Public Health Final Exam – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Which of the following pieces of data is not part of the vital statistics system? a. Births b. Deaths c. Cancer diagnoses d. Dissolutions of marriage
answer
C.
question
Which of the following is not true of case-control studies? a. They usually use a placebo b. Subjects choose for themselves what their exposure is c. Subjects have the disease at the beginning of the study d. They are shorter and need fewer subjects than other studies
answer
B.
question
Which of the following measures of particulate matter is most important for health? a. Smog b. PM10 c. PM2.5 d. PMtotal
answer
C
question
Which of the following statements about the top ten great public health achievements of the 20th century is not true? a. Deaths from infectious diseases have been greatly reduced b. Injury deaths have been greatly reduced c. Deaths from heart disease and stroke have been greatly reduced d. Deaths from cancer have been greatly reduced
answer
D
question
Which of the following is not associated with cardiovascular disease? a. Atherosclerosis b. Hypertension c. High LDL d. High HDL
answer
C.
question
The core functions of public health are: a. Diagnosis, treatment planning, and therapy b. Primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention c. Assessment, policy development, and assurance d. Epidemiology, statistics, and environmental health sciences
answer
C
question
Which of the following statements is not true about sanitary landfills? a. They should be sited in sandy soil b. It is important that they have drains for liquids and vents for gases c. They must meet standards set by RCRA d. They are the most common method of municipal waste disposal
answer
A.
question
HIPAA is designed to: a. protect the privacy of medical records b. protect consumers from fraudulent and irresponsible medical practice c. obstruct the use of medical records for outcomes studies d. prevent health information from being posted on the Internet
answer
A.
question
Federal guidelines recommend that Americans eat more of all the following foods except: a. Meat b. Fruits and vegetables c. Low fat milk products d. Whole grains
answer
A.
question
Which of the following is not part of the chain of causation? a. Environment b. Host c. Assessment d. Agent
answer
C.
question
Which of the following statements about ozone is not true? a. It is limited to urban areas b. It is used as a general measure of air pollution c. It can be produced by the action of sunlight d. It is very irritating to the respiratory system
answer
A.
question
Which of the following statements about public health in the 21st century is true? a. The greatest challenge is how to change human behavior to promote health b. The prevalence of obesity is expected to decline because of healthier diets c. It is expected that more people will become physically active d. Violence and drug use are expected to decline because of stricter law enforcement
answer
A.
question
The model that describes five stages of change of health behavior (pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance) is called which of the following? a. health belief model b. ecological model c. transtheoretical model d. chain of causation
answer
C.
question
Which of the following is true of public health assessment? a. It includes collection and analysis of information. b. It interrupts the chain of causation that leads to an illness or injury c. It requires designing and testing interventions d. It includes providing health services that are not available otherwise
answer
C
question
Which of the following statements is not true? a. Poverty is the number one risk factor for infant mortality b. The risk of infant mortality is higher for children of adolescent mothers than of older women c. The IMR in the United States is lower than that in most western democracies d. The IMR in the United States has declined in the past two decades
answer
C
question
Which of the following pathogens has actually been used in the U.S. as a bioterrorism agent? a. smallpox b. anthrax c. influenza d. ebola
answer
B.
question
Drugs called statins are used as a prevention of which of the following diseases? a. Cancer b. Cardiovascular disease c. Diabetes. d. Arthritis
answer
B
question
Which of the following causes of death has the greatest impact of YPLL? a. Suicide b. Cerebrovascular disease c. Chronic lower respiratory disease d. Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis
answer
A
question
Which of the following is not a factor in why regulation of toxic chemicals has progressed slowly? a. High number of newly registered chemicals b. Minimizing red tape c. Industry opposition d. Citizens' demand for absolute safety
answer
B
question
Which of the following parts of the Medicare program covers hospital care? a. Part A b. Part B c. Part D d. CHIP
answer
A
question
The main sources of cholesterol in the American diet are: a. Eggs, meat, and milk b. Fruits and vegetables c. Alcoholic beverages d. Fish and olive oil
answer
A
question
If you want to compare death rates in two cities with populations that are different from one another with respect to age, you should compare: a. Crude death rates b. Cause-specific death rates c. Age adjusted death rates d. None of the above; useful comparisons cannot be made
answer
C
question
Rachel Carson's book, Silent Spring, focused on the harmful environmental effects of which of the following substances? a. PCBs b. Asbestos c. Mercury d. DDT
answer
D
question
Dietary salt is believed to be a factor in causing which of the following diseases? a. Cancer b. Cardiovascular disease c. Diabetes d. Arthritis
answer
B
question
Which governmental organization is the main assessment and epidemiologic agency for the nation? a. CDC b. NIH c. WHO d. FDA
answer
A
question
Which of the following is not a federal agency involved with ensuring safe drinking water? a. EPA b. CDC c. FDA d. Natural Resources Defense Council
answer
D
question
Which of the following was not true of the response to Hurricane Katrina? a. The hurricane came without warning b. Instructions about evacuation were not clear c. Plans for care of hospital and nursing home patients were inadequate d. Provisions for refugees in the Superdome were inadequate
answer
A
question
Which of the following statements about socioeconomic status is not true? a. People of low SES are to blame for their poor health b. People of low SES tend to behave in unhealthy ways c. People of low SES tend to have more stress d. Black Americans tend to have lower SES than whites
answer
A
question
Which of the following is the definition of the birth rate? a. The number of live births per 1,000 people b. The number of live births per 1,000 females c. The number of live births per 1,000 females ages 15 to 44 d. The total number of births, live or dead, per 1,000 females
answer
D
question
The most important public health intervention for preventing infant mortality is? a. intensive care nurseries b. prenatal care c. natural childbirth d. in vitro fertilization
answer
B
question
Most Americans' health insurance is paid for: a. by their employers b. by the federal government c. by themselves d. by a charity
answer
A
question
The model that describes five levels of influence on health behavior (interpersonal, intrapersonal, institutional, community, and public policy) is called which of the following? a. health belief model b. ecological model c. transtheoretical model d. chain of causation
answer
B
question
Which of the following is not part of the FDA's responsibilities? a. Conduct research on basic physiology of diseases. b. Evaluate new drugs. c. Ensure the safety of foods. d. Regulate vaccines and diagnostic tests.
answer
A
question
All of the following methods of waste disposal have been outlawed except? a. Dumping into rivers, lakes, and oceans b. Open dumps c. Landfills d. Open incineration
answer
C
question
Which of the following statements about Medicare is not true? a. Most people over 65 have access to medical care because of Medicare b. Medicare covers 100 percent of the costs of care for the elderly c. The Medicare program is paid for by taxes on employers and employees d. The Medicare program pays out more than it collects in taxes and premiums
answer
B
question
Census data can be used for all of the following purposes except: a. To determine age-adjusted and age-specific rates b. To determine sex specific rates or race specific rates c. To track trends in interracial marriage d. To track trends in illegal immigration
answer
D
question
Which of the following agencies do not have some responsibility for environmental health? a. EPA b. CDC c. NIH d. CIA
answer
D
question
All of the following are governmental programs to provide nutrition to women and children except: a. WIC b. HPV c. School Meals Program d. SNAP
answer
B
question
Which of the following types of vital statistics data are most likely to be erroneous because of lack of knowledge by the person filling out the form? a. Birth certificates b. Death certificates c. Marriage certificates d. Divorces
answer
B
question
Epidemiology is part of what function of public health? a. Assessment b. Policy development c. Assurance d. Intervention
answer
A
question
Which of the following gases contributes most to global warming? a. Carbon dioxide b. Carbon monoxide c. Ozone d. CFCs
answer
A
question
Which of the following is not a public health function in responding to a disaster? a. surveillance for infectious diseases b. monitoring for environmental hazards c. coordinating evacuation of injured survivors to appropriate medical facilities d. identifying who is responsible for a terrorist attack
answer
D
question
The figure calculated by dividing the square of a person's weight in kilograms by the height in meters is called: a. waist-to-hip ratio b. body mass index c. weight-to-height ratio d. obesity
answer
B
question
Which of the following activities is not part of the CDC's responsibilities? a. Conduct research on the basic physiology of diseases. b. Control the spread of infectious diseases. c. Identify behavioral health hazards. d. Publish MMWR.
answer
A
question
Which of the following initiatives have had the most success in reducing pollution? a. New Source Review b. Clear Skies Initiative c. Cap-and-Trade d. The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
answer
B
question
Which of the following statements is not true about the Healthy People process? a. It began with goal setting for 1990 b. It is now working toward goals for 2020 c. Participants include public health agencies at all levels of government d. It includes laws to reduce health risks
answer
D
question
Which of the following is a method of interrupting the chain of infection? a. Immunization b. Hand-washing c. Quarantine d. All of the above
answer
D
question
The level of government that, according to the Constitution, has the primary responsibility for the health of the population is: a. county b. state c. federal d. non-governmental agencies
answer
B
question
Workers are considered to be "guinea pigs" for all the following reasons except: a. They are purposely used for laboratory experiments b. Their occupational exposures may lead to identification of toxic and carcinogenic effects c. They tend to be exposed to larger amounts of harmful substances than the general population d. They tend to be the first to suffer the effects of harmful substances
answer
A
question
All of the following approaches to controlling Medicare spending have been tried except: a. price controls b. rationing c. DRGs d. managed care
answer
B
question
Which of the following is not part of the chain of infection? a. method of transmission b. immunization c. pathogen d. reservoir
answer
B
question
The death rate in Florida is higher than the death rate in Alaska because: a. The Florida climate is less healthy b. Florida has more crime c. The Florida population is older d. Florida has more pollution
answer
C
question
Which of the following statements is true of environmental health? a. The most serious environmental health hazards are synthetic chemicals b. People would be able to judge the safety of their food without government meddling c. High population density is a cause of environmental pollution d. It should be possible to eliminate health risks from the environment
answer
C
question
Which of the following measures have not contributed to healthier mothers and babies? a. better nutrition b. family planning c. abstinence-only education d. better medical care
answer
C
question
With which of the following diseases would you be most likely to be infected if you were stuck in an elevator for several hours with a patient suffering from the disease? a. AIDS b. cholera c. tuberculosis d. malaria
answer
C
question
Which of the following questions is not necessarily part of an epidemiologic investigation? a. Who is getting the disease? b. When did the first symptoms occur? c. Where might the victim have been exposed to the causative agent? d. Was this a bioterrorist attack?
answer
D
question
Current sources of human exposure to harmful radiation includes all of the following except: a. Radon gas b. The sun c. Medical x-rays d. Glow-in-the-dark watch dials
answer
D
question
Which of the following pathogens has actually been used in the U.S. as a bioterrorism agent? a. smallpox b. anthrax c. influenza d. ebola
answer
B
question
Environmental health does not include: a. Safety of drinking water b. Disposal of toxic chemicals c. Control of air pollution d. Treatment of lung cancer
answer
D
question
Which of the following statements about vaccination is true? a. Measles vaccination can occasionally cause autism b. Vaccination has eliminated malaria in the U.S. c. It is safe to refuse vaccinations because of protection from herd immunity d. Polio vaccination can occasionally cause polio
answer
D
question
Which of the following statements is true? a. New York City's water is filtered to remove cryptosporidia b. Bottled water is in general safer than tap water c. Disinfectants are effective at neutralizing most water contaminants d. Community water supplies are required by law to report what contaminants they contain
answer
D
question
Which of the following medical treatments is required by law? a. kidney transplants b. eyeglasses for school children c. immunizations for school children d. prescription drugs
answer
C
question
Which of the following practices is not effective in preventing HIV transmission? a. Immunization b. Use of condoms for sex c. Use of clean needles for injections d. Treating pregnant women with antiretroviral drugs
answer
A
question
A concept used as a measure of premature mortality is: a. The p value b. Life expectancy c. Age-adjusted mortality rate d. YPLL
answer
D
question
Which of the following possible strategies for reducing air pollution has not been employed in the United States? a. Mandates for reducing automobile emissions b. Marketing of pollution allowances c. Higher taxes on gasoline d. Mandates for industries to report the kinds and amounts of pollutants they discharge
answer
C
question
What was the greatest failure in New York City's response to the World Trade Center attacks? a. inability to get people out of the towers b. insufficient emergency room capacity c. poor communication among rescue workers d. delay in reopening Wall Street
answer
C
question
Which of the following statements is not true of HIV? a. HIV is a retrovirus b. HIV infects T4 cells c. HIV infection typically causes AIDS within a year d. HIV stimulates the body to produce antibodies
answer
C
question
Which of the following statements is not true? a. Coliform count is commonly used as an indicator of drinking water contamination b. Chlorination of water can produce carcinogenic contaminants c. Most community water supplies meet EPA standards for water contaminants d. The incidence of waterborne diseases is probably higher than reported
answer
C
question
The National Center for Health Statistics is part of which of the following agencies: a. Center for Disease Control and Prevention b. National Institutes of Health c. Census Bureau d. House of Representatives
answer
A
question
Scientists at the National Institutes of Health are collaborating with the government of Thailand to test the effectiveness of a new vaccine in preventing HIV infection among prostitutes. Half the women receive the experimental vaccine and half receive an injection of salt water, and the women are then monitored for development of HIV infection. What kind of epidemiologic study is this? a. Cohort b. Case-control c. Retrospective d. Intervention
answer
D
question
All of the following public health measures instituted by federal, state, or local governments are widespread and effective except: a. Preventive care to control asthma b. Immunization against measles c. Fluoridation of water supplies to prevent tooth decay d. Food stamps to prevent malnutrition
answer
A
question
Which of the following is true of public health assurance? a. It includes collection and analysis of information b. It interrupts the chain of causation that leads to an illness or injury c. It requires designing and testing interventions d. It includes providing health services that are not available otherwise
answer
D
question
Who must ultimately be responsible for environmental health? a. Individual citizens, because they can decide whether or not to put the waste they produce into the environment b. Industries, because they contribute the greatest amount of environmental pollution c. Local governments because they are in a position to detect environmental pollution and the harm it does. d. The federal government, because pollution can spread widely, and those harmed by it are often not those that produce it
answer
D
question
Obesity, over nutrition, and inactivity have been shown to raise the risk of all of the following diseases except: a. Alzheimer's disease b. cancer c. cardiovascular disease d. diabetes
answer
A
question
Which of the following types of vital statistics data are most likely to be erroneous because of lack of knowledge by the person filling out the form? a. Birth certificates b. Death certificates c. Marriage certificates d. Divorces
answer
B
