Skull study guide
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A __ is an immovable joint found only between skull bones
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Suture
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Another name for the angle of the mandible on each side.
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Gonion
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At birth, membrane filled spaces, known as __ are found between cranial bones.
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Fontanels
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At the base of the lateral pterygoid process in the greater wing is the __ __. (mandibular nerve)
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Foramen ovale
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Between the body and lesser wing of the sphenoid the __ __ is located. (optic nerve)
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Optic formen
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Between the squamous and petrous portions is a socket called the __ __. The mandible articulates with this part of temporal bone.
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Mandibular fossa
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Each ramus of the mandible has a: __ process, __ notch, __ process.
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Coronoid, mandible, condyloid
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Fontanels are also referred to as __ __
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Soft spots
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Frontal fontanel and bregma are also known as __ __?
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Anterior fontanel
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If the palatine process of the maxilla does not unite before birth a condition called __ __ results. Another form is __ __, involves a split in the upper lip.
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Cleft palate; cleft lip
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IN newly formed embryo the "skeleton" consists of cartilage of __ membrane structures shaped like bones.
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Fibrous
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Inflammation of the mastoid air cells, known as __, the infection may spread to the brain and its outer covering.
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Mastoiditis
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Amount of bones that make up cerebral cranium
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8
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Amount of bones that make up visceral cranium.
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14
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Malar bones and cheekbones are also known as the __ __.
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Zygomatic bones
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Mastoid fontanels are also known as __ __.
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Posterolateral fontanel
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Occipital fontanel and Lambda are also known as __ __?
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Posterior fontanel.
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Projecting from the inferior portion of the squama is the __ process. It articulates with the temporal process of the __ bone. The __ process of the temporal bone together with the temporal process of the __ bone constitutes the __ arch.
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Zygomatic (for all)
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Sphenoidal fontanels are also known as __ __?
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Anterolateral
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The __ __ is located at the junction of the anterior and medial parts of the sphenoid bone. (Maxillary branch)
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Foramen rotundum
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The __ __ or labrynths of the ethmoid bone compose most of the wall between the nasal cavity and the orbits.
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Lateral masses
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The __ __ is bounded anteriorly by the sphenoid bone, and medially by the sphenoid and occipital bones.
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Foramen lacerum
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The __ __ is the part above the ear.
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Flat aquamous
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The __ of sphenoid bone is the central part and lies in the midline of the floor of the skill in front of the occipital but behind the ethmoid.
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Body
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The __ sinuses open into the nose and contain air.
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Ethmoid
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The __ __ are anterior and superior to the greater wing. Form part of floor of cranium and posterior part of orbit.
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Lesser wing
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The __ __ lies at the posterior angle of the sphenoid and transmits the middle meningeal vessels.
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Foramen spinosum
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The __ __ of the sphenoid are lateral projections from the body and form the anterolateral floor of the cranium. It also forms part of the lateral wall of the skull just anterior to the temporal bone. The posterior portion of each __ __ contains a triangular projection, the __ __, that fits into the angle between that squama and petrous portion of the temporal bone.
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Greater wings, sphenoid spine
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The __ __ forms part of the base of the skull.
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Petrous part
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The __ __ is behind the ear.
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Mastoid portion
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The __ __ of the occipital bone is a large hole in the inferior part of the bone which the medulla oblongata and its membranes, the accessory nerve (XI) and the vertebral and spinal arteries pass.
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Foramen magnum
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The __ foramen (canal) is round and located anterior to the occipital condyles. Lateral to the round __foramen is the __ foramen. The __ foramen is slightly posterior as well as lateral, and located anterior to the occipital bone.
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Carotid, carotid, jugular, jugular
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The __ is the bridge of the nose.
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Nasion
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The __ portion of the temporal bone is located posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus, and ear canal. In adults this portion of bone contains a number of __ __ __.
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Mastoid, mastoid air cells
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The __, , also known as auricle, is the prominent cartilage of the outer ear.
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Pinna
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The __ __ is the curved posterior wall of the sella turicica. On the superior border of the __ __are two __ __ __. The __ __ __are two small bony projections that extend back over the sella turcica from the lesser wing of the sphenoid.
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Dorsum sella, dorsum sella, posterior clinoid process, anterior clinoid processes
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The __ __ projects downward form the undersurface of the temporal bone and serves as a point of attachment for muscles and ligaments of the tongue and neck.
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Styloid process
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The __ __ is a rounded projection of the temporal bone posterior to the external auditory meatus, and serves as a point of attachment for several neck muscles.
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Mastoid process
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The __ __ __ are oval processes with the convex surfaces, one on either side of the foramen magnum, which articulates with the depression on the first cervical vertebra. (Occipital Bone)
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Occipital condyles
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The __ bone forms the posterior part and the lower one third of the cranial floor. It joins posteriorly with the two parietal bones to from the __ suture.
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Occipital, lambdoidal
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The __ cranium is made up of 14 bones.
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Visceral
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The __ part of the occipital bones is the flat part at the back of the head.
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Squamosal
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The __ cranium is made up of 8 bones.
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Cerebral
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The body of the maxilla is large, forms part of the cheek and lies lateral to the nose. Each maxillary bone contains a __ __, which empties into the nasal cavity and contains air.
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Maxillary sinus
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The body of the sphenoid bone contains a large air space, the __ __ , which drains into the nasal cavity.
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Sphenoidal sinus
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The cerebral cranium is also referred to as the __.
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Calvarium
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The frontal squama gradually slopes down from the __ suture, and then turns abruptly downward. It projects slightly above its lower edge on either side of the midline to form the __ __. Inferior to each eminence is a horizontal ridge, the __ __, caused by the projection of the frontal sinuses posterior to the eyebrow. Between the eminences and the arches just superior to the nose is a flattened area, known as __. A thickening of the frontal bone inferior to the superciliary arches is the __ __. From this margin the frontal bone extends posteriorly to form the roof of the orbit and part of the floor of the cranial cavity.
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Coronal, frontal eminences, superciliary arch, glabella, supraorbital margin
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The frontal suture usually disappears by the age six, but if it does not close it is referred __ __.
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Metopic suture
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The labyrinths contain two thin, scroll-shaped bones on either side of the nasal septum. They are called __ and __. They allow the efficient circulation and filtration of inhaled air before it passes into the trachea, bronchi, lungs, and aid in speech.
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Superior nasal concha, middle nasal concha
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The lateral parts of the __ bone lay one on each side of the foramen magnum.
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Occipital
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The mental protuberance is also referred to as the __.
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Chin
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The paired __ bones unite to form the upper jawbone. It articulates with every bone of the face except the mandible, as well as with the frontal bone, sphenoid bone, and ethmoid bone.
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Maxillae
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The paired __ bones are thin four-sided flat bones roughly resembling a fingernail in size and shape. They are the smallest bones of the face. They can be seen in the anterior and lateral views of skull.
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Lacrimal
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The septum of the nose lies under the junction of the two __ bones.
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Nasal
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The skull includes a total of how many bones?
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22
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The skull is also known as the __.
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Cranium
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The temporal process and the zygomatic process form the __ __
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Zygomatic arch
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The triangular slit on the lateral side of the sphenoid bone and between the great and lesser wing, and transmits several nerves is called the __ __ __.
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Superior orbital fissue
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The visceral cranium is as referred to as the __ bones.
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Facial
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The visceral cranium is as referred to as the __ bones.
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Palatine bone, horizontal plates
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These bones are paired and form most of the lateral wall and part of the roof of the skull. They meet in the midline of the roof to form the __ suture. These anterior borders meet the frontal bone to form the __ suture. The internal surface has many eminences and depressions that accommodate the blood vessels supplying the outer meninx of the brain called __ __. The __ __ is a bony prominence on each outer surface of the parietal bones.
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Sagittal, coronal, dura mater, parietal eminence
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This bone is light, spongy and located in the anterior part of the floor of the cranium between the orbits. It is anterior to the sphenoid and posterior to the nasal bones. It forms part of the anterior portion of the cranial floor, the medial wall of the orbits, the superior portions of the nasal septum and most of the sidewalls of the nasal roof. It is the principle supporting structure of the nasal cavity.
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Ethmoid bone
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This bones helps form a small part of the lateral wall of the skull on each side as well as part of the base. It lies behind the facial bones, with the frontal bone as well, in front. The base of the occipital bones lies behind it. What is it?
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Sphenoid bone
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True/False: Soft spots are areas where the bone making process if complete.
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False
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True/False: The distance between the parietal eminences are the greatest transverse diameter of the skull.
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True
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True/False: The fontal bone is two separate bones in a fetus.
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True
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True/False: The mastoid air cells drain as the paranasal sinuses.
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False
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True/False: The two nasal bones form the nasion.
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True
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True/False: Very little connective tissue is found between the bones of the suture.
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True
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What allows for the circulation and filtration of air before it passes into the lungs, but are separate bones and not part of the ethmoid?
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The 3 conchae
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What bone forms the forehead and part of the roof of the skull, the superior portion of the orbits, and most of the anterior part of the cranial floor?
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Frontal
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What bone forms the inferior sides of the cranium and part of the cranial floor.
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Temporal
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What bone of the axial skeleton does not articulate with any other bone?
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Hyoid
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What bones are small islands of bones within the sutures of the skull?
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Wormian bones
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What bony prominence can be seen radiographically?
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Internal occipital protuberance
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What bony prominence is on the outer surface of the squamous part of the occipital bone in the MSP, which is easily palpated?
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External occipital protuberance
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What depression houses the pituitary gland?
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Sella turcica
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What divides the nose into left and right nostrils?
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Inferior border of vomer and the septum
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What does lacrimal mean?
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Tear
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What does MSP stand for?
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Midsagittal plane
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What does sella turcica mean?
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Turk's saddle
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What does the base of the occipital bone articulate with what bone to help form the floor of the skull?
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Sphenoid bone
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What does the inner ear contain which is concerned with equilibrium?
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3 semicircular canals
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What does the Middle-ear cavity in the petrous part medial to the ear drum contain and what is its function?
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Auditory ossicles, the malleus, incus, and the stapes; transmits sound
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What fontanel is located between the angles of the two parietal bones and the two segments of the fontanel bones?
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Anterior fontanel
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What fontanel is located on each side of the skull at the junction of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones?
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Anterolateral fontanel
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What fontanel is situated between the two parietal bones and the occipital bone?
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Posterior fontanel
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What fontanel is situated on each side of the skull at the junction of the parietal, occipital, and temporal bones?
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Posterolateral fontanel
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What foramen do dentist inject anesthetics through?
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Metal foramen
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What foramen does the infraorbital nerve and artery pass through?
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Infraorbital foramen
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What foramen does the supraorbital nerve and artery pass through?
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Supraorbital foramen
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What foramina do the tear ducts pass into the nasal cavity?
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Lacrimal foramina
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What is a thin, large, expanded area that forms the anterior and superior part of the temple?
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Squama
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What is another name for maxillary sinus?
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Antrum of Highmore
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What is another term for concha?
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Turbinates
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What is clearly seen on the anterior view of the skull, and is rough triangular bone that forms the inferior and posterior part of the nasal septum?
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Vomer
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What is the bone description?
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Cranial bones consist of external and internal plates of compact bone and a middle spongy later
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What is the canal passage from the nasopharynx to the middle ear, which opens into the thoat above the tonsil on each side? If infected, may cause earache.
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Auditory of Eustachian tube
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What is the depression between the coronoid and condylar processes?
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Mandibular notch
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What is the function of hyoid?
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Supports the tongue
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What is the function of the frontal sinuses?
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Acts as sound chamber which gives voice resonance
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What is the lower jawbone and largest and strongest facial bone?
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Mandible
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What is the only moveable bone in the skull?
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Mandible
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What is the purpose of fontanels?
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Allow skull to be conpressed at birth
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What is the purpose of the cerebral cranium?
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Protect the brain from injury, and protect the organs of sight, hearing, and balance
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What is the purpose of the visceral cranium?
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Forms bony cavities for the protection of the eyes, nasal passages, and mouth
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What is the range of ethmoid air cells in each labyrinth?
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3-18
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What meatus is superior to the jugular foramen?
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Internal acoustic meatus
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What meatus is the canal in the temporal bone that leads to the middle ear?
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External auditory meatus
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What nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal (fossa)?
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Hypoglossal nerve
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What nerves function in smell?
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Olfactory Nerve
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What part of the mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
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Condylar process
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What portion of the temporal is at the floor of the cranial cavity, triangular and located at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital bones, and contains an internal ear?
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Petrous portion
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What process of the maxillae extends down from the body to accommodate the upper teeth on each side and contain the bony sockets into which the teeth are set?
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Alveolar process
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What process of the maxillae extends laterally from the body to meet the maxillary process of the zygomatic bone?
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Zygomatic process
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What process of the maxillae is a horizontal projection of the maxilla that forms the anterior and larger part of the hard palate, or anterior portion of the roof o
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Palantine process
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What processes form part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?
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Pterygoid process
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What structures form the nasal septum?
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Perpendicular plate of ethmoid; vomer; cartilage
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What suture is found between the frontal and the two parietal bones?
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Coronal suture
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What suture is found between the parietal bones and the occipital bones?
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Lambdoidal suture
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What suture is found between the parietal bones and the temporal bones?
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Squamosal suture
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What suture is found between the two parietal bones in the MSP?
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Sagittal suture
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What three parts does the temporal bone have?
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Flat squamous, mastoid portion, petrous part
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What two fontanels are diamond-shaped?
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Anterior and posterior fontanels
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What two fontanels are paired?
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Anterolateral and posterolateral fontanels
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Where is the anterior nasal spine located?
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Acanthion
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Where is the hyoid located?
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In neck between the mandible and larynx
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Which fontanel is the largest of the six?
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Anterior fontanel
