Snake Bites Test Questions – Flashcards
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Venom effects of a Pit Viper
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Systemic toxic effects that cause: local tissue necrosis, massive tissue swelling, intravascular fluid shifts, hypovolemic shock pulmonary edema and DIC
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What is the first priority for first aid interventions in the field?
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To move the person to a safe place away from the snake and encourage rest to decrease the venom circulation
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What should you do after you get the pt to a safe place after a snake bite?
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remove all jewelery and constrictive clothing in that area before swelling gets worse
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What is a key local sign of pit viper envenomation?
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Puncture wounds in the skin
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What should the nurse do in the field to prevent the spread of venom after a snake bite?
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Immobilize the affected extremity in a position of function with a splint; Maintain the extremity at the level of the heart
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How does the nurse assess the development of tissue edema in a snake bite?
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Measures and records the circumference of the bitten extremity every 15-30 min
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Who provides the nurse with advice for antivenom dosing and management of snake bites?
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The regional poison control center; toxicologists
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How is it decided whether or not to give antivenom?
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based on the severity of the snakebite which is determined by the grading scale for pit viper envenomation
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What is the newest and safest antivenom for pit viper bites?
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Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (CroFab)
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What should the nurse assess for prior to giving CroFab?
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If the pt has a known hypersensitivity to papain or papaya, and also a sensitivity to mercury containing products or bromelain (pineapple-derived enzyme) or sheep protein
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Why is the pt with a coral snake bite managed by PRESSURE immobilization?
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Bc the venom does not spread by blow it spreads through the lymphatic system and so pressure is needed to impede lymphatic blood flow
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IF the pt that has a coral snake bite has neurological symptoms what is the major risk?
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Aspiration of secretions and aggressive airway management should be done by ET tube to maintain airway if this occurs
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what is the antivenom for a coral snake bite?
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Antivenin Micrurus Fulvius (Wyeth)
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The most significant risk for any pt with a snake bite is what?
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Anaphylactic shock from the antivenom
