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dendrites
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In the early years of development, there is a great deal of activity in the brain as brain cells make connections with each other. These connections are made through branches called
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blank slate
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Which of the following best captures the meaning of the term 'tabula rasa'?
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professionalism
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In your first education class, your professor states, "Early childhood teachers are not glorified babysitters; they are committed to the care and education of young children." Which theme of early childhood teacher training does his comment reflect?
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rousseau
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Which philosopher viewed children as inherently good, who develop on their own according to natural processes, and who require little adult supervision to reach their potential?
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What is the professional opinion of the teacher, regardless of family values or differences
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Which of the following is NOT one of the knowledge bases used to guide professional decision making, according to the NAEYC publication, Developmentally Appropriate Practice (2009)?
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Froebel
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Who viewed children as seeds, educators as gardeners, and formed programs called Kindergartens? (father of kindergarten)
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National Association for the education of young children
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__________ is the largest and best-known early childhood education organization.
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Benjamin Spock & T. Barry Brazelton
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Who has largely been responsible for building public awarenss about stage theories of children's development?
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physical, psychosocial
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Gesell is to ___________ development as Erikson is to ____________ development.
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Locke
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Which philosopher is known for using the metaphor of a tabula rasa for children?
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an open mind
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According to Magda Gerber, early childhood professionals should approach children with
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providing alternatives to an inappropriate behavior
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What is the best definition of redirection?
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understanding the internal motivations that influence the learner's behavior
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Observation is recommended for all but which of the following purposes?
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False
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T/F When diapering an infant, it is necessary for the caregiver to wash her/his hands but not necessarily the infant's hands.
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developing a relationship with the child
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What is the most important factor in building cooperation with children and getting them to listen?
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True
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T/F Practice in risk-taking is an important part of learning safety.
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Always look children in the eye, and make sure they maintain eye contact
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All but which of the following are recommended for communicating with children?
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Emmi Pikler
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Whose research focused on how children develop movement and demonstrated that children can learn to control their bodies and stay safe when given the chance to move freely?
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make an attempt at interpreting a child's motives
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When observing a classroom as an outside (student) observer, you should do all BUT which of the following?
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walkers
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What type of equipment has caused more injuries than any other?
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emotional experiences
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In the early part of the chapter, Gonzalez-Mena emphasizes that intelligence has its origin in...
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Answer children's questions about how the guinea pig died, and let them talk about their reactions to it.
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f the classroom's pet guinea pig were to accidentally die during the school day, which would be the better way to handle the situation?
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cortisol
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What is the name of the hormone that is associated with children's stress, can be detected in saliva, and has been used to demonstrate how early stress on children affects the brain, immune system, and other development?
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It hurt when you fell off the riding toy."
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Which is an example of "validation"?
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rejection of another person
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According to your text, what is the most powerful non-violent tool a child has at his/her disposal?
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"Come on, that's nothing. Stop making such a big deal."
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Which of the following is an example of "discounting"?
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unwritten curriculum
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the learning that occurs, often unconsciously, through the relationships that children develop with adults is called...
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Listening
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What is the first step in helping a child who is upset?
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ask rhetorical questions
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All but which of the following are guidelines for effective communication?
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talk in absolutes
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n order to help a child learn to make their own interpretations of their feelings, desires, and perceptions, an adult should use all but which of the following strategies?
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infancy
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At the Pikler Institute, at what age do children begin to learn cooperation and responsibility?
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False
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T/F When children are engaged in parallel play, they are engaged in a joint project such as building a structure or creating a puppet show.
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Children should not be given recognition regularly, only when they've earned it by accomplishing something.
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Regarding praise, which of the following statements is FALSE?
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focus on the means and not necessarily the end product
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Five characteristics of play include active engagement, intrinsic motivation, nonliteral behavior, freedom from external rules, and ________________.
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objects, ideas, teachers, and peers
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According to the text, developmentally appropriate practice includes figuring out ways for children to be engaged with _________ when learning.
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False
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T/F Play is always fun and if children are truly engaged in play they will show it by smiling and/or laughing.
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True
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T/F Jean Piaget's theory supports the use of play as a developmentally appropriate practice for children's cognitive development.
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Compared to work, play is more intrinsically motivated
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Compare work and play
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True
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T/F The three types of symbolic play are dramatic play, constructive play, and games with rules
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By observing how children play in it and how they use the materials
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How can you tell if the play areas you set up in the classroom are effective?
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recognize alternatives
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Children often have a narrow vision of the ways in which they can respond to situations. They may not be prepared to make good decisions, for instance, when they are in the midst of a conflict. As teachers, we must help them to ...
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vygotsky's
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The zone of proximal development and assisted performance are important concepts in ________ theory of development.
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feedforward
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This is a tool teachers can use to guide young children to understand the potential consequences of their actions; it is given in neutral tone of voice and is intended to help children foresee that their actions may be hurtful to others.
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modeling a positive attitude towards diversity
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What is the first step in taking an antibias focus?
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False
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T/F According to Gonzalez-Mena, societal changes in gender roles have significantly changed the landscape of early childhood education. Past problems with the lack of men working with young children have pretty much been eliminated.
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assertiveness
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What term refers to the quality of standing up for one's own needs and wants in ways that recognize and respect what other people need and want?
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virtue, power, significance, and competence
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The four dimensions of self-esteem are...
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Social-Cognitive Theory
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The importance of modeling as a learning approach was demonstrated through research by Albert Bandura. What is the name for Bandura's learning theory?
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a feeling of being loved and cared about by those important in one's life
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The term significance means
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False
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T/F When children get too noisy in the elementary school cafeteria, the lunch monitor screams, "Quiet Down!" According to social-cognitive theory, this action will lead the children to be quiet.
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it is similar to dual-focus supervision
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Regarding "soft eyes," which of the following is true?
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False
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T/F To be a successful early childhood teacher, you must focus little attention on your own needs, and always be focused entirely on children's and family's needs.
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a U.S. government act requiring programs to create plans for responding ot children with special needs
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What is an IDEA
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parents as partners
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This approach to parents in early childhood programs views parents as collaborators and involves parents in decision making.
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to learn about the child and family to to teach them about the program
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What should be the goals of an intake interview for new families?
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negotiate
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During which step of the RERUN process do you try to look for solutions, such as asking, "What can be done about this situation?"
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dialogue
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When adults disagree, what is one good way to handle the conflict and also provide a good role model for children in your care?
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Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP)
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This is a plan for infants, toddlers, and their families that is part of meeting special needs through the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.
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Have the child translate for the teacher and parent
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If a family comes to the center with diverse needs, which of the following is NOT a good example of meeting their needs?
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Request
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In the box on "Communication with Compassion," Marshall Rosenberg focused on 4 components of communication. Which of the 4 is about putting into words an action that you need?
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Double-the-Fun has its coat hooks at adult level, and supplies are stored on high shelves and in closed cupboards.
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Which of the following child care centers has interdependence-promoting environmental characteristics?
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True
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T/F Compared to a large open classroom and play yard, an early childhood environment with many small areas is more likely to encourage cooperation among children.
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the environment reflecting the program's goals and values
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n the story of Miss Dee Dee's early childhood education program presented in the text, which environmental aspect was emphasized?
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Finding out the state regulations and licensing standards
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What is the first step in planning an early childhood education environment?
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a full day childcare center
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Which of the following child care environments is most likely to make use of surround care?
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True
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T/F An antibias approach to diversity is more activist than a multicultural approach.
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interest centers, physical care centers, and gross motor learning spaces.
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Early childhood education occurs in...
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the space where the class aquarium is located
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Of the following areas in Ms. Melanie's four-year-old preschool classroom, which is considered an interest center?
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Different age groups need their own discrete spaces separate from other age groups.
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Regarding space in an early childhood environment, which of the following statements is TRUE?
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True
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T/F Early childhood practitioners can strive for authenticity in the classroom environment by doing the following: Providing real tools and equipment, designing to room to encourage exploration, and by having the classroom environment reflect the diversity of the people in the program.
