question

The cost of alcohol abuse is __________ the social cost of all illegal drugs

answer

Twice

question

Drunk driving is reputed to be the direct cause of __________ deaths in the United States annually

answer

16,000

question

Cannabis exhibits some of the characteristics of ____________

answer

Hallucinogens, depressants, and stimulants All of these

question

Drug Addiction

answer

A chronic, relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use

question

According to Shiffman and Balabanis, both tobacco and alcohol share a role as _______ drugs that precedes most subsequent use of marijuana and cocaine

answer

Gateway

question

The hallucinogen, peyote, may be lawfully used in some religious ceremonies

answer

True

question

Preoccupation is a characteristic of addiction whereby the addict assigns a high priority to acquiring drugs

answer

True

question

Alcohol abuse is the most common substance abuse disorder in the U.S.

answer

False

question

The most frequently used illegal stimulant is __________

answer

Cocaine

question

The two extremes on the drug use continuum are nonuse and compulsive use

answer

True

question

The use of psychoactive chemicals, licit or illicit, can objectively be labeled drug _________ only when the user becomes dysfunctional as a consequence

answer

Abuse

question

The pharmacological effects of ________ can cause aggression in some people and is a factor in nearly half of the murders, suicides, and accidental deaths in the United States

answer

Alcohol

question

_____________ distinguish between lawful drugs and illegal drugs

answer

Statutes

question

The Drug Abuse Warning System (DAWN) collects data from __________________

answer

Hospitals Emergency rooms

question

The ADAM program collects drug use data from __________

answer

Arrestees

question

What the three categories of drugs of abuse and how do they differ from one another?

answer

The three categories of drugs of abuse are depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. Depressants reduce pain, stimulants elevate a person's mood, and hallucinogens alter a person's perception. Depressants can cause a dependance - both physically and psychologically in a person. Stimulants make a person feel better because they stimulate the central nervous system. Hallucinogens are produced chemically and don't have any medical use, whereas some depressants and stimulants do

question

The __________ Amendment initiated national prohibition

answer

18th

question

During the 1960's the pendulum of drug policy began to shift away from a law enforcement model toward a __________________

answer

Treatment

question

Arab traders brought opium to __________ for use in medicine

answer

China

question

_________________ became popular during the 1960s, particularly among rebellious college students and people who identified themselves as antiestablishment

answer

Hallucinogens

question

A 1973 reorganization plan led to the creation of the ________within the Department of Justice

answer

Drug Enforcement Agency, DEA

question

The Union Temperance Society, established in 1808, was the first organized effort to prohibit the use of alcohol in the United States

answer

True

question

The earliest "war on drugs" in the United States was a response to opium

answer

True

question

In 2012, medical marijuana and the legalization of marijuana became political issues

answer

True

question

Medical use of hallucinogens has been largely replaced by benzodiazepines

answer

False

question

LSD was virtually unknown before 1962 when popularized by two Harvard psychologists

answer

True

question

The __________ Narcotics Tax Act imposed a $1 special tax on those involved in the business of dealing drugs

answer

Harrison

question

The word __________ is derived from a Spanish term for any substance that produces intoxication.

answer

Marijuana

question

The first major wave of _______________ use appeared when American servicemen in Korea and Japan mixed the substance with heroin to create "speedball"

answer

Amphetamine

question

__________ were widely prescribed in the United States during the 1930s, when their toxic effects were not fully understood

answer

Barbiturates

question

The twenty-first century has been characterized by a rise in the use of _____________ in rural parts

answer

Methamphetamine

question

Discuss the connection between amphetamine and the military

answer

During World War 2, soldiers were given amphetamine and it was to be used to elevate their moods, fight the pain, and fight fatigue. Servicemen in Korea and Japan had mixed amphetamine and heroin which made "Speedballs", which they shot up in their veins

question

Explain the strengths and weaknesses of the methadone program.

answer

The use of methadone in an attempt to cure or aid drug users who are suffering from drug abuse can be beneficial to an extent. When this method of treatment was first used it was believed to help the patient reach a "stabilized state" so in other words it helped them not have craving for their drug of choice of withdrawal symptoms. While the use of methadone kept people from using drugs for the time they were enrolled in a treatment program it did not solve all the problems. In fact for some people it turned them into poly drug users as researchers later found, some people still used their drug of choice like heroin while they were on a methadone treatment program. So while methadone was thought to help abusers it actually might have hurt them more in the long run because by using high doses of methadone it made people become tolerate to the methadone eventually. This form of treatment can be a short term solution for a long term problem because not all the people in these programs will come out successful if at all.

question

Heroin addicts typically enter treatment when _______________.

answer

their habit is too expensive to support

question

The first medication approved by the FDA for dealing with alcohol dependence is __________.

answer

antabuse

question

Behavior modification is a treatment approach based on _____________.

answer

learning theory

question

In ________________ treatment patients are usually first relaxed, then given repeated exposure to a graded hierarchy of anxiety-producing stimuli (real or imaginal) to provide a form of immunity

answer

desensitization

question

_________________ therapy strives to have drug abusers understand their cravings and to develop coping skills

answer

cognitive behavior

question

Contemporary treatment programs typically begin with detoxification.

answer

True

question

Youngsters who have the greatest knowledge about drugs are the least likely to use drugs.

answer

False

question

The majority of major U.S. companies administer pre-employment drug tests.

answer

True

question

Drug courts include an adversarial approach to integrating substance abuse treatment with criminal justice case processing.

answer

False

question

The AA approach has been criticized because of its emphasis on total abstinence and its lack of research support.

answer

True

question

An important component of the Reconnecting Youth program is the enhancement of __________ skills.

answer

learning

question

Drugs prevention is usually _______________, focusing on drug-related risks in isolation from an understanding of youth culture or the individual lives of young people.

answer

pharmacocentric

question

_________ factors are associated with reduced potential for drug use.

answer

protective

question

_________ training is a substance abuse and violence prevention program that targets the social and psychological factors that promote the initiation of substance use and other risky behaviors.

answer

lifeskills

question

The __________ model of drug prevention programming sees young people as easy prey to peer pressure.

answer

social influence

question

Discuss how money laundering is connected to drug trafficking.

answer

Money laundering is an essential part to the drug trafficking business because it allows drug money to pass as a legitimate profit from a business. Which is essential to drug cartels and traffickers so that way product can be moved from one country to the next and be sold for profit. Another reason money is laundered is to avoid potential penalties and taxes from the governments of other countries, because these would cause a loss of profit for them. Its also essential to hide dirty money and make it seem as it came from a business venture to not draw attention to supplier and those selling the drugs.

question

In Afghanistan Antidrug efforts to curtail poppy cultivation are hampered by a lack of alternative crops for impoverished farmers, and ________ fighters have joined forces with drug smugglers.

answer

Taliban

question

The vast majority of ___________consumed in the Unites States is produced in Europe—primarily the Netherlands and Belgium.

answer

ecstasy

question

A Currency Transaction Report must be submitted for any currency or monetary instrument transaction in excess of ______________.

answer

$10,000

question

Money launderers use dozens of people (known as "__________") to convert cash into money orders and cashier's checks.

answer

smurfs

question

More than 90% of the worlds opium comes from ____________ ?

answer

Afghanistan

question

There is a history of collusion between the armed forces and drug traffickers in Mexico.

answer

True

question

Colombian cartels, using dummy companies and multiple suppliers, pay up to ten times the normal prices for precursor chemicals.

answer

True

question

The distinction between drug trafficking and terrorism is becoming increasingly blurred.

answer

True

question

Ever since Al Capone was imprisoned for income tax evasion, successful criminals have sought to launder their illegally secured money.

answer

True

question

Outlaw chemists have been stealing anhydrous ammonia normally used for fertilizer to use instead for conversion to methamphetamine by the "Nazi method".

answer

True

question

______________ is the only country in the world where the three main plant-based illegal drugs—cocaine, heroin, and marijuana—are produced in significant amounts..

answer

Columbia

question

__________ (country) -based organizations are the only drug traffickers operating in every region of the United States.

answer

Mexico

question

The dramatic drop in homicides during the 1990s has been linked to the decline of __________.

answer

crack

question

The drug trafficking business is determined by __________ and ___________, which is similar to the legal business of selling products.

answer

supply, demand

question

The links between ___________ organizations and drug traffickers can take many forms, ranging from facilitation—protection, transportation, and taxation.

answer

terrorist

question

Discuss why "degree of access" is the single most important factor in drug use.

answer

The degree of access is important for drug use because it helps determine the availability of the drug to users. The best way to combat a drug problem is to intercept the source and regulate production and distribution to buyers. When the amount of drugs are limited people will have a harder time finding their supply in order to use. In theory successful enforcement efforts that combat drugs should help reduce the availability of the drugs which in return can drive up the price so that people will hopefully be discouraged from future use. This is not always the case but this could push users to seek help for addiction because they might not have another option at this point.

question

_________________ restrains government from arbitrarily depriving a person of life, liberty, or property.

answer

due process

question

The ________________ is the court's way of enforcing the Fourth Amendment.

answer

exclusionary rule

question

U.S. efforts against drug abuse are limited by _________________.

answer

national boundaries

question

_______________ has been criticized for its impact on innocent third parties and as a device for plea-bargaining with drug kingpins.

answer

Civil forfeiture

question

________________ agents and Coast Guard personnel are not bound by Fourth Amendment.

answer

Customs and Border Protection

question

The purpose of the exclusionary rule is to constrain the behavior of law enforcement agents.

answer

True

question

Law enforcement in general and drug law enforcement in particular are constrained by constitutional limitations, jurisdictional limitations, and corruption.

answer

True

question

The easy availability of large sums of money and the clandestine nature of the business make drug law enforcement vulnerable to corruption.

answer

True

question

The legal foundation for prosecuting money laundering as a federal crime is the Narcotic Penalties and Enforcement Act of 1986.

answer

False

question

There are two types of forfeitable items: contraband and direct proceeds.

answer

False

question

__________, a constitutionally-based concept, restrains the government from arbitrarily depriving a person of life, liberty, or property.

answer

due process

question

__________ come in two basic categories: the "good citizen" and the "criminal."

answer

informants

question

The supervision of drug law enforcement agents is also difficult, because they typically operate _____________.

answer

covertly, undercover

question

The International Police Organization, known by its telegraphic designation ___________, assists law enforcement agencies with investigative activities that transcend international boundaries.

answer

INTERPOL

question

The interception of drugs being smuggled into the United States is primarily the role of the Coast Guard and Customs Service and Border Protection is called _________________.

answer

interdiction

question

Drugs became a major political issue during the 1988 presidential campaign in part because of a __________ that asked the question "Should Drugs Be Made Legal?"

answer

TIME magazine article

question

Most of those who ingest psychoactive chemicals ___________________.

answer

do not become dysfunctional

question

When Connecticut changed its law to permit the purchase and possession of hypodermic needles without a prescription, the number of AIDS cases fell by _____ percent.

answer

40

question

Hard-core __________ heroin addicts receive their drugs from the government

answer

swiss

question

At the end of 2006, _________, which has one of the highest rates of HIV in the nation, became the last of the fifty states to approve legislation permitting needle-exchange programs.

answer

new jersey

question

In the Netherlands in 2012, in order to stop drug tourism, nonresidents were barred from buying marijuana.

answer

True

question

The majority of Australia's AIDS cases are intravenous drug users.

answer

False

question

Decriminalization refers to the absence of laws punishing people for using drugs.

answer

True

question

In Portugal all drugs have been legalized.

answer

False

question

Although cocaine and methamphetamine use is a major problem, there are few calling for its legalization.

answer

True

question

Needle-exchange opponents in the U.S., including law enforcement, political, religious, and drug treatment officials, contend that free needles __________ drug use.

answer

promote

question

The harm-reduction principle of focus on harms suggests that the fact or extent of a person's drug use per se is of secondary importance to the risk of __________ consequent to use.

answer

harms

question

To develop a policy that answers these serious concerns, we need to consider the ___________ of drug use.

answer

causes

question

Among those who are strongly opposed to drug decriminalization, however, are many leaders of the _________________ community.

answer

African American

question

The harm-reduction principle of _____________ suggests that acknowledges that while carrying risks, drug use also provides the user with benefits that must be taken into account if drug-using behavior is to be understood.

answer

pragmatism

question

Explain the difference between legalization and decriminalization.

answer

Decriminalization's main focus is to not punish people who are using drug for personal enjoyment. So if someone where to be using drug recreationally themselves they would not get a criminal charge. This however would not apply to people who are trafficking or selling drugs to other because that aspect would still be a crime. Legalization refers more to both aspects of the drug debate if drugs were to be legalized both the user and supplier would not face any consequences for their actions. People would be free to use and sell drugs with no criminal penalty.

question

Discuss the success or failure of the Netherlands drug policies.

answer

The Netherlands succeeds with their drug policy. They help treat drug users and abusers, whereas the United States focuses more on preventing drug use and punishing offenders, and sentencing them harshly for it. The Netherlands offers medical assistance, including methadone treatment and needle exchange programs, as well as providing clean facilities to use the drugs that people are addicted to. There are also coffee shops for people to go use marijuana, due it is decriminalization. The Netherlands succeeds by helping it's citizens, by offering them the real care that they need.

question

The principle of harm reduction that accepts that some use of mind-altering substances is a common feature of human experience is ________________________.

answer

pragmatism

question

__________ policy is based on the idea that drug use is a fact of life and needs to be discouraged in as practical a manner as possible.

answer

dutch

question

For those who accept the _____________ of addiction—that some people take heroin or cocaine to compensate for a physiological deficiency—legalization is a reasonable suggestion.

answer

disease theory

question

The drug policy in Switzerland is one of ______________

answer

containment

question

The Dutch distinguish between "soft" drugs such as marijuana and "hard" drugs such as heroin, cocaine, and ecstasy.

answer

True

question

Harm reduction abandons abstinence as a realistic objective.

answer

False

question

There is a very high correlation between urban poverty and heroin and cocaine use.

answer

True

question

A serious effort to deal logically with drugs in the United States would require greater efforts to reduce the ills of urban America.

answer

True

question

After extensive experimentation in numerous cities throughout the country, Canada has elected to abandon consideration of harm reduction programs.

answer

False

question

Brecher contends that most of the harmful aspects of heroin use are the result of its being __________.

answer

illegal

question

____________, where it is not only illegal to be in possession of a controlled substance, but it is against the law to be under the influence of any illicit drug, is an exception to the popularity of harm reduction in Europe.

answer

sweden

question

The harm reduction approach is popular throughout __________, where officials generally avoid the "drug warrior" approach.

answer

Europe

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