SLGY WEEK 3
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health
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a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
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Functionalist perspective
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being sick must be controlled so that not too many people are released from their societal responsibilities at one time
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sick role
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refers to a societal expectations about the attitudes and behavior of a person viewed as being ill. Submissive, Cooperative, Helpless, Exempted From Responsibility
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Talcott Parsons Outlines
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outlined the behavior required of people considered sick *they are obligated to try to get well( Seeking medical assistance or professional care) On the Physician, he outlined the following: * to either verify the patient condition as illness or designate the patient as recovered.
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Patient-physician relationship
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it is like a relationship between parent and children. Like parents, the physician helps the patient to enter society as a full functioning adult.
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Critiques to Talcott Parsons
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*Inability to deal with chronic diseases *Characterize sick people as robots
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Talcott Parsons
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-Harvard Professor of sociology - focus on the social structure of medicine
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Conflict perspective
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observe that the medical profession has assumed preeminence that extends well beyond whether to excuse a student from school or an employee from work.
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Social Epidemiology
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study of distribution of disease, impairment, and general health status across a population
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Medicalization of society
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refers to a growing role of medicine as a major role institution of social control.
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how does medicine manifest social control
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*Expanding greatly its domain of expertise in recent decades Ex: analyzing a range of issues: -sexuality (Homosexuality) -Old Age -Anxiety *Medicine serves as an agent of social control by retaining absolute jurisdiction over many health care procedures Ex: Midwives are being put apart of the realm of acceptable medicine.
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On Health care, conflict theorist often seek to look
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who benefits, who suffers, and who dominates at the expenses of others
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Example of Inequities in Health care
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poor and rural areas tend to be the more under served, because medical services concentrate where people are wealthy
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Brain drain
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the immigration to the United States and other industrialized countries of skilled workers, professionals, and technicians who are desperately needed in their home countries
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some of the 44 nations that have low infant mortality
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Japan Canada Great Britain
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Interactionist perspective
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patient are not passive
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Sexism
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is the ideology that one sex is superior than the other
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gender role
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was defined as expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes and activities of male and female.
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functional social system
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view society as a system.
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From a Global Perspective:
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The U.S. has about 27 times the number of physicians per 1,000 people that most African and Asian countries have.
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Medical bankruptcy
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For the years 2003 and 2004, just over 50 % of all personal bankruptcies were the result of medical debt by those with health insurance. Vulnerable Groups for bankruptcies 65 and older. The poor. People of Color. Single women raising children on low wages.
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basic health care models
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The Bismark model ( Germany, France, Belgium, japan, Switzerland, Netherlands) The Beveridge Model (GB, Finland, Norway, Spain and New Zealand) The National health Insurance ( Canada, South Korea and Taiwan) Out of pocket model (United States, India, African countries))
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big spender
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those who are older, have chronic medical conditions/functional limitations (hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, heart disease, cancer
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incident
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number of new cases of a specific disorder occurring within a given population during a stated period of time, usually a year.
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prevalence
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total number of cases of specific disorder that exist at a given time.
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morbidity=sickness
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number of reports of a disorder per 100,000 people.
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another type of morbidity is acute illness
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Acute illness - Less severe and frequently temporary illness (i.e. flu, pneumonia, back pain, migraines, infection).
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Another type of morbidity is chronic illness
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More severe and frequently permanent illness (i.e. Cancer, HIV/AIDS, Hypertension, Alzheimer, Diabetes, Arthritis).
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mortality rates
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incidence of death in a given population.
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life expectancy
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Average period that a person can expect to live.
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healthy life expectancy
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Average number of years that a person can expect to live in \"Full Health\" --- Without disability, injury or disease
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Associated with differences in morbidity and mortality rates:
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Lower classes have higher rates of mortality and disability than others. Appear to be cumulative over the life course Less able to afford quality medical care. More likely to live in residential environments with toxins and poor living conditions. Less likely to have health insurance.
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How is Gender, Race and Class Linked to Health and Well-being
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Race, Gender and Class represent complex systems of stratification Structure and influence our lives by determining: Resources (income, education, wealth, prestige, power) Neighborhoods or communities in which we live Our responsibilities in the family Job conditions (occupational hazards) Stressors, pressures, hassles, discrimination that we experience on a day to day basis.
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Health Disparities Basic Patterns
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Blacks Shorter life expectancies than Whites. Higher mortality rates. Worse physical health and quality of life. Women Live longer than men. Lower mortality rates. Higher rates of morbidity and hospital use. Better or similar reports of quality of life
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Karl Marx conflict theorist
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believed that countries like United States of America, care more about maximizing profits that they do about health and safety of industrial workers. Causing workers to suffer many preventable diseases or injuries
