SECTION 1-3 – Flashcards
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Gildes Age
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The nickname described this era, b/c many flaws are hidden in the layer of good thing.
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In the late 1800s most Americans, in theory, supported a laissez-faire approach to economic matters.
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Holds that government should pay a very limited role in business.
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Laissez faire
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Non-interference, government pays limit roll in economy.
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After congress awarded the Union Pacific Railroad loans and land for the transcontinental railroad, a notorious scandal occurred.
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Credit Mobilier Scandal
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Credit Mobilier Scandal
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Union Pacific hired an outside company—Credit Mobilier—to build the actual tracks that Union Pacific trains would ride upon. Credit Mobilier charged Union Pacific far beyond the value of the work done, and money flowed from the federal government through the Union Pacific railroad to the shareholders of Credit Mobilier.
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The spoils system had negative consequences for American politics.
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Bribery in politics Government lead by unqualified people
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Spoils system
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reward people who help you get elected elected officials appointed friends and supporters to government jobs, regardless of their qualifications.
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During the Gilded Age, sharp differences existed between Republicans and Democrats on major issues.
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Republicans - favored a tight money supply backed by gold, -high tariffs -generous pensions for Union soldiers -government aid to the railroads -strict limits on immigration -enforcement of blue laws, regulations that prohibited certain private activities that some people considered immoral. Democrats - favored an increased money supply backed by silver -lower tariffs -higher farm prices -less government aid to big business, -fewer blue laws.
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Blue laws
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Regulation prohibit certain private activities. Ex. Alcohol sold in sunday
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Political leaders tried to reform the spoils system in the late 1800.
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Rutherford B. Hayes tried to reform spoils system
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Government officials tried but failed to regulate the railroads.
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Lawyers for railroad companies argued that under the constitution- only the federal government could regulate interstate commerce. Interstate RR traffic thus remained unregulated.
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Subsidy
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The government makes payment to encourage development of key industry.
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Civil Service
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An office that is gained because of a favor
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Pendleton Civil Service Act
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Created the civil service commision
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Munn v. Illinois
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Gives States the right to regulate business in their borders.
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In the late 1800s, people from all over the world fled their homelands because...
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-Crop Failures -Shortage of land/job -Rising taxes -Religious/ political percicution
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Beginning in 1982, some immigrants to the United States were denied admission because...
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They have a contagious disease.
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Many European immigrants settled near ports of entry and inland cities because...
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They wants to be with other immigrants from their homeland
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Very few immigrants settled in the South because..
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That region does not offer newcomers enough job.
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Asian immigrants were often targets of suspicion, hostility, and discrimination because...
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of cultural differences
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Chinese immigrants tended to live in their own ethic communities because...
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It help them to avoid conflic with other non-asian neighbors.
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In the early 1900s, many Mexicans immigrated to southwestern land because..
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They could find jib in farming, mining and ranching.
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pogroms
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The violent massicur that occured in Russia at 1880.
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Steerage
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A larger open area where immigrant hang out to cross the ocean.
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quarantine
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A time of isolation for people who have a disease .
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Chinese Exclusion Act
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Law prohibit Chinese labor go into the country.
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Gentlemen Agreement
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U.S agree Japanese get educated, Japan will control number of immigrant
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alien
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non-citizon
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Factories produced goods for merly made by farm women, and new machines reduced the need of natural labor.
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The percentage of the population living in farm fell dramatically.
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Segregation and violence racial acts, natural disaster in the south...
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African American moved from rural areas to cities.
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The use of trolleys, subways, automobiles, and elevators became widespread.
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Cities grew taller, building grew taller, specialized district developed.
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Abandoned building, poverty, overcrowding, neglect...
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Old urban residential neighborhoods gradually declined.
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The middle and upper classes began moving to the suburbs.
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Gap between rich and poor are wider.
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Suburb
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Residential communities surrounding the cities.
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Tenement
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Low-cost apartment building
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Political Machine
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An unofficial city organization designed to keep a particular group or party in power, usually lead by a powerful boss.
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Graft
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The use of one's job to gain profit.
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Social gospel movement, Jewish synagogues, and federal council of the churches of CHRIST all have what in common?
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Federal council and Jewish synagogues were active in Gospel movement due to the Social gospel movement (helping the poor learn about the gospel)
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Ellen Gates Starr, Jane Addams, Lillian Wald all have what in common?
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The rest promoted the settlement house, tried to make other people's lives better
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Immigration restriction league, American Protective Association, and Nativism all have what in common?
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They are all against allowing immigrants to have rights (due to fear, competition for jobs, and the fear of disease)
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Anti-Saloon League, Prohibition party, and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union all have what in common?
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They fight against the buying, selling, and transportation of alcohol. mostly women led this because their husbands would do dumb things when they were drunk. Those people believe that it will corrupt people.
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Settlement house
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Community center that offers social skills: for people to get help
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Temperance movement
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Organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption
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Prohibition
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The amendment that ban on the manufacturing and selling of alcohol beverages.
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Vice
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Immoral or corrupt behavior; something that is illegal or unhealthy
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During the 1890's, Southern states employed several tactics to deny African Americans to vote...
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1) They required voters to own property or pay a poll tax 2) they required all voters to pass a literacy test designed to keep African Americans from voting 3) They passed laws exempting most whites from voting restrictions
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In the South, society was organized according to the Jim Crow system...
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1) laws required segregation of the races into public places 2) The supreme court upheld the legality of Jim Crow in Plessy vs. Ferguson 3) Facilities designated for African Americans were almost always inferior
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African Americans responded to discrimination in several ways.
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1) Some African Americans advocated 'black pride' and emigration to Africa 2) Others joined NAACP which was founded to abolish segregation and discrimination, and to gain civil rights for blacks 3) Some African Americans found organizations to help blacks, such as the national Urban League and the National Negro Business League
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Poll Tax
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A tax voters had to pay before voting
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Grandfather clause:
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If grandfather have right to vote before 1860 then the grandkid have the right to vote
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Plessy vs. Ferguson
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This supreme Court decision held that segregation was LEGAL as long as African Americans had equal facilities. "separate but equal"
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Lynching
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The murder of an accused person by a mob without a lawful trail.
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NAACP); National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
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This group was organized to fight against segregation, discrimination, and racism.
