Review Ch. 11 A&P – Flashcards
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Pineal gland
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hormone-secreting structure located deep between the cerebral hemispheres attached to the roof of the third ventricle (involved in function of the biological clock)
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Hyperthyroidism
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patient with an abnormally high metabolic rate, underweight and has protruding eyes
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Aldosterone
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promotes the homeostasis of ions by causing the kidneys to conserve sodium and excrete potassium
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exocrine glands
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glands that release their secretion into ducts leading to a body surface
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sympathetic neurons
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neurons that stimulate secretions from cells of the adrenal medulla
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Cretinism
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caused by hypothyroidism
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Thyroid gland
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must have iodine before it can synthesize its hormones
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Steroid hormones
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produce their effects by activating genes
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Insulin
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causes a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose
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Growth hormone-releasing hormone
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hormone that stimulates the release of growth hormone
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prostaglandins
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group of lipids with powerful regulating effects on a variety of tissues
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epinephrine
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hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla
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Adrenal cortex
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sex hormones released from this area are primarily androgens
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Hormone concentrations
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regulated by levels of substances in the blood only
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Type I diabetes mellitus
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is usually caused by a disorder of the immune system
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Parathyroid hormone
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stimulates osteoclast activity
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Cortisol
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stimulates the production of glucose from noncarbohydrates
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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secreted by neurosecretory cells in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
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Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
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regulates the formation of melanin, produced by the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland
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Diabetes insipidus
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caused by a lack of ADH
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calcitonin
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hormone that decreases the plasma calcium concentration
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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
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hormone that exerts its effect primarily on the reproductive organs
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Diabetes mellitus
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characterized by increased thirst, dehydration, excess urine production and glucose in urine
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Pancreas
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functions as both an endocrine and exocrine gland
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plasma calcium concentration
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controls the secretion of parathyroid hormones
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Thyroxine
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increases the rate at which proteins are synthesized
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False
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A person who is experiencing the effects of chronic stress usually has decreased blood pressure
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True
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Cancer patients often develop endocrine disorders because cancer cells sometimes secrete hormones inappropriately
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True
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Cyclic AMP is produced from molecules of ATP as a result of enzymatic action
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True
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The secretion of hormones from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is largely controlled by releasing hormones from the hypothalamus
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False
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The pancreas functions as part of the endocrine system and as part of the skeletal system
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False
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The secretion of pituitary hormones is largely controlled by the thalamus
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True
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Oxytocin acts on the myoepithelial cells of the breasts and causes them to eject breast milk
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True
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Releasing hormones are carried from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland by vessels called hypophyseal portal veins
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True
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Releasing hormones from the hypothalamus have target cells in the anterior pituitary gland
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False
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When a gland is stimulated to increase its secretion by the substance it produces, a negative feedback system is operating
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True
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A group of lipids called prostaglandins act as "local hormones" on a variety of tissues
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List the functions of the Growth Hormone
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increases rate of cell division only, increases rate of fat metabolism only, promote bone growth only, promote movement of amino acids into cells only
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Deficiency of hormones from the adrenal medulla is likely to produce:
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low blood pressure, low heart rate, low glucose levels, lose potassium in urine
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Treatment of Type II Diabetes Mellitus
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reduce sugar intake, control diet, exercise regularly, maintain desirable weight
