question

emerging adulthood

answer

18-25 years; identity exploration, instability, self-focused, feeling in-between, age of possibilities, a time when individuals have an opportunity to transform their lives

question

crystallized intelligence.....

answer

increases in middle adulthood; an individuals accumulated information and verbal skills

question

fluid intelligence...

answer

decreases in middle adulthood; ones ability to reason abstractly

question

_____ refers to the ability to quickly and accurately make simple discriminations in visual stimuli

answer

perceptual speed

question

Shaie's study

answer

verbal comprehension verbal memory numeric ability spatial orientation inductive reasoning perceptual speed

question

Which of the following have NOT been identified as ways to reduce levels of bad cholesterol in middle-age Americans?

answer

Diets high in protein

question

The ability to focus and maintain an image on the retina is referred to as ____ of the eye.

answer

accommodation

question

Many experts on middle adulthood describe the age period of 55-65 as:

answer

late mid-life

question

Crystallized intelligence is:

answer

an individual's accumulated information and verbal skills

question

Female friendships involve more _____ than male friendships.

answer

self-disclosure

question

Most parents learn parenting practices from:

answer

their own parents

question

Living together in a sexual relationship without being married is known as:

answer

cohabituation

question

Research indicates that links between early attachment styles and later attachment styles _____ by stressful and disruptive experiences.

answer

lessened

question

Which of the following is NOT one of John Gottman's seven main principles that determine whether a marriage will work?

answer

Overcoming gridlock

question

_____ love has strong components of sexuality and infatuation, and it often predominates in the early part of a love relationship.

answer

Romantic

question

According to Jean Piaget, which of the following characterizes the thinking of 7- to 11-year-olds?

answer

concrete operational thinking

question

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, ____ of part-time U.S. college students were employed in 2008.

answer

half

question

Condoms are less effective against the spread of:

answer

herpes

question

Tapei is a young adult who exercises regularly. Tapei can expect to see all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

increased fatigue

question

Which of the following Big Five personality factors describes an individual as either self-satisfied or self-pitying?

answer

Neuroticism (emotional stability)

question

The Big Five Factors of Personality

answer

Openness Consciousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism

question

Trevor and Michelle's last child has just left home to attend college. According to research, this will most likely be a time when:

answer

they will have increased marital satisfaction

question

According to George Vaillant's longitudinal studies, _____ in middle age was more strongly related than intimacy to whether individuals would have an enduring and happy marriage at 75 to 80 years of age.

answer

Generativity

question

Identify the Big Five personality factor that classifies a person as either organized or disorganized.

answer

conscientiousness

question

Which of the following is a drug that is used in the treatment of Parkinson disease?

answer

L-dopa

question

_____ becomes less frequent in males with age, occurring in every second to third attempt rather than every time.

answer

orgasm

question

Exercise is linked to the prevention or delayed onset of chronic diseases, such as:

answer

type 2 diabetes

question

Recent studies have focused on the role amyloid plaques, tau, and oxidative stress play _____ disease.

answer

Alzheimer

question

_____ is expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life that permits practical judgment about important matters.

answer

Wisdom

question

The ________ involved in smell.

answer

olfactory bulb

question

Which of the following is observed in older adults?

answer

The chest size decreases.

question

In 2011, which of the following countries had the highest life expectancy?

answer

Monaco

question

Life-span developmentalist Paul Baltes and his colleagues believe that successful aging is related to three main factors:

answer

selection, optimization, and compensation

question

Approximately what percentage of U.S. women 65 years of age and older were living in poverty in 2010?

answer

11

question

At a party, Mike has 12 drinks in a row. This is characterized as:

answer

extreme binge drinking

question

Which of the following is the average age of marriage for males in the United States?

answer

28

question

career mystique

answer

reflects ingrained cultural beliefs that engaging in hard work for long hours through adulthood will produce a path to status, security, and happiness

question

peak performance is reached

answer

before the age of 30; often between the ages of 19 and 26.

question

which of the following is true about work patterns in the U.S?

answer

more than a third of Americans work 40 hours a week.

question

Which of the following statements about sexual orientation is considered TRUE today?

answer

Sexual orientation is a continuum from exclusive male-female relations to exclusive same-sex relations.

question

Emerging adulthood is a time frame during which most individuals are:

answer

sexually active and unmarried.

question

According to research, all of the following are predictors of an increased likelihood of hooking up EXCEPT

answer

executive function

question

a heightened state of pleasure experienced when people engage in mental and physical challenges that absorb them.

answer

flow

question

In fields such as lyric poetry, abstract math, and theoretical physics, the peak of creativity is often reaches in the:

answer

twenties or thirties

question

Some developmentalists theorize that it is not until adulthood that many individuals consolidate their _____ thinking.

answer

formal operational

question

Approximately ______ of the total health bill of the United States is for the care of adults 65 and over, who comprise only 12 percent of the population.

answer

one-third

question

According to the socioemotional selectivity theory, the emotion trajectory is high during:

answer

infancy and early childhood

question

According to evolutionary theory, natural selection is linked to ______, which is present in the earlier part of adulthood.

answer

reproductive fitness

question

A person's knowledge about the world is called _____ memory

answer

semantic

question

A recent analysis concluded that rates of volunteering do not decline significantly until the:

answer

mid-seventies.

question

Exercise in middle-age was linked to a reduction in the occurrence of lung cancer by approximately

answer

68 percent.

question

Which of the following strategies would be MOST helpful in improving memory in middle age?

answer

Use an organization strategy to categorize information to be remembered.

question

Which of the following is the reason for the decrease in height with the advancement in age?

answer

Bone loss in the vertebrae.

question

According to the contemporary life-events approach, the influence of life events also depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT:

answer

The individuals cognitive capacity.

question

According to Levinson, the transition to middle adulthood lasts about _____ years.

answer

five

question

Religiousness has been associated with all the following EXCEPT:

answer

A lower risk of cancer.

question

According to research on intergenerational relationships, in which of the following ways is an adult child most likely to be similar to his or her parents?

answer

In politics.

question

Adult development experts are virtually unanimous in their belief that midlife crises:

answer

have been exaggerated.

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of postformal thought?

answer

It is provisional.

question

In his studies on wisdom, Paul Baltes has found all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

Wisdom is correlated with cognitive factors such as intelligence.

question

Recent studies have led researches to conclude that the emotional life of older adults is more ____ than once thought.

answer

positive.

question

The tiny bodies within cells that supply essential energy for function, growth, and repair are known as:

answer

mitochondria.

question

integrity vs desperation

answer

eighth and final stage of development. Reflecting on the past and either piecing together a positive review or concluding that one's life has not been well spent.

question

activity theory

answer

the more active and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives.

question

Socioemotional selectivity theory

answer

older adults become more selective about their social networks

question

showed strong ambivalence toward a romantic partner

answer

attachment-anxious

question

According to recent studies, half of first marriages will end in divorce within ______

answer

twenty

question

Individuals with an anxious attachment style:

answer

demand closeness in relationships and are more emotional.

question

Which of the following personality supertrait describes whether an individual is either secure or insecure?

answer

neuroticism

question

One study revealed that an important factor among older adults who showed higher level of emotion regulation and successful aging was:

answer

reduced responsiveness to regrets

question

middle adulthood

answer

40-65

question

generativity vs stagnation

answer

seventh stage in Erikson's theory; generativity encompasses adult's desire to leave legacies of themselves to the next generation. Stagnation develops when individuals sense they have done little or nothing for the next generation.

question

explicit memory

answer

memory of facts and experiences that individuals consciously know and can state. Explicit memory is memory of facts and experiences that individuals can constantly know and state.

question

implicit memory

answer

memory without conscious recollection.

question

episodic memory

answer

where and when

question

Schaie's stages of cognitive development

answer

acquisitive stage—the 1. aquisitive stage -task of acquiring information spans all of childhood and adolescence 2. achieving stage—the task of applying one's intelligence to reach career and family goals during early adulthood 3. responsible stage—the task of protecting career and family during and after the transition from early to middle adulthood 4. executive stage—the task of broadening focus from the personal domain to the community or societal level, typically occurring later than the responsible stage in middle adulthood but not necessarily exhibited by all adults 5. reintegrative stage—the task of applying one's intelligence to issues of great personal concern during late adulthoo

question

In developing countries, a significant marker of entry into adulthood is:

answer

getting married

question

A longitudinal study revealed that MOST bad health habits engaged in during adolescence ______ in emerging adulthood

answer

increased

question

Which of the following is a similarity in the reasoning of Jean Piaget and information-processing psychologists?

answer

Adults especially increase in their knowledge in a specific area.

question

Visually encoded _____ memory was linked to older adults' mobility.

answer

working

question

The cost of caring for older adults with mental health disorders is estimated to be more than _____ per year in the United States.

answer

$40 billion

question

Which of the following is a major difference between Levinson's and Valliant's view on midlife?

answer

Valliant maintains that only a minority of adults experience midlife as a crisis.

question

According to Victor Frankl, the three most distinct human qualities are freedom, responsibility, and:

answer

spirituality

question

According to John Horn, ______ steadily declines from middle adulthood onward:

answer

fluid intelligence

question

Which of the following is TRUE about the Seattle Longitudinal Study?

answer

New waves of participants are added periodically

question

Disciplined or impulsive

answer

Conscientiousness

question

_____ refers to the ability to recognize and understand patterns and relationships in a problem and use this understanding to solve other instances of the problem.

answer

inductive reasoning

question

Which of the following statements about cardiovascular disease is TRUE?

answer

When HDL is high and LDL is low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessened.

question

Which of the following statements about the changes in bone mass and density is TRUE?

answer

women lose bone mass twice as fast as men do.

question

Most swimmers and gymnasts peak in their:

answer

late teens

question

Deterioration of the myelin sheath that encases axons called:

answer

demyelination

question

Treatment for men with erectile dysfunction has focused on Viagra and similar drugs, such as:

answer

Levitra and Cialis

question

Identify the Big Five personality factor that describes whether a person is independent or conforming.

answer

Openness to experience.

question

In the Berkeley Longitudinal Studies, which of the following characteristics was generally stable across time for the adult

answer

Self-confidence

question

Trajectory of motivation for knowledge-related goals decline during:

answer

middle and late adulthood

question

Women are especially vulnerable to _____, which is the leading cause of broken bones in women.

answer

osteoporosis

question

Which of the following about the empty nest syndrome is TRUE?

answer

It involves a decline in marital satisfaction after the children leave home.

question

Which of the following characteristics generally changed the most across time for the adult?

answer

nurturance or hostility.

question

_______ percent of the men Levinson interviewed found the midlife transition tumultuous and psychologically painful, as many aspects of their lives came into question.

answer

70 to 80.

question

In 2012, _____ percent of U.S. adults over 65 years of age were married.

answer

58

question

Which of the following could be the probable reason why older adults tend to report being less lonely than younger adults?

answer

Older adults have more selective social networks and a greater acceptance of solitude.

question

Which of the following is a similarity of the cellular clock, free-radical, and mitochondrial theories?

answer

they attempt to explain aging at the cellular level.

question

Explicit memory is also called ______

answer

declarative

question

All of the following are characteristics associated with cenetenarians EXCEPT:

answer

Smoking.

question

J nurtures and guides her children. According to Erikson, she has achieved ______ generativity.

answer

parental

question

________ is a term that is used to describe the midlife transition in which fertility declines.

answer

Climacteric.

question

Cognitive neuroscience has uncovered some important links between aging, the brain, and cognitive functioning. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

answer

In older adults, the functioning of the hippocampus declines more than the functioning of the frontal lobes.

question

Which of the following statements about cohabiting arrangements in the U.S. is true?

answer

Fewer than 1 out of 10 such arrangements last five years.

question

A recent national survey found that _____ percent of US of 20- to 39-year olds were obese.

answer

27%

question

Which of the following is reason for the disappearance of many long-term jobs?

answer

cheaper labor in other countries.

question

_______ love has strong components of sexuality and infatuation, and it often predominates in the early part of a love relationship.

answer

romantic

question

A recent analysis predicted that _____ percent of US adults will be obese in 2030.

answer

42%

question

According to a recent study, college students from low-SES backgrounds ______ when compared to their high SES counterparts.

answer

showed unhealthy weight control.

question

Which country has the highest divorce rate?

answer

Russia

question

The _______ theory focuses on the types of goals that individuals are motivated to achieve as they approach the end of life.

answer

socioemotional selectivity.

question

______ is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for Alzheimer disease.

answer

mild cognitive impairment.

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