Respiratory System Exam – Flashcards
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Three mucosa-covered projections into the nasal cavity that greatly increase surface area of mucosa exposed to air are called _____.
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conchae
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The anterior portion of the palate that is supported by bone is called the ________.
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Hard plate
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Three regions of the pharynx are the _______.
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Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
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Inflammation of the sinuses that can cause marked changes in voice quality is called _______.
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sinusitis
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The large shield-shaped thyroid cartilage the protrudes anteriorly is commonly called the _____.
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Adam's Apple
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The mucosa-lined windpipe that extends from the larynx to the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra is called the _________.
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trachea
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Clusters of lymphatic tissue in the pharynx are referred to as ________.
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tonsils
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The opening between the vocal folds is called the _____.
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glottis
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The C-shaped rings that reinforce the trachea are constructed of ________ cartilage.
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hyaline
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The flap of elastic cartilage that protects the opening of the larynx is called the ______.
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epiglottis
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Folds of mucous membrane called _______ vibrate to provide speech.
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True vocal cords
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The serous membrane that surrounds each lung is created by a parietal and visceral ______.
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pleura
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The division of the trachea produces two tubes call the right and left main (primary) ______.
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bronchus
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"Dust cells" that wander in and out of the alveoli, picking up bacteria, carbon particles, and other debris, are actually _________.
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macrophages
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The air sacs of the lungs are called _______.
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alveoli
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The process of moving air into and out of the lungs is commonly called breathing or ______.
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pulmonary ventilation
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Gas exchange between the blood and tissue cells is called ______.
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internal respiration
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The inspiratory muscles that contract so we can inspire air are the _______ and _________.
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diaphragm ; external intercostals
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The presence of air in the intrapleural space is known as ______.
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pneumothorax
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Normal quiet breathing moves about _____mL of air into and out of the lungs with each breath.
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500
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a mechanism that clears the upper respiratory passages, which is similar to a cough except the the expelled air is directed through the nasal cavities instead of the oral cavity, is called a ______.
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sneeze
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Air that remains in the conducting zone passageways and never reaches the alveoli is called the ____.
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dead space volume
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Respiratory capacities are measured with a _____.
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spirometer
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During _____, oxygen binds to hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin.
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external respiration
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________ is an odorless, colorless gas which binds preferentially with the same binding site on hemoglobin.
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Carbon monoxide
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Most carbon dioxide is dissolved in blood plasma and transported as __________.
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bicarbonate ion
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Inadequate oxygen delivery to body tissue is called ______.
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hypoxia
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The portions of the brain that contain respiratory centers and set the breathing rate are the ______.
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medulla, oblongata and pons
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The most important stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is the body's need to rid itself of the blood gas called ______.
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carbon dioxide
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In order to return acidic blood pH to normal, breathing becomes deeper and more rapid, a phenomenon known as ________.
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hyperventilation
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Fatty molecule made by alveolar cells known as _______ reduces surface tension prevents alveoli collapse between breaths.
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surfactant
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Gas exchange occurs in the _____.
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alveoli
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The respiratory conducting passageways perform all of the following functions EXCEPT: A) allow air to reach lungs B) purify air C) humidify air D) exchange gas E) warm incoming air
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D) exchange gases
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Which of the following terms does NOT apply to the nose: A) external nares B) nasopharynx C) nostrils D) nasal cavity E) nasal septum
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B) nasopharynx
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What is the role of mucus in the nasal cavity?
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trap incoming bacteria and other foreign debris
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The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by:
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both hard and soft palate
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Which of the following bones does NOT contain paranasal sinuses: A) frontal B) sphenoid C) mandible D) ethmoid E) maxilla
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C) mandible
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Which tonsil(s) is/are located in the oropharynx at the end of the soft palate
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palatine tonsils
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Air from the nasal cavity enters the superior portion of the pharynx called the:
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nasopharynx
