Shasta College Fire Academy, IFSTA Chapter 1
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What was the the first fire organization in America?
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Surveyors of Buildings
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What enhanced the trend toward fire protection in the 1700's?
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Advancements in technology
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What is the effect of the use of steel in urban construction on the potential for disastrous fires?
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It combined large numbers of people with limited means of escape
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What organization was formed in 1896 to develop consensus-based codes intended to ensure fire and life safety?
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National Fire Protection Association
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What NFPA standard was published in 1897?
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National Electric Code
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What historic fire resulted in limitations on the amount of combustible materials in assembly occupancies?
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Iroquois Theater Fire, Chicago
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What historic fire resulted in NFPA changes in fire sprinkler and crowd management requirements for assembly occupancies?
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Station Nightclub Fire, West Warwick, Rhode Island
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What event resulted in an emphasis on communication between agencies during disasters?
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World Trade Center and Pentagon Attacks
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What trend of change in the fire service lead to the establishment of the National Commission on Fire Prevention?
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Fire prevention and public safety education
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What trend of change in the fire service lead to the publication of the 16 Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives in 2004?
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Firefighter Safety
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What fire service cultural strengths requires the ability to confront fear and uncertainty in the curse of duty?
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Courage
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What trend of change in the fire service is impacted by U.S. federal regulations such as OSHA 1910.120 and the Superfund Amendments and Reathorization Act of 1986?
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Hazardous materials
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What determines the type and level of fire service needed to protect citizens?
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Authority having jurisdiction
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What is the fire service mission?
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To save lives and protect property
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What trend of change in the fire service means that firefighters are usually the first to arrive at the scene of natural disasters?
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All hazard mitigation
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What are the 4 organizational characteristics of the fire service?
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A command structure, including chain of command Ranks to define positions withing the structure Uniforms, badges, and symbols of rank An emphasis on teamwork, discipline, and follow orders
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What is the best way to overcome the cultural challenges present in the fire service?
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Treat new personnel as you would want to be treated
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What cultural strength requires doing the right thing simply because it is right?
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Integrity
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What fire service cultural strength requires that a firefighter's behavior be right or just?
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Moral character
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How are public fire and emergency services organizations funded?
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By the community through taxes and fees
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How are private fire and emergency services organizations funded?
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By the parent organization through contracts
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In which type of staffing are personnel that reside at the fire station fully paid by the jurisdiction?
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Career (full-time)
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In which type of staffing are personnel fully paid by the jurisdiction and summoned to the fire station be a community signal?
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Career (on-call)
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In which type of staffing do personnel perform all required functions with minimum or no pay?
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Volunteer
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What is a typical duty of line personnel?
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Fire suppression
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What is a duty of staff personnel?
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Training
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What is the basic unit of the fire service?
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Company
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What is a variety of company types located within a response area?
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Battalion
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What company performs fire suppression at a structure, vehicle, wildland, and other types of fires?
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Engine company
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What type of company provides access to upper levels of a structure?
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Truck Company
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What company protects structures in the wildland/urban interface?
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Brush Company
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What type of company may provide transportation to a medical facility?
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Emergency medical company
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What type of company performs duties that may include rapid intervention for firefighters?
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Special Rescue Company
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What NFPA standard sets the minimum qualifications for Firefighter 1 and 2?
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1001
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What positions are trained to operate pumps and aerial devices in accordance with NFPA 1002?
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Fire apparatus driver/operator
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What position is certified in tasks related to airport operations by NFPA 1003?
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Airport fireighter
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What position is trained in accordance with NFPA 472?
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Hazardous materials technician
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What position is trained to handle high angle rescue situations in accordance with NFPA 1006?
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Rescue Technician
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What position is trained to extinguish fires in outdoor vegetation in accordance with NFPA 1051?
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Wildland Firefighter
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What officer is responsible for supervising a fire company in the station?
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Company officer
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What officer supervises a group of fire companies and stations?
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District/Battalion chief
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What medical position must possess the basic knowledge and skills to provide lifesaving interventions while awaiting additional emergency medical services response?
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Emergency Medical Responder
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What medical position provides basic emergency medical care and transportation for critical and emergent patients?
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Emergency Medical Technician
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What medical position provides basic and limited advanced emergency medical care and transport for critical and emergent patients?
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Advanced emergency medical technician
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What medical position must possess the advanced knowledge and skills necessary to provide patient care and transport?
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Paramedic
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What fire prevention positions performs periodic inspections of various types of occupancies?
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Fire prevention officer/inspectors
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What fire prevention position makes presentations to inform the public about fire causes?
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Public fire and life safety educator
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What fire prevention position ensures fire protection systems comply with local safety codes?
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Fire protection engineer/specialist
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What staff function oversees a departments occupational safety and health program?
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Fire department health and safety officer
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What staff function dispatches units to incident scenes?
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Telecommuniators
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What staff functions maintains municipal fire alarm systems?
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Fire alarm maintenance personnel
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What staff function manages the collection and entry of electronic databases?
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Information Systems Personnel
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What staff function provides secretarial and record keeping support for the department?
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Clerical staff
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What fire service organizational principles uses visible authority relationships to maintain unity of command?
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Chain of command
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What fire service organizational principle establishes the maximum number of subordinates that any one supervisor can effectively control?
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Span of control
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What fire service organizational principle is necessary to make specific and clear cut assignments?
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Division of labor
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What fire service organizational principles is administered through clearly communicated rules within the organization?
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Discipline
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What is the first step to take when locating information in your departments regulations?
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Ask your supervisor
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What is the most likely place to find recent amendments to department policies would be posted in the work place?
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On a bulletin board
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What defines the boundaries and standards that administration expects members to use?
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Policy
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A ____ is a set of protocols or procedure developed by a committee through consensus.
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Standard
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What outside agency can assist the fire service by providing heavy equipment for confined space rescue?
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Public works
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Which outside agency can assist the fire service by alerting the public when large scale evacuations are necessary?
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Media
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Where and when was the first recorded fire in the new world?
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Jamestown in 1608
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In ___ the city of ____ banned thatched roofs and wooden chimneys to prevent the outbreak of fires.
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1631, Boston
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Boston purchased its first engine in ____ and formed its the first ever paid fire company in _____
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1653, 1678
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The first fire organization was formed when and where?
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1647, New Amsterdam
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A group of men who acted as fire wardens but had no special authority while a fire was in progress focusing only on prevention work.
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Surveyors of Buildings 1647
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When was the New Amsterdam Fire company formed and what tools were at their disposal?
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1658, leather fire buckets, hooks, and small ladders
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What drove the trend toward organized fire protection?
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New technology
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By the 19th century ____ structural members had replaced ____ frames. These were later replaced by ____ which was lighter and stronger.
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Iron, wooden, steel
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What was the impact of the introduction of steel high rise buildings?
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Allowed large numbers of people to work in tall buildings that had combustible contents with limited means of escape
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What year was the National Fire Protection Association formed and what was their function?
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1896, develop consensus based codes and standards intended to ensure safety.
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What was the first NFPA code and what shortly followed it in 1897?
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NFPA 13 Regulated fire sprinklers followed by the National Electric Code
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Society tends to be ____ rather than ____ when it comes to fire and life safety.
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Reactive; Proactive
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This fire enacted the requirement of panic hardware on exit door, outward swinging doors, limited number of seats in an isle, and amount of combustible material allowed in places of assembly.
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Iroquois Theater Fire
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This fire was due to unprotected elevator shafts and stairways that caused rapid spread of fire and enacted the requirement of fire doors and walls, sprinkler systems, large water mains, additional fire alarm boxes and removal of overhead obstructions along streets.
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The Great Fire of 1904
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This fire resulted in NFPA 101 life safety code which established requirements for means of egress.
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Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
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This fire had a high death toll because of overcrowding and the use of interior combustible materials with no emergency lighting and lead to stricter fire and life safety requirements for assembly occupancies
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Cocoanut Grove Nightclub Fire
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In what fire was paraffin and gasoline used to make the structure waterproof and exits inadequate or blocked that resulted in development of life safety standards for tents.
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Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus Fire
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In what fire were the casualties produced by unprotected stairwells, a combustible interior finish, and the lack of a fire alarm system and brought additional attention to the need of better design of schools, the requirement of alarm systems and the need for enclosed stairwells. Also required schools to conduct evacuation drills.
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Our Lady of the Angels School Fire
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This fire was due to unsprinklered areas and smoke spread into the tower via stair wells, elevator shafts, and ventilation pipe shafts. It then required all medium and high-rise buildings to instal sprinkler systems.
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MGM Grand Hotel Fire
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In what fire did the lack of sprinkler systems allow the rapid spread of fire and occupants tried escaping through the main entrance rather than using near by exits. It resulted in greater awareness of need for occupants of any type of occupancy to be aware of exits and NFPA changes in fire sprinkler and crowd management requirements.
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Station Nightclub Fire
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This fire increased emphasis on structural collapse confined space and search and rescue training and equipment but installation of security barriers around government facilities has limited access and increased operational challenges.
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Murrah Building Bombing
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What event lead to an emphasis on increased funding and interoperability for emergency responders.
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World Trade Center and Pentagon Terrorist
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What are the eight general trends of change in the fire service?
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Fire prevention and public safety education Firefighter Safety Emergency medical services Hazardous materials Terrorism Natural disasters (all hazard mitigation) Professionalization of the fire service Community based fire protection
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The fire research and safety act of 1968 authorized the formation of what and for what purpose?
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The National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control; to determine how to reduce fire loss in America.
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What did the NCFPC publish that emphasized in the need for public fire and life safety education and prevention programs?
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America Burning
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In ____ a second edition, ____ _____ _____ described the evolution of fire safety and reemphasized the continuing need for public education.
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1987, America Burning Revisited
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Firefighter line of duty deaths have remained fairly constant, averaging ___ per year. Total injuries have also stayed at around ______ per year.
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100; 80,000
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National Fallen Firefighters Foundation hosted the Firefighter Life Safety Summit in 2004. This summit resulted in the _____ _____ _____ program and the ___ (number) Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives intended to reduce LODDs by 50% by 2014.
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Everyone Goes Home; 16
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The fire service is sometimes referred to as a _______ organization because of its organizational characteristics.
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paramilitary
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What are the four organizational characteristics of the fire service?
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A command structure (Chain of Command) Ranks to define positions within the structure Uniforms, Badges, symbols of rank An emphasis on teamwork , discipline and following orders
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What are the four cultural challenges of the fire service?
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Diversity Resistance to change Differences in personal characteristics Accepting personal responsibility
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What is today's goal of diversity?
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To better reflect the composition of the local community
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What cultural challenge involves new firefighters to remain flexible and begin to embrace change?
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Resistance to change
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What are our personal characteristics are founded on?
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our world view
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What are the eight cultural strengths of the fire service?
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Integrity Moral Character Work Ethic Pride Courage Loyalty Respect Compassion
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______ means following a strict ethical code and doing the right thing simply because in is right, not because it is required.
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Integrity
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____ ____ also involves right or just behavior, but with emphasis on trust.
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Moral Character
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___ ____ is having a means of valuing the virtues of hard work and thoroughness.
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Work Ethic
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For most firefighters, being a part of the fire service gives them a feeling of self-respect and self-worth, this is called ____.
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Pride
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____ is the ability to confront fear, pain, danger, or uncertainty.
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Courage
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What functions does the AHJ serve?
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Determining what services are needed by the citizens and assigns functions and responsibilities to specific jobs and ranks. It also sets the minimum levels of training and certification for ranks.
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The organizational structure forms a _____ with the chief of the department a the tip and the firefighters forming the base.
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pyramid hierarchy
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Fire and emergency services organizations can be either ___ or ____ with most in the U.S. being _____.
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Public; Private; Public
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Which type of staffing work a required schedule and receive pay and benefits for their work?
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Career Firefighters
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Which type of staffing do not work from a set schedule but must respond to all incidents to which they are called, may be required to attend weekly training sessions and station work days?
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Volunteer Firefighters
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What type of department is maintained by cities and are continually staffed?
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Career departments
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What type of department is not continually staffed and is overseen by local government or elected board of directors. The personnel are summoned to the station in some manner and usually respond from home or work?
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Volunteer department
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What department duty delivers emergency services to external customers?
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Line personnel
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What department duty provides administrative and logistical support for internal customers in areas like financing maintenance and training?
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Staff personnel
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What is the basic unit of fire fighting operations?
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company
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Multiple companies within a response area are grouped into a _____ and are overseen by the operations division.
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battalion
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What company performs fire suppression duties at a structure, vehicle, wildland, and other types of fires, such as providing a water supply and advancing hoselines?
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Engine company
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What company performs forcible entry, search and rescue, ventilation, salvage and overhaul, and utilities control, and provides access to upper levels of a structure?
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Truck Company
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What company searches and removes victims from areas of danger or entrapment and may perform technical rescues?
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Rescue company
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What company extinguishes ground cover or grass fires and protects structures in areas close to fields and woodlands referred to as the wildland/urban interface?
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Brush company
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What company mitigates hazardous materials incidences?
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Hazardous Materials Company
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What company provides emergency medical care to patients and may transport them?
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Emergency Medical company
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What company performs technical rescues including rapid intervention for the rescue of firefighters?
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Special rescue company
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What company performs rescue and fire suppression activities involving aircraft accidents?
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Aircraft rescue and fire fighting company
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Professional qualifications for firefighters are based on what NFPA standard?
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1001
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To be considered for employment by a fire department a candidate must first meet what criteria?
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Minimum education requirements (AHJ) Age requirement (AHJ) Medical requirements (NFPA 1582) Job related physical fitness (AHJ)
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What is the primary difference between a Firefighter I and Firefighter II?
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FFI works under the supervision of a FFII or company officer while a FFII is trained to coordinate FFI and FFII personnel while working under the supervision of a company officer
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What NFPA code regulates Fire apparatus driver?
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1002
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NFPA code for airport firefighter?
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1003
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NFPA code for Haz Mat techs?
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472
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NFPA code for Rescue techs?
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1006
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NFPA code for wildland firefighters?
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1051
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NFPA code for fire department incident safety officer?
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1521
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NFPA code for fire police personnel?
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no NFPA standard
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NFPA code for fire department officer?
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1021
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What are all the types of department officers?
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Company officer District or Battalion Chief Assistant or Deputy Chief Fire Marshals Fire Chief
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Name the personnel who provide immediate lifesaving care to critical patients while awaiting EMS assistance.
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EMR
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Name the personnel who provide basic emergency medical care and transportation for critical and emergent patients.
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EMT
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Name the personnel who provide basic and limited advanced emergency medical care and transportation for critical and emergent patients.
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AEMT
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Name the personnel who provide advanced emergency medical care for critical and emergent patients.
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Paramedics
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____ _____ is an important line function that is completely separate from emergency operations.
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Fire prevention
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NFPA code for fire prevention officers and plans examiners?
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1031
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NFPA code for fire and arson investigators?
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1033
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NFPA code for fire and life safety educators?
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1035
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NFPA code for fire department health and safety officer?
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1500 and 1521
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NFPA code for telecommmunicators?
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1061
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NFPA code for fire alarm maintenance personnel?
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72
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NFPA code for apparatus and equipment maintenance personnel?
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1071
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What personnel manage electronic databases such as those used for fire reporting?
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Information Systems
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What personnel provide secretarial administrative and record keeping support?
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Clerical Staff
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NFPA code for instructors and training officers?
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1041
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What are the five organizational principles of the fire service?
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Chain of command Span of Control Discipline Unity of Command Division of Labor
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What is the formal line of authority, responsibility, and communication within an organization?
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Chain of Command
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What term refers to the principle that each employee reports directly to just on supervisor?
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Unity of Command
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This principle establishes the maximum number of subordinates or functions that any one supervisor can control, typically 3-7 optimally 5?
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Span of control
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What is the process of dividing large jobs into smaller jobs in order to make them more manageable, equalize work loads, and increase efficiency?
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Division of Labor
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What are the three reasons division of labor is necessary?
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To assign responsibility To assign specific and clear cut tasks To prevent duplication of effort
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_____ refers to an organizations responsibility to provide leadership and an individuals responsibility to follow orders. It is administered through rules, regulations, and policies.
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Discipline
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A ____ is a guide to decision making within an organization determined by op management and then distributed to lower ranks. They set boundaries and establish standards of conduct.
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Policy
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Some policies are unwritten and are known as ____ ____ or ____ _____, common when no clear policy exists or they are out dated.
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organizational norms; past practices
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____ are detailed written plans that list specific steps for approaching a reoccurring problem or situation.
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Procedures
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Policies may be the result of federal mandates, state/provincial regulations, or local government laws and ordinances that directly affect the fire department. (True/False)
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True
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A _____ is a set of principals, protocols, or procedures that is developed by commitees through consensus. Typically they explain how to do something or provide a set of minimum standards to be followed.
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Standard
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A ____ is a collection of rules and regulations that has been enacted by law in a particular jurisdiction.
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Code
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Who are codes enforced by?
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A jurisdictions building or fire department
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____ and ___ are issued from the top of the chain of command and used to implement departmental policies and procedures. May be written or verbal.
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Orders; directives
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What is the main function of working with emergency disaster agencies?
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They manage emergency and disaster response by coordinating multiagency activities.
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What functions do law enforcement aid the fire service with?
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Scene security, traffic and crowd control, and firefighter protection. May also aid in fire determination explosive disposal, and intel gathering.
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What functions do utility companies provide?
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Shutting off gas, water and electricity lines.
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What are some of the many functions of the public works department?
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Heavy equipment for confined space rescue Earth moving equipment Flood control \" Sand for spills Barriers and signs to direct traffic Facility maintenance and repair Engineers to determine integrity of biuldings
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When approached by the media at an emergency scene you are expected to not offer an opinion or answer questions unless directed to and should instead direct them to who?
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IC ranking officer or Public Information Officer (PIO)
