Review Ch. #12 – Flashcards
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A construction company used asbestos on many job sites over the years. Asbestos is a(n)
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environmental carcinogen
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An irregularity in the heartbeat is known as
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arrhythmia
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Vessels that carry blood away from the heart are the
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arteries
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A state in which the body's cells fail to respond to the effects of insulin is
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insulin resistance.
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Which of the following can help prevent cardiovascular disease?
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Avoiding tobacco
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A woman whose fat deposits are primarily in her abdominal area is at less risk for heart disease than her friend who carries more fat on her hips and thighs.
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False
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Which of the following represents the correct sequence of blood flow as it travels through the heart?
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Right atria, right ventricle, lungs, left atria, left ventricle, aorta
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Metabolic syndrome is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
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low blood pressure
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Which of the following would NOT put an individual at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes?
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Physical activity
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A woman who began to have sex at an early age may be at risk for
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cervical cancer.
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Nerve damage associated with diabetes can cause numbness and tingling in the
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hands and feet
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Being completely "cured" of cancer means that an individual
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has no subsequent cancer and can expect to live a long and productive life.
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Which of the following is NOT a technique used to diagnose heart disease?
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Angioplasty
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Which of the following is TRUE with respect to tumors?
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A malignant tumor can invade surrounding tissue, produce mutant cells, and metastasize.
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Which diagnostic test produces a three-dimensional image of the heart as blood flows through it?
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Positron emission tomography
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Sexually transmitted diseases have the greatest impact on increasing the incidence of which type of cancer?
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Cervical
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An aneurysm in the brain can cause a stroke.
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True
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The small veins are the
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venules
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"Mini-strokes" that cause only temporary impairment and that can indicate an impending stroke are
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transient ischemic attacks (TIAs).
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A person with type 2 diabetes can control it with lifestyle changes and will never need to take insulin.
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False
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Which of the following is TRUE in regard to atherosclerosis?
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It is characterized by a buildup of substances within the arteries that form plaque.
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Which diagnostic test is used to identify heart muscle damage caused by a heart attack?
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Magnetic resonance imaging
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Which of the following body shapes represents a higher risk for heart disease?
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Shaped like an apple
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What happens in coronary artery disease?
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Small blood vessels that supply blood to the heart narrow.
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Having a father or brother with prostate cancer more than doubles a man's risk of getting the disease.
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True
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If caught early, the prognosis for colon cancer is good because
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the disease progresses slowly
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A family history of heart disease has a much greater influence on risk than environmental factors such as a person's diet, stress level, and lifestyle.
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False
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Which of the following foods should be part of a heart-healthy diet?
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olive oil
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A cluster of six conditions that strongly increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes is known as
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metabolic syndrome.
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An increase in blood glucose will result in an increased insulin response.
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True
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Which blood pressure measurement is the lower number that represents the amount of pressure on arterial walls when the heart relaxes?
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Diastolic
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The majority of heart arrhythmias result in death.
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False
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Diabetes can contribute to gum disease.
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True
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The average healthy adult heart beats 70-80 beats per minute. A lower heart rate of 60 might indicate that
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the individual is very fit.
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A diabetic who has gastric bypass surgery may eliminate the symptoms of diabetes.
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True
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The two lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out are the
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ventricles
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The increase in type 2 diabetes risk is primarily due to genetic risk.
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False
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A woman goes to the emergency room. She tells the nurse that after carrying several loads of laundry up a flight of stairs she is having chest pain and a sensation she describes as her heart being crushed. Which condition is she likely experiencing?
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Angina pectoris
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A reduction in the heart's oxygen supply is a condition known as
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ischemia
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Aspirin is sometimes recommended for treating cardiovascular disease because
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it reduces the risk of clot formation.
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Testicular cancer is
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one of the most curable forms of cancer.
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Both saturated fats and trans fats raise blood cholesterol.
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True
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In which form of diabetes is the body NOT able to produce insulin?
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Type 1
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A new growth of tissue that serves no physiological purpose is a
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neoplasm
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The two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood are the
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atria
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What happens during a stroke?
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Blood supply to some area of the brain is interrupted. Answers:
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Which of the following is a cancer that occurs in epithelial tissues?
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Carcinoma
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The BEST time for a man to perform a testicular self-exam is
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after a hot shower.
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Cancer is the first cause of death in the United States, followed by heart disease.
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False
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Which of the following is the leading cause of disability among Americans over the age of 50?
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Peripheral artery disease
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A test that gives the average value of a patient's glucose over the past 2 to 3 months is the
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hemoglobin A1C test.
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The body organ that secretes the hormone insulin is the
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Correct pancreas.
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Which of the following cholesterol profiles would NOT indicate an increased risk of coronary heart disease?
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Total cholesterol = 170; HDL = 70
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A Pap test is used to screen women for
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cervical cancer.
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A state of elevated blood glucose is
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hyperglycemia
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Which diagnostic test records the electrical activity of the heart?
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Electrocardiogram
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The leading causes of death in the United States each year are coronary heart disease, cancer, lower respiratory diseases, and
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stroke
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Which of the following behaviors would most likely increase the risk of developing cancer?
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Eating a high-calorie, high-fat diet
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Which form of diabetes develops slowly and occurs when the body either loses its ability to produce enough insulin or cannot use the insulin that is available?
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Type 2
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Nonmodifiable factors for CVD include all of the following EXCEPT
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cholesterol levels.
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The organ that filters excess glucose from the blood is the
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kidney
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Research has shown that which of the following may lower the risk for ovarian cancer?
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Using birth control pills
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Removal of tissue and microscopically examining it to determine if cancer is present is a
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biopsy
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An individual would most likely suffer from angina pectoris when
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walking up a flight of stairs.
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Diabetes can result in weight loss because
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so many calories are lost in the glucose that passes into the urine.
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What happens during a heart attack?
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Blood supply is blocked to some area of the heart.
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Which of the following would NOT be a contributing cause of congestive heart failure?
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Reaction to a tetanus vaccination
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Which blood pressure measurement is the upper number that represents the amount of pressure on arterial walls when the heart contracts?
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Systolic
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Vessels that carry to the heart are the
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veins
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All of the following occur as part of congestive heart failure EXCEPT
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blood cannot accumulate in the legs, ankles, or lungs.
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Diabetes is the fastest-growing chronic disease ever to affect Americans.
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True
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An adult with a damaged sinoatrial node
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must have a pacemaker implanted to control the heart rhythm.
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Which of the following is a cancer that occurs in the infection-fighting regions of the body?
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Lymphoma
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Obesity puts a strain on the heart because
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the heart works harder to move blood through the extra pounds of fat.
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What percentage of the American population over the age of 20 has symptoms of pre-diabetes?
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35 percent
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Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for colorectal cancer?
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Regular exercise
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Which of the following statements is TRUE with respect to the genetic risk of cancer?
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Oncogenes are suspected cancer-causing genes.
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Pancreatic cancer is an especially deadly form of the disease.
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True
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Which of the following individuals would have the highest risk for developing type 2 diabetes?
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A Native American male with a BMI of 30
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Individuals with pre-diabetes are recommended to lose what percentage of current body weight?
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5 to 7 percent
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In a state of diabetic ketoacidosis
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acid levels in the blood are too high
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For some people, medications can help keep their diabetes under control.
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True
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The condition of elevated blood glucose levels during pregnancy is called
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gestational diabetes.
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Homocystene is an amino acid that when found at high levels in the blood may indicate an increased risk of
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cardiovascular disease.
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The common name for a myocardial infarction is
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a heart attack.
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impairments
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True
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Which of the following is TRUE about radiation and cancer?
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Ionizing radiation is the only form of radiation proven to cause cancer.
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Arrhythmias can be triggered by lifestyle factors.
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True
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Consistently elevated blood pressure is the condition known as
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hypertension
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Which of the following is a cancer that occurs in bones, muscles, and/or connective tissue?
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Sarcoma
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A biopsy reveals that a woman who has had breast cancer now has cancer in her lymph nodes. The process of cancer spreading from one organ or body area to others is
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metastasis
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A man asks his office-mate to call 911 because he is experiencing tightness in his chest, pain in his left arm and shoulder, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Which condition is he likely experiencing?
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Heart attack
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Which of the following characteristics would be consistent with a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in an adult female?
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Blood pressure of 155/90
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Diabetics should check their own blood glucose level
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several times a day.
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The human heart is about the size of a(n)
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adult's fist.
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The most lethal form of skin cancer is
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malignant melanoma.
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Uncontrolled diabetes can increase the risk of
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blindness
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An individual's lifestyle does not play a role in the development of cancer.
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False
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The CT scan is a noninvasive procedure that uses x-rays to determine the shape and location of tumors.
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True
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Type 1 diabetes
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most often appears during childhood or adolescence.
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Thin-walled vessels that are involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide are
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capillaries
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In the ABCD rule for the warning signs of melanoma, the B stands for
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border irregularity.
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Prostate cancer risk
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increases dramatically with age.
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Inflammation may play a role in heart disease development.
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True
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All of the following are well-documented risk factors for breast cancer EXCEPT
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consuming 3 to 4 alcoholic drinks per week.
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One reason exercise might decrease breast cancer risk is because of
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a decrease in body fat.
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Which of the following groups has the highest incidence of hypertension?
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African Americans
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Which of the following is a cancer that occurs in the blood-forming parts of the body, particularly the bone marrow and spleen?
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Leukemia
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The level of which type of proteins in the blood rises during an inflammatory reaction?
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C-reactive
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All of the following are warning signs of melanoma EXCEPT
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a uniform brown color
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An oral glucose tolerance test result of 150 mg/dL indicates that the individual is diabetic.
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False
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What percentage of human cancers have been traced to infectious agents, primarily viruses, worldwide?
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20 percent
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The primary action of insulin is to
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stimulate cells to take up glucose from the bloodstream and carry it into the cell.
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Carrying an excessive amount of body fat around the waist, which is a risk factor for diabetes, is a condition known as
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central adiposity.
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Men over 50 are encouraged to get a PSA test to screen for
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prostate cancer.
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How many adult Americans suffer from some type of cardiovascular disease?
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one out of three
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The BEST way to try to achieve the ideal HDL to LDL ratio before medications are prescribed is to
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one out of threereduce the amount of saturated fat in your diet and engage in regular exercise.
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All of the following are ways to reduce carcinogens in the environment EXCEPT
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using dry cleaning services.
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All of the following are methods of reducing risk for CVD EXCEPT
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increasing triglycerides in your blood.
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A period during which cancer has responded to treatment and appears to be under control is called
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remission
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Which of the following represents the most serious type of heart arrhythmia?
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Fibrillation
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The small arterial branches are the
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arterioles
