Section 8.4 Transcription Review – Flashcards
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Central dogma
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States that information flows in one direction from dna to rna to proteins
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Central dogma involves 3 processes
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1. Replication copies DNA 2. Transcription converts a DNA message into an intermediate molecule called RNA 3. Translation interprets an RNA message into a string of amino acids, called a polypeptide
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Name the location of each process translation transcription and replication
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Translation: cytoplasm Transcription and replication: nucleus
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RNA is made up of
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A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen containing base
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What 3 things differ RNA to DNA
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1.The sugar in RNA is ribose 2. RNA has the base uracil instead of thymine 3. RNA is a single stand of nucleotides
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Transcription
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The process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA
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RNA polymerases
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Enzymes that bond nucleotides together
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Similarities of transcription and replication
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Both occur within nucleus Both are catalyzed by large, complex enzymes Both involve unwinding of the DNA double helix Both involve complementary base pairing to DNA strand
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Messenger RNA mRNA
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An intermediate message that is translated to form a protein
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Ribosomal RNA rRNA
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Forms part of ribosomes, a cells protein factories
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Transfer RNA tRNA
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Brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein
