question

The current global human population is approximately

answer

7 billion

question

Diminishing population growth rates in poor countries can be partially attributed to

answer

the education of women

question

If a population roughly doubles in the course of 50 years, its growth rate would be close to

answer

1.4

question

________ is the world's most populous nation, home to ________ of the people living on Earth

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China; half

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Top 5 most populous countries

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China, India, US, Brazil, Indonesia

question

Replacement fertility is equal to ___ in stable populations

answer

2.1

question

The 1994 Cairo, Egypt, conference was organized

answer

to urge governments to better address social issues such as poverty, disease, and lack of education as potential sources of population problems

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Life expectancy in parts of southern Africa ________.

answer

has fallen dramatically since 1990

question

A high birth rate coupled with a declining death rate resulting from increased food production and improved medical care is characteristic of the ________ stage of the demographic transition model.

answer

transitional

question

IPAT

answer

Impact, Population, Affluence, and Technology

question

The term demographic transition refers to

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the decline in death rates followed by decline in birth rates, occurring as a country economically develops

question

What drives TFR down?

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social and economic security

question

The transitional stage in Frank Notestein's demographic model is initiated by

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industrialization

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The richest one-fifth of the world's population possesses approximately ________ times the income of the poorest one-fifth, and the richest one-fifth uses over 86% of the world's resources.

answer

80

question

If global fertility rates remain at 2005-2010 levels, the United Nations predicts that world population will be approximately ________ billion in 2050

answer

11

question

The annual global growth rate of the human population peaked in the ________ and has been declining ever since

answer

1960s

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Which statement most accurately describes the population control efforts in China?

answer

A one-child policy that is enforced through taxation and penalties has successfully controlled population growth

question

Zero population growth can be achieved in a population when ________.

answer

birth rate equals death rate, and there is no migration

question

The most serious problem caused by population growth is ________.

answer

increasing demand for resources

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Demographically speaking, the effects of AIDS are most significant because ________.

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AIDS sickens and kills the youngest and most productive members of society

question

Which of the following best describes the human population from early times to the present?

answer

slow, uneven growth until the 1800s, then increasingly rapid growth

question

World population growth rate

answer

1.2%

question

According to the IPAT model, technology that enhances our acquisition of minerals, fossil fuels, timber, and ocean fish ________.

answer

increases environmental impact

question

The Cornucopian view held by many economists suggests that resource depletion due to greater numbers of people ________.

answer

is not a problem if new resources can be found to replace depleted ones

question

The "sensitivity factor" in the model used to represent human environmental impact denotes

answer

the sensitivity of an environment to human pressures

question

In the demographic transition model, the highest population growth rate in a country is likely to occur during ________.

answer

stage 2, the transitional stage

question

Malthus was responsible for ________.

answer

the idea that without social restrictions, human population growth would lead to famine and war

question

A population that is not growing will have a TFR of ________.

answer

2.1 or lower

question

Not surprisingly, the nation with the highest rate of contraceptive use (84%) is ________.

answer

China

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Helmut Haberl and colleagues have compiled data on ________ as a measure of how human population growth impacts Earth's natural resources and ecosystem services.

answer

consumption of net primary productivity

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Most of the world population growth in the near future will be in ________.

answer

developing countries

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A graph of world population growth over the past 500 years most closely resembled the letter

answer

J

question

According to the IPAT model, which of the following would most likely reduce the environmental impact of a society?

answer

greater use of birth control by most members of a society

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Recent research suggests that ________ has/have contributed to the large drop in fertility rates in Brazil over the past several decades.

answer

soap operas

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Monoculture ________.

answer

agricultural practices increase a crop's susceptibility to insect pests

question

Recombinant DNA _______

answer

is the merging of DNA from unrelated organisms

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Managing crop competitors and pests has been challenging to agronomists for centuries. One approach, integrated pest management, ________.

answer

combines synthetic chemical pesticides with biocontrol techniques

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Raising which of the following requires the most land and water per kg protein produced?

answer

beef cattle

question

Bt crops

answer

have been given a bacterial gene that gives chemical protection against insect pests

question

Which of the following requires the least land to produce 1 kg of protein

answer

chicken

question

US obesity rate

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1 in 3 adults

question

Green Revolution techniques ________.

answer

have increased crop yields but may not be sustainable

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________% of the food we consume comes from ________ crop species

answer

90, 15

question

Agricultural productivity increased during the Green Revolution as a result of improvements in fertilizers, crop breeding, pest control, and ________.

answer

irrigation

question

Which of the following best describes integrated pest management (IPM)

answer

biocontrol measures, crop rotation, and habitat diversification

question

People around the world have become more dependent on global markets for their food. As a result, recent U.S. government policies encouraging ________ have had a major negative effect

answer

ethanol production

question

Plants with showy flowers typically ________.

answer

are pollinated by animals

question

The European Union nations ________.

answer

do not support the growth or sale of GM crops

question

Aquaculture ________.

answer

can bring economic benefits and food security to many developing regions

question

Organic farming has become more challenging because of

answer

contamination by GM crop varieties

question

Seed banks are important for ________.

answer

protecting genetic diversity

question

It is more energetically efficient for us to eat more ________.

answer

plant-based foods

question

Why did the Indonesian government support IPM for agriculture in 1986?

answer

Pesticides were costing money, causing pollution, and decreasing yields.

question

In order for livestock to be considered organic, ________.

answer

animals must be fed 100% organic agricultural feed

question

During the past half century, global food production has ________ world population growth.

answer

grown at a faster rate than

question

Normal Borlaug, who passed away in 2009, pioneered the development of ________.

answer

high-yield wheat

question

How many americans are food insecure?

answer

50 million

question

Integrated pest management (IPM)

answer

use of a mix of techniques to suppress pests: Pest population monitoring Biocontrol and mechanical pest removal Chemicals, if necessary Crop rotation and alternative tillage methods Use of transgenic crops

question

Biotechnology

answer

the application of biological science to create products derived from organisms

question

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

answer

organisms that have been genetically engineered

question

Recombinant DNA

answer

DNA patched together from multiple organisms

question

Science

answer

A systematic process for learning about the world and testing our understanding of it. The accumulated body of knowledge arising from the dynamic process of observation, testing, and discovery

question

Scientific approaches

answer

Observational (descriptive) science: Information is gathered about organisms, systems, processes, etc. Cannot be manipulated by experiments Phenomena are observed and measured Used in astronomy, paleontology, taxonomy, genomics Hypothesis-driven science: Targeted research Experiments test hypotheses using the scientific method

question

Scientific method

answer

Observations, questions, hypothesis, predictions, test, results

question

Hypothesis

answer

a statement that tries to explain the question

question

predictions

answer

specific statements that can be directly tested

question

Variable

answer

condition that can change

question

Independent variable

answer

a variable that can be manipulated

question

Dependent variable

answer

a variable that depends on the independent variable

question

Controlled experiment

answer

one in which the effects of all variables are controlled

question

Control

answer

an unmanipulated point of comparison

question

Manipulative experiments yield

answer

the strongest evidence

question

Natural experiments show

answer

real-world complexity

question

Theory

answer

a well-tested and widely accepted explanation

question

Paradigm shift

answer

a dramatic upheaval in thought

question

Wicked problems

answer

problems that are complex, with no simple solution

question

Environment

answer

All the living and nonliving things around us

question

Environmental science is the study of

answer

How the natural world works How the environment affects humans and vice versa

question

Two key factors in human interaction with the environment

answer

natural resources, human population growth

question

Natural resources

answer

substances and energy sources needed for survival

question

Renewable natural resources

answer

that can be replenished

question

Nonrenewable natural resources

answer

that are unavailable after depletion

question

Natural sciences

answer

disciplines that examine the natural world

question

Social sciences

answer

disciplines that examine values and human behavior

question

Environmental science

answer

Pursues knowledge about the environment and our interactions with it Scientists try to remain objective and free from bias

question

Environmentalism

answer

A social movement Tries to protect the natural world from human-caused changes

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