quiz for chapter 19 review – Flashcards
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substances produced by normal cells that either directly block tumor growth or stimulate the immune system to fight cancer
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biologic responce modifiers
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synthetic chemicals containing alkyl groups that interfer with DNA synthesis
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alkylating agents
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loss of differentiated cells
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anaplasia
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programmed cell death
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apoptosis
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chemicals that prevent cell division by inhibiting formation of substances necessary to DNA
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antimetabolites
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process of forming new blood cells
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angiogenesis
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noncancerous growth
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benign tumor
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chemical substances produced by bacteria or primative plants, inhibit the growth of cells in cancer chemotherapy
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antibiotics
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drugs that block mitosis (cell division)
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antimitoico
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assisting primary treatment
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adjuvant therapy
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treatment with drugs
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chemotherapy
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genetic material within the nucleus of a cell
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DNA deoxyribonnucleicacid
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cancerous tumor
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carcinoma
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drugs that promote tumor cells to differentiate , stop growing and die
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differentiating agents
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pieces of DNA that can cause a normal cell to become malignant
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cellular oncogenes
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loss of differentiation of cell reversion to a more primative type, anaplasia
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dedifferentiation
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agents that cause cancer , chemicals drugs, radiation, viruses
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carcinogens
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use of the body's own defenses to destroy tumor cells
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biological therapy
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low energy beams of radiation for treatment of skin or surface tumors
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electron beams
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specialization of cells
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differentiation
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unit of absorbed radiation dose
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gray (Gy)
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exposure to any form of radiant energy such as light , heat, exrays
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irradiation
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evaluation of the degree of maturity of tumor cells
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grading tumors
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giving radiation in small repeated doses
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fractionation
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replication of cells, two identical cells from a parent cell
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mitosis
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spread of a malignant tumor to a secondary site
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metastasis
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condition fo being diseased
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morbidity
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family members are tested to determine wheter they have inheritied a cancer causing gene
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genetic screening
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radiation applied to a tumor from a distant source
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external beam radiation
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method of treatment such as surgery chemotherapy or radiation
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modality
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study of the distribution in and removal of drugs from the body over a period of time
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pharmokinetics
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unit of DNA composed of sugar phosphate and a base
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nucleotide
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possesing a stem or stalk (penducle )
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pendulated
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subatomic particles produced by cyclotron deposit an absorbed dose of radiation at a focused point in the body
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proton therapy
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new growth (tumor)
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neoplasm
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localized cancer confined to the site of origin
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carcinoma in situ
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surgery with using cold temperature
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cryosurgery
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general ill health and malnutrition
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cachexia
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pertaining to small glandular sacs, as seen under a microscope
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follicular
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treatment with drugs
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chemotherapy
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malignant tumor of fibrous tissue
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scirrhous tumor
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pertaining to tumor cells arranged in small sacs, as seen under a microscope
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alveolar
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burning tissue using electricity
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cauterization
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pertaining to a tumor with large open spaces filled with fluid
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cystic tumor
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mushrooming pattern of tumor growth
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fungating
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pertaining to a tumor containing dead tissue
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necrotic
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inflammation of a mucous membrane
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mucositis
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pertaining to causing genetic change
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mutagenic
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forming small fingerlike or nipple like projections of cells as seen under a microscope
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papillary
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change in the genetic material (DNA) of a cell
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mutation
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study of tumors
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oncology
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tumor cells forming a variety of cells as seen under a microscope
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pleomorphic
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study of distribution and the removal of drugs from the body over time in humans and animals
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pharmacokinetics
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abnormal -appearing (but not clearly cancerous ) cells as seen under a microscope
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dysplastic
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pertaining to a large soft fleshy tumor
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medullary tumor
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densely packed tumor cells as seen under a microscope
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scirrhous
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use of radioactive substances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease
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radiation therapy
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formation of blood vessels
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angiogenesis
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growths that are like projections extending outward from a base
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polypoid tumors
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childhood cancer arising from immature cells in the posterior , light sensitive area of the eye
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retinoblastoma
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condition of dry mouth
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xerostomia
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malignant tumor of bone
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osteosarcoma
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malignant tumor of the glandular tissue
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adenomacarcinoma
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condition of excessive formation of cells (HYPER)
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hyperplasia
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treatment using ionizing radiation to destroy tumor cells
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radiation therapy
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written plan detailing the procedures to be followed in research or treatment
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protocol
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spread of a malignant tumor or distant or secondary site
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metastasis
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radiation treatment delivered via distant source
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external beam irradiation
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conditon of loss of differentiation of cells (reversion to a more primative formation)
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anaplastic
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programmed cell death
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apoptosis
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cells that resemble epithelial cells as seen under the microscope
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epidermoid
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abnormal transformation of differentiated cells to differentiated tissue of another kind
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hyperplasia
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bone marrow activity is decrease (side effect of chemotherapy)
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myelosuppression
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radiation delivered in close range to a tumor site
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proton therapy
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new formation growth
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neoplasm
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benign tumors -4 things
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slow growing encapsulated, non invasive well differentiated nonmetastic
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malignant tumors 4 things
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rapidly multiplying invasive ,infiltrative anaplastic undifferentiatied metastic
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cystic
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forming large open spaces filled with fluid (either mucous(thick) or serous (thin)
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fungating
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mushrooming pattern of growth in which tumor cells pile one on top of another and project from a tissue surface
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inflammatory
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having the features of inflammation that is redness swelling and heat
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medullary
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pertainging to large fleshy soft tumors
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necrotic
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containing dead tissues
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polypoid
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growths that are like projections extending outward from the base
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sessile polypoid tumor
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extend fromt the base
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penducated
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extend from a stem or stalk
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ulcerating
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characterized by an open exposed surface resulting fromt he death of overlying tissue
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verrucous
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resembling a wart like growth
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alveolar
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tumor cells form patterns resembling small sacs
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carcinoma in situ
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referring to localized tumor cells that have not invaded adjacent stuctures
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diffuse
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spreading evenly through out the affected tissue
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dysplastic
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abnormal appearing cell not clearly cancerous (moles or nevi)
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epidermoid
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resembling squamous epithelial cell (thin plate like)
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follicular
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forming small glandular sacs
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papillary
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forming small finger like or nipple like projections of cells
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pleomorphic
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composed of a variety of types of cells (mixed cell tumors)
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scirrhous
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densely packed (scirrhous means hard ) tumors containing dense bands of fiborous tissue
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undifferentiated
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lacking microscopic structues typical of normal mature cells
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brachytherapy
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implantation of small seeds of radioactive material directly into the tumor
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electron beams
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low energy beams for treatment of sking or surface tumors
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external beam irradiation
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radiation therapy applied to a tumor from a distant source
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fields
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dimmensions of the size of radiation area used to treat a tumor from a specific angle
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fractionation
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dividing radiation into small doses repeatedly caused less total damage to surrounding areas
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gray (Gy)
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unit of absorbed radiation dose 100 rads is equal to 1 Gy. one unit
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linear accelerator
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large electronic dev ice that produces high energy z ray beams for treatment of deep seated tumors
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photon therapy
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a linear accelerator produces photon beams which treat tumors
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proton therapy
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sm subatomoic positively charged particles (protons) . Cyclotron deposits all the absorbed dose at a focused finite point
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radiocurable tumor
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a tumor that can be irradicated with radiation therapy
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radioresisitant tumor
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a tumor that requies large doses of radiation to produce death of the cells
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radiosensitive tumor
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tumor which irradiation can cause death of cells without serious damage to the surrounding tissue
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radiosensitizers
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drugs that increas the sensitivity of tumors to exrays
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simulation
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study prior to radiation therapy using ct scan or mri scans
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sterotactic radio surgery
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a single large dose of radiation
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alopecia
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balndness
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fibrosis
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increase in connective tissues
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mucositis
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inflammation and ulceration of mucous membrane
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myelosuppression
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bone marrow depression
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pneumonitis
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inflammation of the lungs
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xerostomia
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dry mouth
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alkylating agents
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interfere with the process of DNA synthesis by attaching to DNA molecules
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antibiotics
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these drugs are produced by bacteria of fungi . help the DNA strands to break there for stopping the replica
