Respiratory Review–Pearson – Flashcards
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Passageway for both food and air; known as the "throat"
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pharynx
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rigid, patent airway reinforced with C-rings of hyaline cartilage
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Trachea
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routes air and food into their proper channels
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Larynx
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Protects the superior opening of the larynx during swallowing
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Epiglottis
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Opening to the trachea situated between the vocal cords
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glottis
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first tube to branch off of the trachea
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main (primary) bronchus
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smallest conducting passageways in the lungs
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bronchioles
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part of the respiratory zone, these air sacs perform gas exchange
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alveoli
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What is the function of an alveolar macrophages?
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engulf bacteria, carbon particles, and debris
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Roberto is complaining of chest pain when he inhales, shortness of breath, and a stabbing sensation. Roberto most likely has
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Pleurisy
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The pharynogotympanic tubes, which drain the middle ear, open into the
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nasopharynx
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By which of these are tiny dust particles removed from alveolar surfaces?
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macrophages
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The correct pathway air flows through the respiratory system is ________.
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nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi
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The opening between the vocal cords is called the _______
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glottis
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What sweeps contaminated mucus from the nasal cavity to the throat?
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cilia
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Which tonsil(s) is/are located in the oropharynx at the end of the soft palate?
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palatine tonsils
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The ________ tonsil, or adenoid, is located high in the nasopharynx region.
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pharyngeal
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The smallest conducting passageways of the lungs are known as _____
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branchioles
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Vibration due to exhaled air that results in speech is a function of the _______
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true vocal cords
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Following the removal of the larynx, a person would be unable to _____
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speak
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Gas exchange occurs in the ____
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alveoli
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What is the role of mucus in the nasal cavity?
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trap incoming bacteria and other foreign debris
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From superior to inferior, the three regions of the pharynx are the ______
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nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
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Folds of mucous membrane called ________ vibrate to provide speech
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vocal folds (true vocal cords)
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Laura's lung collapsed during a skiing accident when a rib punctured her lung. The condition of a collapsed lung is known as ______
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atelectasis
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The amount of air exchanged during normal quiet breathing is about ____
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500 mL
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Which muscles contract to decrease thoracic volume and raise intrapulmonary pressure?
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internal intercostal muscles
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Gas exchange between the pulmonary blood and alveoli is called ______
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external respiration
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Hyperventilation leads to all of the following except ___
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buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood
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Air moving in and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing is called _____
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pulmonary ventilation
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Even after a forceful expiration, air still remains in the lungs for gas exchange to continue. This volume is about ___
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1200 mL
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Which of these events will occur with hyperventilation?
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carbon dioxide levels drop, and pH rises
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Actress Marilyn Monroe took an overdose of a barbiturate, which caused her to stop breathing and led to her death. What part of Marilyn Monroe's brain was suppressed that caused her to stop breathing?
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medulla
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________ volume is the air moved into and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing and is approximately 500 mL of air.
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tidal
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________ is an odorless, colorless gas which binds preferentially with the same binding site on hemoglobin as oxygen
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carbon monoxide
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Air flowing out of the lungs is known as
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expiration
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Ravinder has lung cancer. A biopsy reveals small grapelike clusters of lymphocyte-like cells in the mediastinum. What type of lung cancer does Ravinder have?
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small cell carcinoma
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What accounts for the majority of cases of lung cancer?
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adenocarcimona
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Which respiratory disease in which sufferers are often called "pink puffers," is characterized by enlarged alveoli, lung inflammation, and fibrosis of the lungs?
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emphysema
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What respiratory disorder is characterized by enlarged alveoli and pulmonary fibrosis?
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emphysema
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What is the most common cause for lung cancer?
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smoking
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Premature babies commonly suffer from infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), which results from lack of alveolar surfactant. What does this surfactant prevent that is the problem in IRDS?
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alveolar collapse
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The respiratory rate in infants is ___
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over 40 respiration per minute
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Surfactant is usually present in fetal lungs in adequate quantities by
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28-30 weeks of pregnancy
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The homeostatic imbalance associated with the death of many full-term newborn infants is called ____
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SIDS
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Chronically inflamed, hypersensitive bronchial passages that respond to many irritants are characteristic of _____
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asthma
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Why does vital capacity decrease in old age?
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The chest wall becomes more rigid and the lungs lose their elasticity
