men - Cities and suburbs - Blacks and Whites

question

Which of the following is a criticism of social disorganization theory?

answer

Seems to \"blame the victim\"

question

The managing editor of a newspaper, acting on an order from the publisher, fires three editors, one of whom is an old friend. This is an example of ________.

answer

Obedience

question

According to current statistics, over ___________ adults are serving behind bars on any given day in America.

answer

2 million

question

Which of these statements is the best description of social class in the US?

answer

The US system is elaborate; it could be depicted by a ladder with a different social class at each rung

question

What is the soc. term for the process by which people end up in any given position in the stratification system?

answer

Status attainment

question

The world system's analysis is

answer

Immanuel Wallerstein's view of the global economic system as divided between certain industrialized nations that control wealth and developing countries that are controlled and exploited

question

In the US,

answer

most people live their entire lives as members of a social class very close to the one they were born into

question

A person's socio-economic status (SES) is derived from their

answer

- income - occupational prestige - education (all)

question

The term for the total value of what one owns, minus one's debts, is

answer

wealth

question

Wages earned, child support received, and interest payments are all examples of

answer

income

question

Half of all households earn more than the __________, and the other half earn less.

answer

Modal income (?)

question

Occupational prestige ratings

answer

are subjective evaluations of the value of jobs

question

From a soc. persp, the news and other programs represented in the media,

answer

are shaped by commercial interests

question

Cultural hegemony is the term for

answer

The excessive influence of one culture in society

question

Sociologists are concerned about the concentration of cultural power, or cultural hegemony, because

answer

monopolies enable groups to achieve control yet appear to have the support of the people who are dominated

question

answer

Upper-Middle class

question

answer

Upper-Middle class

question

The political influence of this group has declined significantly as the good-producing industries of the economy, which typically had strong union membership, have contracted

answer

Working class

question

According to Gilbert, limited and erratic work histories, lack of skills, and incomplete education makes finding full-time employment difficult for members of this class

answer

Underclass

question

The lower boundary of this class, defined by commitment to employment, is blurred by the tendency of some individuals to move back and forth across it

answer

Working poor

question

Together these 2 classes make up the majority of the American class structure

answer

Middle and working classes

question

The ____________ class is defined by its independence on income-producing wealth

answer

Capitalist

question

All of the following are true about the American Middle Class EXCEPT

answer

The Middle Class has a greater political impact than other classes

question

One shortcoming of Karl Marx's work is that he failed to anticipate the

answer

extent to which political liberties and relative prosperity could contribute to false consciousness

question

Max Weber used the term \"class\" to refer to people who share a similar level of

answer

wealth and income

question

The growth of media conglomerates means that fewer organizations are involved in producing and disturbing culture. The result of this is that

answer

question

Globally, most of the work involving the assembly of goods is done by ______

answer

women and children

question

The soc. persp. that defines classes in terms of their structural relationship to other classes and their relationship to the economic system is the

answer

Conflict perspective

question

Marx believed that

answer

the middle class tends to identify with the interests of the elite

question

How does the concept of the working class differ from that of those in traditional \"blue-collar\" occupations?

answer

The working class includes many in occupations that are considered \"white-collar\"

question

What is considered to be the major theme of analysis in sociology today?

answer

Social inequality

question

A condition in which member of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige or power is referred to as

answer

Social inequality

question

A disproportional percentage of what group falls in the upper class?

answer

White, non-Hispanic

question

Karl Marx argued that social, economic, and political inequalities are dependent on

answer

Class differentiation

question

Capitalism is an economic system in which

answer

The means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profit

question

Which term is used by Karl Marx to refer to the capitalist class that owns the means of production?

answer

Bourgeiouse

question

Which theory attributes increases in crime and deviance to the absence or breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions?

answer

Social disorganization theory

question

World Systems theory suggests that

answer

Global communities are stratified socially, politically, and economically

question

answer

Feminist perspective

question

The federal tax policies of the last four decades, especially in the 1980s, and in the 10 years from 2001 to 2010 have favored

answer

The affluent

question

Which of the following would be the best example of absolute poverty?

answer

A homeless man in tattered clothes begs in the street for money and food

question

Which of the following would be seen as a contributor to poverty in the US according to your text?

answer

Large numbers of workers employed at minimum wage

question

Jamie born into an upper middle class family. Her family owned their home, and she attended a school with small class sizes and many resources. All of these factors are indicators of Jamie's

answer

Life chances

question

Which of the following are characteristics of US American ideology used to justify the capitalist system?

answer

- Equal opportunity - Meritocracy

question

The US is a _________ country, while El Salvador and Vietnam are ________ countries.

answer

Core; semiperipheral

question

The feminization of poverty rates means that

answer

Poverty is usually felt more by women than men globally.

question

What type of stratification system is feudalism?

answer

Estate system

question

The US and Western Europe have what type of stratification system?

answer

Class system

question

Colonialism is defined as

answer

The maintenance of political, social, economic and cultural dominance over a people by a foreign power for an extended period

question

What term is used by sociologists to describe a group that is set apart from others because of physical differences that have taken on social significance?

answer

Racial group

question

Women earn what percent of every dollar a man earns?

answer

80%

question

Asian Americans are identified in the text as an example of a(n)

answer

Ethnic group

question

Which term refers to the convergence of social forces that contributes to the subordinate status of poor non-White women?

answer

Matrix of domination

question

A form of marriage in which a person can have several spouses in his or her lifetime but only one spouse at a time is called ___?

answer

Serial monogamy

question

What is the general term for a marriage in which an individual can have several husbands or wives at the same time?

answer

Polygamy

question

Prejudice is a(n) ________________ while discrimination is a(n) _____________.

answer

Belief;action

question

Racism is defined as ______.

answer

A belief that one race is supreme and that all others are innately inferior

question

When racism prevails in a society, members of subordinate groups generally experience:

answer

- Exploitation - Prejudice - Discrimination (all)

question

At one time, many Puerto Ricans were effectively barred from serving in the Chicago PD because they failed to meet the height requirement. This was an example of ___

answer

Institutional discrimination

question

The Mexican people of today are the result of a gradual merging of generations of Spaniards and Indians. This is an example of :

answer

Amalgamation

question

Which of the following would NOT be an example of assimilation?

answer

A Muslim woman wears her traditional headscarf wile out shopping in her US suburb

question

What is the difference between a family and kin group?

answer

The family is a household unit, and kin do not always live together

question

What pattern of descent is most typical in the US?

answer

Bilateral

question

Patrilineal descent refers to a :

answer

Kinship system that favors the relatives of the father.

question

Which of the following equations represents assimilation?

answer

A+B+C --> A

question

Which of the following is true regarding the treatment of women in many different nations?

answer

- Denied pay equal to men - Sexually harassed in the workplace - Fired from jobs because they are pregnant (all)

question

According to Muslim tradition, :

answer

There are no restrictions on men's clothing.

question

Which of the following countries banned the wearing of the hijab in public schools?

answer

France

question

Women do the majority of the housework in which of the following?

answer

All countries

question

Which of the following group makes up the largest percentage of the Asians and Pacific Islanders group?

answer

Chinese

question

What racial or ethnic group has the highest rate of welfare dependency in the US?

answer

Southeast Asians

question

Arab Americans are descendants of people from the _______ nations of the Arab world.

answer

22%

question

The single most unifying force among Arabs is:

answer

the Muslim religion

question

Which population group represents the largest minority group in the US?

answer

Latinos

question

Since the change in US immigration policy during the 1960s to encourage immagration of relatives of US residents and people with desirable skills, where have a majority of immigrants originated from?

answer

Asia and Latin America

question

The belief that men play a variety of gender roles, including a nurturing-caring role and an effeminate-gay role, in addition to their traditional gender role of dominating women, is called:

answer

Multidimensional masculinities

question

The increasing divorce rate in the US is attribute to

answer

- A general increase in family incomes and free legal aid - More liberal divorce laws - Greater opportunities for women (all)

question

What does the text identify as the most important factor in the increase of divorce?

answer

Increase in the social acceptance of divorce

question

In a nationwide survey, 69% of respondents believed that:

answer

If one parent stayed home with the children, it makes no difference whether it is the mother or the father

question

Conflict theorists would view gender differences as

answer

A reflection of the subjugation of one group, such as women, by another group, such as men

question

William F. Ogburn noted that:

answer

Domestic partnerships are more often heterosexual than homosexual

question

In 2008, what was the median age for woman in the US at the time of her first marriage?

answer

26.3

question

Which of the following is not one of the forms of capital distinguished by Pierre Bourdieu?

answer

Political capital

question

Most studies of social mobility have focused on:

answer

men

question

Occupation is a convenient variable to use in sociological studies of social mobility because:

answer

Adults can more easily recall parental occupation than wealth or income level

question

In recent years, _________.

answer

Upward social mobility has decreased and downward social mobility has increased.

question

The type of social mobility where some must lose for others to gain is referred to as:

answer

Circulation mobility

question

answer

Structural mobility

question

Most sociological studies of social mobility have focused on _____________ as opposed to other stratification outcomes such as income or wealth.

answer

Occupation

question

A common way to measure intergenerational mobility is to compare the occupations of ___________ & ___________.

answer

Fathers & sons

question

______________ is the extent to which people move up or down in the class system.

answer

Social mobility

question

According to the \"outflow\" table that starts with fathers and asks about the mobility of their sons, we learn that the higher the father's occupation level, by a considerable margin:

answer

Sons are more likely to move up than down on the occupational ladder.

question

_____________ draws people into higher positions when some occupational categories grow rapidly while others expand slowly or shrink.

answer

Mobility updraft

question

Lareau found that upper-middle class 9 and 10 year olds __________ than working class children of same age.

answer

Live more hectically scheduled lives

question

Which of the following are NOT true about marriages?

answer

Working-class women are satisfied with the more traditional gender relationships in their marriages

question

In which group do we find the greatest transformation about the roles of husbands and wives in marriage?

answer

Daughters

question

Rubin found that men were more likely to become abusive ________.

answer

In periods of unemployment.

question

Which of the following does NOT reflect class backgrounds?

answer

Intelligence level

question

Lareau described 2 basic approaches to child rearing, which Gilbert defined as :

answer

Cultivated growth and natural growth

question

Which of the following is not one of the types of marital relationships distinguished by Rainwater?

answer

Progressive relationships

question

Marriages among the upper-middle class tend to be:

answer

Joint relationships

question

The class advantages or disadvantages that a child inherits are not just economic but also ___________.

answer

Both social and historical

question

The kind of research Lareau used was ___________, which is rare because it is expensive and time-consuming.

answer

Naturalistic observation

question

answer

Double consciousness

question

An element or a process of society that may actually disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease in stability is known as a:

answer

Dysfunction

question

Children who experience divorce in their family are more likely to experience divorce themselves when they are adults. This is an example of a:

answer

Dysfunction of families

question

Which sociologist explored what it meant to be a female and Black living in the US?

answer

Ida Wells-Barnett

question

Contemporary symbolic interactionist theorists are concerned with:

answer

How male and female gender is performed (?)

question

Which soc. persp. would most likely study the new social roles assumed by activists within a social movement?

answer

Interactionist perspective

SOC 100 Final Exam Review

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards