Quiz #3 Ch. 4
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Max Weber originated the concept of life chances, which refers to
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the practical opportunity to achieve material success
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The aggressive approach to parenting that stresses assertiveness and interactions with adults, and involves filling children's schedules is called
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concerted cultivation
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Most sociologists conceptualize social class as
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a ladder
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Income inequality has increased continuously since the 1960s, for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
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decrease in personal responsibility and work ethic
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A young adult whose parents can provide funds for college, reliable health care, and emotional support stands a better chance of achieving her material goals in life. This is an example of
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life chances
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The difference between one's class origin and class destination is known as
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social mobility
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The tendency of people to be in the same social class throughout their lives is called
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class persistence
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The practice of setting tax rates so that wealth is redistributed toward the poor is called
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progressive taxation
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The process of families deciding who will do various chores and duties is an example of
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division of labor
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Which of the following is NOT true about class identity?
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It is stronger in societies with more social mobility.
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Which of the following is true about social class and parenting?
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Parents usually guide their children to value the traits that will prepare them to stay at the same social class level
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Being a member of a family or other exclusive group gives individual members access to all of the resources of that group. Sociologists call these resources
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social capital
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The process by which labor produces wealth that is not controlled by the laborers but by others, is called
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exploitation
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A young adult who can provide letters of recommendation from respected community leaders who are friends with his parents is often more likely to get a desired position or admission. This is an example of
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social capital
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Which of the following is NOT a trend in poverty in the United States?
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Homelessness has increased
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In the General Social Survey, 8 percent of Americans identify as
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lower class
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Many children of single parents have a smaller extended family network on which to rely. This causes a reduction in
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social capital
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Which of the following is NOT a problem with the poverty line as a measure of poverty?
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It is not updated frequently enough
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Which of the following describes the change in the Gini index scores for the United States in the past 60 years?
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It has steadily increased since 1970
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Members of the upper class often marry each other, maintaining the deep pool of social capital available to them. This mate selection practice is called
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endogamy
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The parenting practice of many poor and working-class families, which allows for informal play and a focus on protection and care is called
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accomplishment of natural growth
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The Gini index is
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a measure of inequality
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For members of a social class, the everyday interactions, shared economic circumstances, distinctive ways of life, and an awareness of those patterns is known as
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class identity
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Which of the following facts is true about social mobility?
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Until recent decades, social class persistence was mitigated somewhat by estate taxes
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In the General Social Survey, 3.2 percent of Americans identify as
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upper class
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The existence of social inequality indicates that it serves some beneficial purpose for society, according to what point of view?
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functionalism
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The social class gap between those with Internet access and those without is known as
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digital divide
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Which of the following is NOT a reason discussed in the text for the gap in "media time" between upper-income families and lower-income families?
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stress and demands on time
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The disparity in economic status and security between upper and lower classes is called
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inequality
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Which of the following is NOT true about the poverty line?
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It is the level of income below which sociologists define a family or individual as poor
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The social process of determining who does what work and for what reward is called
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division of labor
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Which of the following is NOT true about the government's role in our social class system?
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The amount of government intervention with the poor is higher in the United States than in other developed countries
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Poverty increased dramatically during the 2000s because of all of the following, EXCEPT
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poor work ethic
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Employees of a retail restaurant chain work to generate profit for the corporation, and that wealth is controlled by executives. Conflict theorists call this
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exploitation
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Which of the following is true about the study of social class?
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Most sociologists have given up on precisely defining social classes
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The text describes the social class system in the United States as a "common description," because it is
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impossible to define classes specifically
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Annette Lareau followed a handful of families in their daily lives in order to understand their
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parenting practices
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Parents who work in jobs that require creativity and divergent thinking are more likely to raise their children to value
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creativity and divergent thinking
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In the text's discussion of poverty in single-parent households, which of the following is NOT one of the types of scarcity mentioned?
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education
