Review Sheet: Unit 9 – Flashcards
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kinetic theory
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the theory that explains the behavior of gases at the molecular level
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ideal gas
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gas who's behavior confirms to the kinetic theory - it is theoretical
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gases deviate most from ideal behavior under conditions of very (low, high) TEMPERATURE and very (low, high) PRESSURE
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low, high
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pressure
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force/area
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atmospheric pressure
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the pressure the earth's atmosphere exerts due to its weight
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standard temperature
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1*C or 273K
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standard pressure
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1 atm, 760 torr, 760 mm Hg or 101.3 kPa
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STP
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abbreviation for standard temperature and pressure
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barometer
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used to measure atmospheric pressure; invented by Torricelli
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monometer
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used to measure gas pressure
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At constant pressure, the volume of a sample of gas is (indirectly, directly) proportional to temperature as measured on the ______ temperature scale.
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directly, Kelvin
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If pressure is constant, the volume of a sample of gas (increases, decreases) as temperature increases.
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decreases (ex. of inverse relationship)
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Boyle's Law
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pressure and volume are inversely proportional provided all other factors remain constant
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Charles's Law
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for a fixed mass of gas, as long as the pressure is held constant, the volume varies directly with the Kelvin temperature (K = V/T)
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Avogadro's Law
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equal volumes of different gases under the same conditions have the same number of particles
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Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure
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in a mixture of gases the total pressure of the mixture is equal to the sum of the pressures that each gas would exert by itself in the same volume (Pt=p1+p2+p3[...])
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Combined Gas Law
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permits the calculation of any one term when temperature, pressure, and volume change for a gas. (K=(PV)/T)
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diffusion
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the spontaneous spreading of a substance
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Graham's Law of Diffusion
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under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, gases diffuse at a rate inversely proportional to the square roots of their densities (or molar mass) (v1/v2=squ(m1/m2)
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ideal gas equation
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PV = nRT
