Renal infections – Flashcards

18 test answers

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Cystitis (UTI)
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Infection of the urinary tract/bladder.  Usually follows an ascending pattern
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Pyelonephritis
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Infection of the ureters and/or kidneys.
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Glomerulonephritis
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Immune-complex mediated renal damage.
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Urethritis
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Infection of the urethra.
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Lactobacillis
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Ferments glycogen to lower pH which defends against pathogens.
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IL-6 and IL-8
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Chemotactic for neutrophils.
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Pyrurea
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Presence of neutrophils in urine; indicative of a UTI.
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Most common bacteria that causes a UTI.
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Escherichia coli
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The meaning of uncomplicated cystitis
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No underlying defects in the host's immune system that may make an infection much worse.
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Most common cause of UTI in women
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Fecal contamination (Has E. coli)
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Causes painful urination and pyurea
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Cystitis (UTI)
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Causes back pain, nausea, and other systemic effects.
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Pylonephritis
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Gram - rod bacteria that are oxidase negative, ferment lactose and are motile and have an H antigen on their flagella. ;They are normal flora of the GI tract.
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Escherichia coli
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Name the virulence factors of E. coli
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"pathogenicity islands" (genes in sequence that are pathogenic).

P fimbriae (adhere to uroepithelial;cells)

;Cytotoxins including hemolysin

O antigen (LPS)

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NOTE: only strains that express P fimbriae can cause a UTI.

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Name the 3 common strains of E. coli and what differentiates them.;
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Commensials-low virulence. ;Normally occur in GI.

Intestinal pathogens-Can infect the GI and cause many symptoms of GI disease by producing many toxins.

Extra-intestinal pathogens-uropathogenic. ;Have a unique group of virulence factors that allow them to infect other areas besides the GI tract.

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Coagulase negative staphylococci that produce grayish colonies that are non-hemolytic. ;This species is resistant to novobiocin. ;Occurs as normal vaginal flora.
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Staph. Saprophyticus
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4 other enterobacteriaceae that can cause opportunistic infections. ;Name them and an identifying feature of each.
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Klebsiella (non-motile; thick polysaccharide capsule)

Enterobacter (motile/thin capsule)

Proteus (urease production raises pH and can cause;crystallization; motility)

Serratia (colicins (bacteriocins) which destroy normal flora)

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NOTE: All are antibiotic resistant.

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Can occur after a streptococcal infection in the kidneys.
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Acute glomerulonephritis
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