question

A brain-injured patient who can still execute a perfect golf swing or a high dive but is unable to recall or relearn even the broad outlines of American history is exhibiting superior function in which type of memory?

answer

Procedural memory

question

Which type of memory would store BOTH your knowledge of a dog being a vertebrate and a mammal as well as the name of your first dog and the experiences you had with this dog?

answer

Declarative memory

question

Knowing which psychologist founded which school of thought illustrates __________memory.

answer

Semantic

question

An intelligence test for adults frequently has a general knowledge section which tests for __________ memory.

answer

Semantic

question

You are taking a math exam, and you are actively searching through the information stored in your memory to come up with the formulas to answer the questions. You are using your __________ memory.

answer

Explicit

question

Kim is having trouble remembering her old phone number even though she had that number for ten years. It seems that her current phone number that she has had for two years is keeping her from remembering her old phone number. This is called ___________

answer

Retroactive interference

question

Kasey is having trouble learning French because she finds that having learned Spanish earlier makes it more difficult for her to now learn French. This is known as _____

answer

Proactive interference

question

A police officer is shot in the head and suffers brain damage. Although he remembers his life before he was shot, he is unable to store new memories. Thus, he must relearn information each day from video, photographs, and notes constructed by his wife and friends. This police officer suffers from _______

answer

Anterograde amnesia

question

A key element in hypnosis in which somebody has a tendency of hypnotized persons to carry out suggested actions as if they were involuntary

answer

Basic suggestion effect

question

Attending a single focal point, such as an object, thoughts, or your own breathing

answer

Concentrative meditation

question

Widening your attention to embrace a total, nonjudgmental awareness of the world

answer

Mindfulness meditation

question

A common problem during adolescence in which there is an excess of daytime sleepiness

answer

Hypersomnia

question

Brain waves can be amplified and recorded with an ___

answer

EEG

question

Fast brain waves that show you are awake and alert

answer

Beta waves

question

Larger and slower waves that appear immediately before sleep (or very relaxed and allow your thoughts to drift

answer

Alpha waves

question

Stage of sleep cycle that involves slow heart rate, irregular breathing, and muscle relaxation

answer

Stage 1

question

Stage of sleep where sleep deepens and body temperature drops. Sleep spindles generated by the thalamus help prevent the sleeping brain from being aroused by external stimuli

answer

Stage 2

question

Stage of sleep when delta waves (very large and slow) appear, indicating a further loss of consciousness

answer

Stage 3

question

Stage of sleep stage which usually occurs about an hour into the cycle and brain waves are almost pure slow-wave delta

answer

Stage 4

question

The value of REM is it helps us _______ and the value of NREM sleep is it helps us ________

answer

Retain memory; recovery from bodily fatigue

question

A lack of muscle paralysis during REM sleep

answer

REM behavior disorder

question

A sudden temporary paralysis of the muscles, leading to complete body collapse

answer

Cataplexy

question

One of the most effective treatments to aid breathing during sleep/prevent sleep apnea

answer

CPAP (Continuous positive airway pressure)

question

When a baby is deprived of air and has a weak arousal reflex, preventing them from changing positions and resuming breathing after an episode of apnea

answer

Sudden infant death syndrome

question

Dream theory that states that dreams more primitive and bizarre than daytime thoughts because the frontal areas of the cortex (which are in control of higher mental abilities) are shut down. It deems dreams to usually be meaningless

answer

Activation-synthesis hypothesis

question

Dream theory that is based on the fact that main brain areas that are active when we are awake are also active during dreaming. Therefore it stated that dreams have much in common with waking thoughts and emotions

answer

Neurocognitive dream theory

question

Using a drug to address a particular issue, such as drinking a cup of coffee to stay awake or taking a painkiller for a headache/the medical use of drugs.

answer

Instrumental use

question

Using a drug to experience the psychoactive effects of the drug. Getting high on Oxycontin or heroin, even though you are not in physical pain, is an example.

answer

Recreational use

question

Synthetic stimulants

answer

Amphetamines

question

Viewpoint that believes that classical conditioning has cognitive origins because it is related to information that might aid survival. According to this viewpoint, we process associations among events, and this causes unconscious, mental expectancies about how events are interconnected.

answer

Informationational view of classical conditioning

question

The tendency to respond to stimuli similar to, but not identical to, a conditioned stimulus.

answer

Stimulus generalization

question

Type of associative learning that involves unconditioned and conditioned stimuli.

answer

Classical conditioning

question

The part of the brain that becomes active during a conditioned emotional response

answer

Amygdala (limbic system)

question

Increasing responding by taking away discomfort

answer

Negative reinforcement

question

Any event that follows a response and decreases its likelihood of occurring again.

answer

Positive punishment

question

Gradual molding of responses to reach a desired pattern

answer

Shaping

question

Decreasing responding by taking away something pleasant

answer

Negative punishment

question

The tendency of stimuli to control when and where a response is made.

answer

Stimulus control

question

The tendency to make an operant response when stimuli previously associated with reward are present and to withhold the response when stimuli associated with nonreward are present.

answer

Operant stimulus discrimination

question

Natural, non learned needs rooted in biology. Such as food, water, and sex

answer

Primary reinforcers

question

Reinforcing properties by associating with a primary reinforcers. Such as money, praise, and success.

answer

Secondary reinforcers

question

Learned desires for attention, approval, and affection that influence human behavior

answer

Social reinforcers

question

When a set number of correct responses must be made to obtain a reinforcer

answer

Fixed ratio schedule

question

When a varied number of correct responses must be made to get a reinforcer (gets rewarded every 4

answer

Variable ratio schedule

question

When the first correct response made after the time period has passed is reinforced

answer

Fixed interval schedule

question

When a reinforcer is given for the first correct response made after a varied amount of time has passed since the last reinforced response.

answer

Variable interval schedule

question

Understanding, knowing, anticipating, or otherwise using information rich higher mental processes

answer

Cognitive learning

question

Learning that occurs without obvious reinforcement and that remains unexpressed until reinforcement is provided

answer

Latent learning

question

An internal representation of an area, such as a maze, city or campus.

answer

Cognitive map

question

Information returned to a person about the effects a response has had, also known as knowledge of results (KR) and a key element of cognitive learning

answer

Feedback

question

Learning through mechanical repetition and memorization

answer

Rote learning

question

What psychologist find as the most effective form of learning, in which skills are gained by insight and understanding

answer

Discovery learning

question

The three steps of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory

answer

sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory

question

The first, normally unconscious stage of memory, which holds an exact record of incoming information for a few seconds or less

answer

Sensory memory

question

Sensory memory that stores auditory information

answer

Echoic memory

question

What determines what information is moved from sensory memory to short-term memory - depending how much you are paying attention

answer

Selective attention

question

Short term memory combined with other mental processes, acting as sort of a "mental scratchpad." Examples are reading a book, planning a meal, or following directions.

answer

Working memory

question

The process of preserving short term memory by silently repeating or mentally reviewing information to hold it in short-term memory

answer

Maintenance rehearsal

question

The "magic number" of information bits that we can store in our short-term memory, discovered by psychologist George Miller

answer

7

question

Any information that enhances memory by prompting or triggering the retrieval of particular memories

answer

Retrieval cue

question

The process by which memories are reconstructed or expanded by starting with one memory and then following chains of association to other, related memories.

answer

Redintegration

question

Basic conditioned responses and learned actions, such as those involved in typing, driving, or swinging a golf club. Memories such s these can only be fully expressed as actions.

answer

Procedural (or skill) memory

question

Specific factual information, such as names, faces, words, dates, and ideas. Declarative memory is expressed as words or symbols

answer

Declarative (fact) memory

Declarative Memory

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards