question

3 parts of the neurological system

answer

central nervous system; peripheral nervous system; autonomic nervous system

question

central nervous system

answer

brain and spinal cord (with the exception of anterial horns) ((the power plant))

question

peripheral nervous system

answer

anterial horns and beyond (power lines)

question

neuron is aka

answer

nerve cell

question

neurons contain

answer

cell body and fiber branches going to and from it

question

dendrites

answer

fiber branches that receive inpulses from other parts of nervous system and brings them back to the cell

question

myelin

answer

fatty sheath that surrounds inner part of axon

question

nodes of ranvier

answer

breaks in myelin sheath

question

myelin sheath is found in

answer

CNS and PNS

question

function of myelin sheath

answer

increase speed of impulse

question

myelinated fibers

answer

white matter; major tracts of spinal cord

question

unmyelinated fibers

answer

grey matter; cerebral cortex; central part of spinal cord

question

synapse

answer

ransmission of impulse from one neuron to another

question

tract

answer

groups of nylenated nerve fibers w/I the CNS that carries specific info from one area to another

question

2 major types of nerve fibers in peripheral nerves

answer

motor neuron; sensory neuron

question

motor neuron

answer

conducts efferent impulses from the spinal cord to the periphery

question

sensory neuron

answer

sends afferent impulses from the periphery to the spinal cord

question

Central nervous system is composed of

answer

cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum

question

cerebrum

answer

largest main portion of the brain. has highest mental function

question

2 hemispheres of the cerebrum are joined together by the

answer

corpus callosum

question

brainstem is composed of

answer

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

question

midbrain is the center for

answer

visual reflexes

question

medulla oblongata is the center for automatic control of

answer

respiration and heartrate

question

the cerebellum controls

answer

muscel coordination, tone, posture

question

brain protection levels

answer

skull, meninges, cerebral spinal fluid

question

meninges has 3 layers

answer

duramater (thickest outter layer) arachoid (middle layer) piamater (inner thinnest layer)

question

caudal equina

answer

L2-S5

question

the caudal equina is composed of

answer

gray matter and the anterior horn

question

gray matter is

answer

butterfly shaped; posterior horn

question

the posterior horn transmits

answer

sensory nerves (afferent)

question

the anterior horn transmits

answer

motor nerves (efferent)

question

motor neurons synapse in anterior horn just prior to leaving

answer

the spinal cord

question

motor neurons that synapse above the spinal cord are called

answer

upper motor neurons (brain and most of the spinal cord)

question

motor neurons that synapse below the spinal cord are

answer

lower motor neurons

question

significance of injury in the brain to the spinal cord are called

answer

upper motor neuron lesions

question

examples of upper motor neuron lesions

answer

spinal cord injuries; MS, parkinsons, CVA, head injuries

question

significance of injury beyond anterior horn of spinal cord is called

answer

lower motor neuron

question

examples of lower motor neuron injuries

answer

muscular dystrophy; peripheral nerve injury

question

peripheral nervous system begins at

answer

anterior horn of spinal cord

question

the peripheral nervous system has

answer

spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves and

question

cranial nerves include

answer

trigeminal (5) facial (7) spinal accessory (11) hypoglossal (12)

question

spinal nerves have how many segments

answer

31. they correspond with each vertebral layer

question

spinal nerves

answer

cervical (8) thoracic (12) lumbar (5) sacral (5)

question

dorsal root

answer

spinal nerve attached to the spinal cord. sensory nerve

question

ventral root is what type of nerve

answer

motor

question

dermatomes

answer

sensory fibers of a spinal nerve

question

myotome

answer

groups of muscles innervated by a single spinal segment

question

rami

answer

nerve branch that is outside of the spinal cord

question

3 major plexuses

answer

cervical, brachial, lumbrosacral

question

cervical plexus is the

answer

anterior first degree rami of te first 4 cervical nerves

question

the cervical plexus supplies the

answer

anterior neck muscles; diaphram

question

most important nerve

answer

phrenic

question

cervical plexus supplies sensation

answer

above and behind ears; anterior neck; chest and shoulders

question

brachial plexus is the

answer

anterior primary divisions of C5-T1

question

brachial plexus has 5 terminal branches

answer

axillary; musculocutaneous; radial; ulnar; median

question

brachial plexus supplies

answer

upper extremity

question

if the muscle extends elbow, wrist, fingers or thumb, it is innervated by

answer

the radial nerve

question

axillary nerve spinal cord segment

answer

C5-C6

question

axillary nerve innervates what muscles

answer

deltoid; teres minor

question

axillary nerve paralysis includes

answer

loss of shoulder rotation and weak shoulder external rotation

question

musculocutaneous nerve spinal cord segment

answer

C5-C6

question

musculocutaneous nerve innervates what muscles

answer

coracobrachialis; biceps; brachialis

question

paralysis of musculocutaneous serve includes

answer

loss of forearm flexion when supinated; weak supination.

question

radial nerve spinal cord segment

answer

C6-T1

question

radial nerve innervates

answer

triceps; anconeus; brachioradialis; supinator; wrist, finger and thumb extensors

question

If the muscle originates on/near the latteral epicondyle portion of the humerus, it is innervated by

answer

the radial nerve

question

paralysis of radial nerves include

answer

loss of elbow, wrist, finger and thumb extension

question

flexor muscles are

answer

extensor muscles are

answer

posterior

question

median nerve spinal cord segment

answer

C6-T1

question

median nerve muscle innervation

answer

forearm pronators; wrist and finger flexors on radial side; most thumb muscles

question

if it is on/near the medial epicondyle of humerus it is innervated by

answer

median or ulnar nerve (when in doubt go with median)

question

median nerve paralysis includes loss of

answer

forearm pronation; thumb opposition; thumb flexion and abduction

question

ulnar nerve spinal cord segment

answer

C8-T1

question

ulnar nerve muscle innervation

answer

FCU (flexor carpi ulnaris) FDP (flexor digitorum profundus - medial 1/2) interossei (DAB/PAD); lumbricals

question

paralysis of ulnar nerve includes

answer

weak wrist and finger (4-5) flexion and lossof thumb adduction

question

lumbosacral plexus is formed by

answer

anterior first degree of L1-S3

question

lumbosacral plexus has 8 roots

answer

femoral nerve (front of thigh); tibial nerve (behind tibial) obturator (hip abductors;inside of thigh); sciatic nerve (behind thigh; hamstrings) commonperoneal nerve (fibular; outside front of leg)

question

femoral nerve spinal cord segment

answer

L2-L4

question

femoral nerve muscle innervation

answer

iliopsoas; sartorius; pectineus; quadriceps

question

femoral nerve paralysis includes

answer

weakened hip flexion and loss of knee extension

question

tibial nerve divides into

answer

medial and lateral plantar nerves

question

tibial nerve spinal cord segment

answer

L4-S3

question

tibial nerve muscle innervation

answer

popliteus; ankle plantar flexors; tibialis posterior; foot intrinsics

question

tibial nerve paralysis includes

answer

loss of ankle plantar flexion; toe flexion; and weakened ankle inversion

question

obturator nerve spinal cord segment

answer

L2-L4

question

obturator nerve muscle innervation

answer

hip abductors

question

paralysis of the obturator nerve includes

answer

weakened hip external rotation

question

sciatic nerve spinal segment

answer

L4-S3

question

sciatic nerve muscle innervation

answer

hamstrings

question

paralysis of sciatic nerve includes

answer

weakened hip extension; loss of knee flexion

question

common peroneal (fibular) nerve divides into

answer

superficial and deep peroneal/fibular nerves

question

common peroneal (fibular) nerve spinal segment

answer

L4-S2

question

common peroneal (fibular) nerve muscle innervation

answer

peroneals; tibialis anterior; toe extensors

question

paralysis of common peroneal (fibular) nerve includes

answer

loss of ankle dorsiflexion; toe extension; ankle eversion

question

autonomic nervous sysem controls activities of

answer

smooth muscle; cardiac muscle; certain glands

question

autonomic nervous system is part of the

answer

peripheral nervous system

question

autonomic nervous system is dependent on

answer

activities of CNS

question

autonomic nervous system is divided into 2 parts

answer

sympathetic system; parasympathetic system

question

the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems control

answer

involuntary structures and conduct impulses from the CNS

PTA 150 Neurology – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards