Psychology HW 8
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Tori's physician is treating her for ulcers she developed after her son's extended hospital stay. Tori's condition can be best addressed by which view of stress?
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response
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Angel was very worried about studying for his math test, so he asked his boss for the night off from work, and she said yes. Now he has plenty of time to study for the test and is no longer too concerned. Initially, when Angel was stressed, he engaged in __________.
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secondary appraisal
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Glucocorticoids do which of the following?
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maintain physiological processes in an emergency
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Which of the following correctly describes the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis's response to stress?
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The hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to trigger the adrenal production of cortisol.
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Hans Selye's theory of stress response views the physiological processes involved as being deviations from __________.
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homeostasis
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Larry has an extremely stressful job and comes home every day with an upset stomach and a headache. He says he'll just have to deal with it for now, so he takes aspirin and stomach acid reducers on a daily basis. Larry is in the ___________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).
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resistance
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________________ attempts to decrease the experience of stress; ___________ attempts to change a stressful situation.
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Emotion-focused coping; problem-focused coping
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Having social connections has been shown to be beneficial for which of the following circumstances?
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-quitting smoking -decreasing the chance of getting a cold -increasing the life span
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The connection between the central nervous system and the immune system is best described as __________.
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bidirectional
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\"T cells\" (T lymphocytes) fight antigens by __________.
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activating several cellular processes that attack foreign substances
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Mabel was late with her rent payment again, and she had a big argument with her landlord in the front office. The man that she had been flirting with across the hall came in during the argument, and now he knows that she is having money troubles. When she left the office, she saw that she had a flat tire on her car. She was so overwhelmed by everything she sat down on the curb and started to cry. Mabel is focusing on all of the situations that are causing her stress. This is also known as the
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stimulus view of stress.
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The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is an example of the
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response view of stress.
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The ______ maintain the activation of physiological systems during emergencies.
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glucocorticoids
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Which of the following theorists created the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)?
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Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe
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Margo has been exposed to a stressor and would be considered to be in the first stage of Hans Selye's GAS model. Which of the following terms would best reflect Margo's stage of stress?
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alarm
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What is phagocytosis?
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a process that causes white blood cells to engulf and to digest or move a substance to a place where it will be destroyed
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Which of the following components of Type A pattern personality best predicts death from heart disease?
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hostility
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Which of the following psychological conditions more than doubles the risk of death from heart disease?
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depression
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New research has demonstrated that increased experience with sex—even chronic exposure to sex—also increases neurogenesis in what area of the brain?
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hippocampus
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Moira just lost her job. The first thing she does after she gets her \"pink slip\" is to go out to her car and call her best friend Carly. Moira's behavior is an example of which type of emotion-focus coping method?
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seeking social support
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Which of the following could be considered a stressor?
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-Losing your keys -Winning the lottery -Getting fired from your job
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When people respond to stressors, they use ____________ to balance things out.
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coping strategies
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Alicia came home from work today and seemed okay, but then found that she had lost the change from her change purse. It probably amounted to $2.00 or less, but she started sobbing and can't seem to stop crying. Her family doesn't understand what is wrong. Use your knowledge about stressors to help her family understand what probably happened. Which inference below is most appropriate?
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She had a hard day where a lot of different things went wrong.
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Stressors can be categorized as
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daily hassles and major life events.
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When there are too many______, a _______stress occurs.
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stressors, response
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Stress is the result of your perceived inability to ______ with the demands of a particular situation.
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cope
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Zajonc (1965) showed that social facilitation occurs most frequently when we are performing tasks that __________.
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we usually perform well
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An example of informational social influence would be __________.
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chimpanzees looking to other chimpanzees to learn to use new tools
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What percentage of participants completed Milgram's famous obedience experiment following orders and believing they were delivering a deadly shock to another person?
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65 percent
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Roscoe says he got an A on the psychology test because he is smart, but he got a D on the English test because the professor is mean and gave an unfair exam. Roscoe is most likely committing __________.
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a self-serving bias
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Prejudice is to ___________ as discrimination is to ____________.
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attitude; action
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The more Tanya hears a new song, the more she likes it. Zajonc's theory would say that Tanya's liking is a result of _________.
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mere exposure
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Albert Bandura's Bobo doll study demonstrated which of the following with respect to aggression?
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Children can learn aggression through exposure to aggressive models.
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Some psychologists theorize that viewing violent programming leads to aggression due to
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desensitization to violence.
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In the famous case of murder victim Kitty Genovese, psychologists speculate that no one came to her aid because of __________.
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diffusion of responsibility
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The evolved predisposition to provide assistance to one's relatives over nonrelatives is called __________.
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kin selection
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Dennis's mom tells him each night at dinner not to put his elbows on the table. Dennis's mom's statement is an example of
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social norms.
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______ occurs when people conform to the behavior of others because they view them as a source of knowledge about what they are supposed to do.
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Informational social influence
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In Solomon Asch's study, when participants were left alone to do the task, they made errors less than
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1% of the time.
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______ occurs when the thinking of the group takes over, so much so that group members forgo logic or critical analysis in the service of reaching a decision.
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Groupthink
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Which theorist spent much of his early academic life trying to make sense of the Holocaust?
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Stanley Milgram
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What percentage of Stanley Milgram's participants \"shocked\" all the way to 450 volts?
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65%
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When we use ______, we end up judging people not by their actions but by our notions of how they might act.
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stereotypes
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The value or payoff that one gains by connecting with others is known as
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social capital.
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On the Implicit Associations Test,
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African Americans tend to respond more slowly to pairings of \"White American\" with positive words than they do to pairings of \"White American\" with negative words.
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Which two hormones are consistently related to high levels of aggression?
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testosterone and serotonin
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Attributions fall in two categories:
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internal and external.
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As individuals, we are most likely to explain our own behavior in terms of ______.
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external attributions
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Which of the following is an example of the fundamental attribution error?
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Joan did well on the test because she is smart.
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Which of the following shows an example of determining that a person's attributes are permanent?
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Roger is happy all the time.
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Fundamental attribution error occurs when we place
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more importance on internal traits of other people.
