Rate determining enzymes of metabolic processes first aid USMLE step 1 (2017) – Flashcards
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Rate determining enzyme of glycolysis
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Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
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Rate determining enzyme of gluconeogenesis
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Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
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Rate determining enzyme of TCA cycle
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Isocitrate dehydrogenase
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Rate determining enzyme of glycogenolysis
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Glycogen phosphorylase
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Rate determining enzyme of HMP shunt
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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
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Rate determining enzyme of de novo purine synthesis
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Glutamine-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) amidotransferase
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Rate determining enzyme of urea cycle
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Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I
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Rate determining enzyme of fatty acid synthesis
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Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)
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Rate determining enzyme of fatty acid oxidation
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Carnitine acyltransferase I
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Rate determining enzyme of ketogenesis
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HMG-CoA synthase
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Rate determining enzyme of cholesterol synthesis
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HMG-CoA reductase
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Positive regulators of glycolysis
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AMP fructose-2,6-bisphosphate
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Positive regulator of gluconeogenesis
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citrate
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Positive regulators of TCA cycle
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ADP
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Positive regulators of glycogenesis
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Glucose-6-phosphate Insulin Cortisol
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Positive regulators of glycogenolysis
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Epinephrine Glucagon AMP
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Positive regulators of HMP shunt
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NADP+
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Positive regulators of urea cycle
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N-acetylglutamate
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Positive regulators of fatty acid synthesis
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Insulin Citrate
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Positive regulators of cholesterol synthesis
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Insulin Thyroxine
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Negative regulators of glycolysis
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ATP citrate
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Negative regulators of gluconeogenesis
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AMP Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate
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Negative regulators of TCA cycle
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ATP NADH
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Negative regulators of glycogenesis
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epinephrine Glucagon
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Negative regulators of glycogenolysis
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Glucose-6-phosphate Insulin ATP
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HMP shunt
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NADPH
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Negative regulators of de novo purine synthesis
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AMP inosine monophosphate (IMP) GMP
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Negative regulators of fatty acid synthesis
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Glucagon Palmitoyl-CoA
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Negative regulators of fatty acid oxidation
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Malonyl-CoA
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Negative regulators of cholesterol synthesis
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Glucagon Cholesterol
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Rate determining enzyme of glycogenesis
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Glycogen synthase
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Rate determining enzyme of de novo pyrimidine aynrhesis
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Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II
