Scope, History, and Impact of Microbiology – Flashcards
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| Robert Hooke |
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| Coined the term "cell" upon observation of cork cells (1660) |
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| Jannsen brothers |
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| Assembled the first microscope (1500s) |
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| Anton von Leeuwenhoek |
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| Discovered "animalcules" in water samples with his microscope (1600s-1700s) |
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| Genus |
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| The first, capitalized half of a species name |
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| Specific epithet |
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| The second half of a species name, unique to that species |
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| Francesco Redi |
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| Conducted an experiment with maggots to prove biogenesis (1668) |
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| Jablot |
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| Boiled hay and kept samples of it in two containers, one covered, one uncovered, to prove biogenesis |
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| Schultze and Schwann |
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| Conducted a heated air experiment to prove biogenesis (1837) |
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| Louis Pasteur |
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| Ultimately discredited abiogenesis (1860s). Considered one of the "fathers" of microbiology. Also explored relationships between microbes and food, connected specific microbes to specific diseases, and advanced vaccination. |
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| John Tyndall |
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| Showed some microbes require intense heat and pressure to kill |
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| Fernand Cohn |
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| Discovered bacterial spores |
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| Puerperal fever |
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| Potentially fatal and dangerous disease that colonizes the genital tract after childbirth. Was abundant in hospitals through the 1800s because of poor hygiene among doctors. |
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| Oliver Holmes |
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| Suggested link between not handwashing and puerperal fever (1843) |
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| Ignaz Semmelweis |
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| As the head of a maternity ward, forced doctors to wash their hands, which led to a dramatically reduced incidence of puerperal fever (1849). Doctors were angry and ignored this finding. |
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| Joseph Lister |
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| Published first treatise on antiseptic technique (1869) |
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| Pasteurization |
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| Heating to a specific temperature for a set time to kill bacteria |
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| Robert Koch |
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| Developed criteria for determining whether a given microbe causes a given disease |
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| Sometimes Koch's postulates don't work. Why? |
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| Usually, it's because the pathogen can't be grown in culture. Some microbes are very picky about their environment, and we can't replicate those conditions accurately enough to grow them in lab. |
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| Sergei Winogradksy |
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| Showed that some bacteria have beneficial roles (1888) |
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| Dmitri Ivanovsky |
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| Studied tobacco mosaic virus (1890s). Couldn't identify the causative agent, so assumed it was poison. |
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| Martinus Beijerinck |
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| Studied tobacco mosaic virus, and found that the agent could not be diluted (and thus not a poison), and was only active on tobacco leaves. Coined the term "virus" (1895) |
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| Peyton Rous |
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| Discoverer of a virus causative of chicken leukemia (1911). Later won a Nobel Prize. |
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| Prions |
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| Self-replicating, misfolded proteins. Diseases caused by these are called transmissible spongiform encephelopathies (TSE). |
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| Taxonomy |
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| The scientific technique of classifying objects |
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| Traditional taxonomy |
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| Based on physical characteristics. Easy to use, but misleading. |
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| Phylogenetic taxonomy |
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| Based on how organisms are related through evolution. Very new and clashes with traditional taxonomy, but more accurate. |
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| Carolus Linnaeus |
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| Botanist/physician who came up with the first classification system for life (1735) |
