Science Study Guide: Rocks & Minerals – Flashcards
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What is a mineral?
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naturally-formed inorganic solid substance with a definite, crystalline structure.
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What are the 6 mineral properties?
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luster, cleavage, hardness, streak,
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What are native elements?
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Elements that are made up of just one mineral.
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What is luster?
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Refers to the way the rock shines (reflects)
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How do you test hardness? In what order?
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fingernail, penny, ail, diamond
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What is cleavage/ fracture?
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The way a mineral splits or breaks.
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Instead of using color as a mineral property, what do scientists use?
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Streak
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What are all minerals?
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crystals
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What is a strata?
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the layers in sedimentary rock
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What is the chemical makeup of silicates?
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SiO2
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How are metamorphic rocks made?
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With heat and pressure
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What are non-silicate compound?
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A mineral that does not include silicon.
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What are the types of metamorphic rocks?
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foliated and non-foliated
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What is the chemical makeup of hematite?
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Iron Oxide: Fe2O3
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What are the types of igneous rocks?
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Basalt, Obsidian, Granite, Pumice
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What is the chemical makeup of chromite?
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Iron Chromium Oxide: FeCr2O4
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What are the types of sedimentary rocks?
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Limestone, sandstones, conglomerate, fossils
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What is the chemical makeup of halite?
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Sodium Chloride: NaCl
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What is a conglomerate rock made of?
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a bunch of sediments cemented together
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What is the more common name for halite?
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Salt
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How are limestones made?
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The solute left behind from an evaporated solution
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What is the chemical makeup for fluorite?
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Calcium Fluoride: CaF2
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What is the silicate's chemical makeup?
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SiO2
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What is hematite used for?
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doorknobs, hinges, mattress springs, etc.
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What are non-silicates compound minerals?
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Compound minerals that does not have silicon in it
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What is fluorite used for?
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toothpaste, drinking water, industrial steel making, etc.
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What is the chemical makeup of hematite?
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Iron Oxide: Fe2O3
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What is quartz used in?
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drinking glasses, lenses, mirrors, watches, etc.
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What is the chemical makeup of chromite?
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Iron Chromium Oxide: FeCr2O4
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What are some examples of the native elements?
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Gold (Au), Silver (Ag), Copper (Cu), Sulfur (S), Diamond (Carbon: C), Coal (Carbon: C)
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What is the chemical makeup of halite?
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Sodium Chloride- NaCl
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What are the two ways minerals form?
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Cooling of magma, or dissolving in liquids
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What is the more common name of halite?
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salt
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What is the system used to rate the hardness of a mineral called?
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The Mohs Scale
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What is the chemical makeup?
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Calcium Fluorite- CaF2
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What is cleavage?
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minerals breaks along smooth, flat surfaces and every fragment has the same general shape
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What are the 2 types of silicates?
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Quartz and Mica
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What is fracture?
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minerals that break at random with rough or jagged edges
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What are some of the uses of quartz?
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drinking glasses, optical glasses, mirrors, and watches
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What are the 3 types of rocks?
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Metamorphic, igneous, sedimentary
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What is a mineral?
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An inorganic crystalline solid that is made up of one or more elements
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How can metamorphic rocks be formed?
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with heat and pressure
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What are the native elements?
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Gold (Au), Silver (Ag), Diamond (Carbon- C), Graphite (Carbon-C), Sulfur (S)
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What are some examples of igneous rock?
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Basalt, Pumice, Granite, Obsidian
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What is an igneous rock that can float?
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Pumice
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What are some examples of sedimentary?
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sandstone, limestone, conglomerate, and fossils
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Two minerals together is a______?
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rock
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How is limestone made?
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The solute left behind from an evaporated solution
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A black rock made up of compressed plants is ____________?
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coal
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What are some examples of metamorphic rock?
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foliated and non-foliated
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What is foliated rock?
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Rocks that contains bands of flat minerals
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What is non-foliated rock?
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Rocks that are not arranged in bands
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Example of a foliated rock.
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Gneiss
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Example of an non-foliated rock
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Marble
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Which type of rock usually contains fossils?
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Sedimentary
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What are the steps of a sedimentary rock?
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weathering--> pressure --> cementing
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What is an intrusive igneous rock?
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an igneous rock that formed underground
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What is an extrusive igneous rock?
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an igneous rock formed below the surface of the earth; magma quickly cooling, an having little, or no crystals
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What is strata?
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the layers in sedimentary rock
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What do metamorphic rocks usually have?
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crystals
