Renal infections – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers| Cystitis (UTI) |
| Infection of the urinary tract/bladder. Usually follows an ascending pattern |
| Pyelonephritis |
| Infection of the ureters and/or kidneys. |
| Glomerulonephritis |
| Immune-complex mediated renal damage. |
| Urethritis |
| Infection of the urethra. |
| Lactobacillis |
| Ferments glycogen to lower pH which defends against pathogens. |
| IL-6 and IL-8 |
| Chemotactic for neutrophils. |
| Pyrurea |
| Presence of neutrophils in urine; indicative of a UTI. |
| Most common bacteria that causes a UTI. |
| Escherichia coli |
| The meaning of uncomplicated cystitis |
| No underlying defects in the host's immune system that may make an infection much worse. |
| Most common cause of UTI in women |
| Fecal contamination (Has E. coli) |
| Causes painful urination and pyurea |
| Cystitis (UTI) |
| Causes back pain, nausea, and other systemic effects. |
| Pylonephritis |
| Gram - rod bacteria that are oxidase negative, ferment lactose and are motile and have an H antigen on their flagella. ;They are normal flora of the GI tract. |
| Escherichia coli |
| Name the virulence factors of E. coli |
"pathogenicity islands" (genes in sequence that are pathogenic). P fimbriae (adhere to uroepithelial;cells) ;Cytotoxins including hemolysin O antigen (LPS) ; NOTE: only strains that express P fimbriae can cause a UTI. |
| Name the 3 common strains of E. coli and what differentiates them.; |
Commensials-low virulence. ;Normally occur in GI. Intestinal pathogens-Can infect the GI and cause many symptoms of GI disease by producing many toxins. Extra-intestinal pathogens-uropathogenic. ;Have a unique group of virulence factors that allow them to infect other areas besides the GI tract. |
| Coagulase negative staphylococci that produce grayish colonies that are non-hemolytic. ;This species is resistant to novobiocin. ;Occurs as normal vaginal flora. |
| Staph. Saprophyticus |
| 4 other enterobacteriaceae that can cause opportunistic infections. ;Name them and an identifying feature of each. |
Klebsiella (non-motile; thick polysaccharide capsule) Enterobacter (motile/thin capsule) Proteus (urease production raises pH and can cause;crystallization; motility) Serratia (colicins (bacteriocins) which destroy normal flora) ; NOTE: All are antibiotic resistant. |
| Can occur after a streptococcal infection in the kidneys. |
| Acute glomerulonephritis |
