Public Speaking Chapter 14/13/12 – Flashcards
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Special occasion speeches differ from informative and persuasive speeches in all of the following ways except
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They present detailed instructions
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A speech of introduction gives you a moment to shine. You do not need to focus all of the attention on the featured speaker
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False
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Visual aids should be used when you want to offer audience members a concrete reminder of what they should recall from your speech.
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True
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Because ceremonial speeches fall into a special category of speech types, it is not necessary to establish your credibility within your speech.
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False
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Guests who have paused to hear the inspiring words in a toast do not want to hear clichés
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True
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In your acceptance speech, you should demonstrate your understanding of the award's deeper significance.
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True
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Because introduction speeches are so common, audience members are more accepting of platitudes, such as, "here is someone who needs no introduction...".
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False
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A type of speech where the speaker will need to include plenty of attention-getting material throughout the speech is the:
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after-dinner speech
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An effective speech of introduction should do all of the following except:
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answer questions about the featured speaker's background and qualifications
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A type of commemorative speech that only lasts a minute or two is a
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toast
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Aristotle divided speaking into categories. The type dealing with special occasion speaking is
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epideictic
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You should include something in your introduction that evokes the common ____ and feelings that brought your audience together.
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values
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Your praise during a eulogy should demonstrate the perfection of the deceased.
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False
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A speech where you remember someone who has just died is a(n) ____ speech.
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eulogy
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To avoid embarrassment during a speech of introduction, a speaker should
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verify all facts about the speaker he or she will introduce
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The word eulogy comes from the Greek for "____":
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good words
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A(n) ____ speech shows goodwill toward the audience and presenter.
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acceptance
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Though an after-dinner speech is meant to be entertaining, there is not need to keep audience members laughing constantly.
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True
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According to the text, all of the following are true of using method 4 (assertion plus first hand experience) to present evidence except:
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you should not use it if the audience already perceives you as credible
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If your listeners agree with your proposal and have a well developed belief system, you should present:
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only your side of the argument
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Factual statements and opinions which support the logical arguments of a speech are known as:
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evidence
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Causal reasoning:
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is used to prove
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The study of orderly thinking, the sequence and connection of thoughts and ideas as they relate to one another" (Bell, 1990, p. 262) is known as:
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logic
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Speakers who use ____ typically overestimate the costs, problems, or negative consequences of a new proposal.
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exaggeration
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"Smoking among teenagers is increasing. Teenagers are also more involved in violent crimes than they used to be. We need to ban the sale of cigarettes to kids under 18 before our cities turn into violent war zones." This is an example of what type of fallacy?
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post hoc
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The inoculation theory involves:
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presenting a brief look at opposing arguments along with facts and logically disproving them
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Speakers who support their assertions by citing personal experiences are considered less trustworthy and less persuasive.
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False
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"I read the other day that most people really like the new gun control laws. If most people like them, then they must be okay." This is an example of what type of fallacy?
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ad pollum
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If you claim that because no one can prove that angels don't exist that they must exist, you are using the ad hominem fallacy of reasoning.
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False
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Logic connects various pieces of evidence to create a meaningful and persuasive argument.
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True
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When emotional appeals are used in place of evidence, they are unethical.
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True
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When listeners are persuaded, they usually attribute the persuasion to:
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the speaker's use of evidence and logic
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When citing an unfamiliar source, if the qualifications are not mentioned, the presentation is not increased in persuasion.
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True
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In a persuasive speech, the best course is usually:
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presenting both sides
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Deductive reasoning:
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presents the conclusion first and then proceeds to specific supporting cases
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Asked to support his assertion that a particular team will not win the championship, a sports commentator says, "They won't win because they won't be able to put enough points on the board." This is an example of what type of fallacy?
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begging the question
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When audience members perceive that a speaker shares similar attitudes on issues not related specifically to the topic, the audience sees the speaker as:
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more credible with respect to trustworthiness
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According to the text, the most important element of credibility is:
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trustworthiness
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Inaccurate articulation, vocalized pauses, and unnecessary repetition of words, all which lead a speaker to be judged as being low on competence, are examples of:
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nonfluencies
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All of the following are listed by the text as ways to enhance the audience's perception of the speaker's competency except:
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appearing friendly and likeable
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You should present both sides of an argument when:
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you are not asking for immediate action.
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If audience members are not motivated and are unable to process information, they will most like use careful critical thinking and consideration of arguments and evidence. A) True B) False
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starts with specific cases before presenting a general conclusion
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Which of the following is the least persuasive method of presenting evidence?
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assertion plus evidence plus source
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____ occurs when fewer people agree with the speaker at the end of the speech than before the speech.
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the boomerang effect
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Research into listeners' response to the use of logic and evidence indicates all of the following except:
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listeners have very little difficulty spotting illogical messages
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Audiences are more easily persuaded when arguments are presented in a(n) ____ way:
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novel or new
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All of the following are listed by the text as ways to enhance the audience's perception of trustworthiness except:
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avoid referring to yourself
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When presenting both sides of any issue, you should give both arguments equal time.
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false
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Audiences are less affected by the opposing view if a second speaker if the first speaker's message contains documented evidence.
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True
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It isn't evidence unless audience members think it's evidence.
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True
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All of the following are listed by the text as ways to enhance the audience's perception of the speaker's credibility through dynamism except:
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lots of drama or oratorical flair
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What does the Elaboration Likelihood Model of persuasion suggest to speakers?
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Speakers need to present well-supported logic and evidence if their audience is likely to use the central route to processing.
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If you are uncertain as to whether to cite sources, the text suggests that:
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you could include it on the bottom of a transparency without referring to it directly
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Analogical reasoning:
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explains and clarifies
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Which of the following is the most persuasive method of presenting evidence?
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assertion plus first hand experience
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Method 2 of presenting evidence (assertion plus evidence) should be used in all of the following except:
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when the audience will hear opposing views
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A high level of fear is usually more effective in persuasion than medium or low levels of fear.
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True
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Audience members from this type of culture prefer speeches that build on audience history and take a cautious, back-door approach to points:
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collectivistic cultures
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A speech to ____ seeks intellectual agreement from the listeners.
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convince
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All of the following are listed as organizational patterns suitable for persuasive speeches except: A) claim B) topical C) problem-solution D) criteria-satisfaction
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topical
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The first step of the problem-solving procedure involves: A) identifying the problem B) establishing criteria C) analyzing the problem D) listing possible solutions
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identifying the problem
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The difference between organizational patterns used in informative speeches versus those in persuasive speeches, is that persuasive speeches are intended to influence audience opinions, while informative organizational patterns:
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present information without biasing audience opinion.
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In this type of team presentation, each member presents a formal 2-10 minute speech on one aspect of the topic. A) panel B) topical C) symposium D) forum
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symposium
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In Monroe's Motivated Sequence, the solution to the problem is presented in which step? A) need B) visualization C) action D) satisfaction
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satisfaction
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Persuasion is something that we seldom use in our lives. T/F
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False
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To persuade, you must limit the number of options that are perceived as acceptable. T/F
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True
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In this type of team presentation, the members informally discuss a topic or problem in front of an audience. A) forum B) symposium C) topical D) panel
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panel
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The team coordinator should be: A) a member with past team or speaking experience B) a member who doesn't enjoy speaking C) a domineering member who will assure that everyone does their part D) a very quite member who won't offend others
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a member with past team or speaking experience
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In today's world, most persuasive writers combine which types of persuasive issues? A) fact and value B) fact and policy C) policy and scope D) scope and fact
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C
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If you want your speech to be really persuasive it is best to use all three types of appeals: ethos, pathos and logos. T/F
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True
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To learn why people disagree with your position, you should do this on your attitude poll: A) list possible objections to your position B) describe your arguments, in paragraph form, for your audience to evaluate C) only ask open-ended questions D) leave a space at the bottom of the attitude poll where people can describe their objections
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leave a space at the bottom of the attitude poll where people can describe their objections
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In a speech to actuate, you might want to give the audience more than one request for action. T/F
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True
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Gillian gave a presentation on the number of children in her state that had no health insurance. She presented three simple steps that could alleviate the problem that would benefit the children, their parents and society. Gillian didn't ask the audience to write to their representative and she didn't ask them to make a phone call or donate money. She wanted to audience to know that uninsured children present a problem that was solvable. What type of speech did Gillian give? A) a speech to actuate B) a speech to demonstrate C) a speech to convince D) a speech to inform
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a speech to convince
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When working on visual aids with a team, it is best to: A) not have visual aids for team presentations as it creates chaos and confusion B) have each group member make their own visual aid C) have each group member make a different type of visual aid to improve audience interest D) have one group member or the graphic arts department prepare all of the visual aids
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have one group member or the graphic arts department prepare all of the visual aids
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A speaker whose persuasive speech topic is "The Need for More Organ Donors" would expect the audience response to be: A) agreement B) action C) ability to do something D) understanding
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action
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Which of the following is not a specific objective of a speech to actuate? A) urge the audience to continue doing something B) urge the audience to stop doing something C) urge the audience to never start doing something D) urge the audience to agree with your viewpoint
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urge the audience to agree with your viewpoint
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The primary difference in informative and persuasive speeches occurs in the conclusion. A) True B) False
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False
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A team does not need to run through the entire presentation together before the day of the presentation. A) True B) False
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False
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Listeners are more likely to find you credible if you show them areas where you are in agreement with them. A) True B) False
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True
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When evaluating the importance of criteria, team members should eliminate the lease important until how many criteria remain? A) 1-2 B) 6-7 C) 7-10 D) 3-5
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3-5
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Persuasive speakers are more likely than informative speakers to do all of the following except: A) use "therefore" or "as a result" B) use forceful delivery C) use a relaxed, informal style of language D) use emotional appeals
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use a relaxed, informal style of language
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How many visual aids would a team need for a 20 minute presentation? A) 10 B) 20 C) 50 D) 30
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20
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The part of the argument, known as a position statement, is the: A) warrant B) claim C) evidence D) backing
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claim
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In an effective persuasive speech, the speaker: A) avoids letting the audience realize the speech is persuasive B) begins to persuade in the introduction C) waits until the conclusion to attempt to persuade D) begins to persuade by the final main point
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begins to persuade in the introduction
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Billy gave a presentation on appointing a designated driver. He suggested ideas for people to consider before going out for the evening and recommended that people who do not drink should never start. What type of speech did Billy give? A) a speech to convince B) a speech to demonstrate C) a speech to actuate D) a speech to inform
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a speech to actuate
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A speech to ____ asks for intellectual agreement and action of some sort. A) actuate B) inform C) convince D) demonstrate
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actuate
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If you are presenting a position statement of fact, you are most likely to use which organization pattern? A) causal B) claim C) either claim or causal D) comparative advantages
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either claim or causal
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When determining a persuasive speech topic, most speakers: A) analyze the audience before selecting a topic B) select a topic, then analyze the audience C) reject a topic audience members disagree with D) both a and c
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elect a topic, then analyze the audience
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A(n) ____ is composed of three to seven members who work together toward a particular goal. A) group B) class C) team D) audience
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Team
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A single word is not enough because it does not specify the speaker's position. A) True B) False
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True
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A statement of fact indicates: A) The speaker will use both facts and value judgments to recommend a certain policy or situation. B) The speaker will offer evidence in support of a judgment C) the speaker will present arguments and evidence to persuade listeners that an idea, object, or person is not good. D) The speaker will present evidence to persuade the listeners that a debatable point is or is not true
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The speaker will present evidence to persuade the listeners that a debatable point is or is not true
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During a team presentation, the leader should: A) present the introduction and conclusion B) introduce members C) all of these D) direct the question and answer session
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All of these
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Persuasive speeches differ from informative speeches in all of these ways except: A) introduction B) language and style C) supporting material D) organizational patterns
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Introduction
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It is not necessary to research arguments for and against your position in order to persuade your audience. A) True B) False
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False
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Persuasion is: A) being ambiguous B) a method of tricking the audience C) using manipulation to change the minds of the audience D) about influence, not control
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about influence; not control
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Supporting materials in a persuasive speech are adequate if they: A) expand the audience's understanding B) make the speaker's ideas more interesting C) clarify the speaker's ideas D) prove that the speaker's position is accurate and desirable
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prove the speaker's position is accurate and desirable
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According to the text, an attitude poll can be used to help you do all of the following except: A) determine arguments and evidence to use B) select your topic C) determine whether you should present both sides of the issue D) determine any specific objections to your position
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select your topic
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When using a position statement of value, which organizational pattern should you choose? A) criteria-satisfaction B) causal C) comparative advantages D) any of these
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criteria-satisfaction
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The most productive size for a team is: A) 7 members B) 10 members C) 5 members D) 3 members
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5 members
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Persuasive speakers are more likely to use emotional appeals and emotional words to get their audience to relate to their position. A) True B) False
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True
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The emotional needs of an audience are referred to as: A) emotos B) ethos C) pathos D) logos
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Pathos
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In the visualization step of Monroe's Motivated Sequence, you should: A) any of these B) show the bad things that will happen if your plan is not adopted. C) show the bad things that will happen if your plan is not adopted, then follow this by showing the good things that will happen if your plan is adopted. D) show the good things that will happen if your plan is adopted.
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any of these
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When referring to quantity or scope, which question is significant? A) Does evidence of harm exist? B) Is action or change required? C) Does the problem violate basic societal goals or values? D) Is the problem great enough to make it a social issue?
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Is the problem great enough to make it a social issue?
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One purpose of backing for a warrant, according to Toulmin, is that it: A) verifies the date and expertise of the evidence. B) provides the conclusion you hope the audience will reach. C) all of these D) presents the audience with options and asks the audience to make up their own minds.
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verifies the date and expertise of the evidence.
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When evaluating the importance of criteria, team members should eliminate the lease important until how many criteria remain? A) 1-2 B) 6-7 C) 7-10 D) 3-5
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3-5
