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A state or feeling that has psychological, behavioral, and cognitive components is called

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emotions

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integral components of human emotions (4)

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physiological arousal cognitive processes behavioral responses affect or subjective feelings

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The theory of emotion which states that our emotions follow, rather than cause, our behavior belongs to

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the james-lange theory

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which of the following best illustrates the essence of the james lange theory of emotion

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Theory that explains emotional state resulting from an organisms awareness of bodily responses to situation

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the idea that emotional experience and bodily changes occur simultaneously resulting from neural discharge from the thalamus is known as the

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cannon-bard theory

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Cannon and bard believed that emotional arousal and behavior action occured

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simultaneously

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the major difference between the cannon/bard theory and the james-lange theory of emotion is that

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James-Lange suggest that emotion was caused by physical changes and Cannon/Bard suggest emotions and physical change at the same time

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the idea that we "label" an emotion because of our cognitive appraisal of the situation comes from

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Schatcher-singer theory

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according to the Schatcher-singer theoy emotions are the result of

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behavioral/ physiological reactions

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that feedback from our own facial expressions determines our emotional experiences was theorized by

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Charles Darwin

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Most contemporary researchers believe that an adequate definition of stress must take into account the interplay between

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external stressors & physical/ psychological responses

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Early research on stress focused on the ______ associated with stress

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physiological

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the textbook author defines stress as the process of

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appraising events of assessing ones potential to control or cope with the events and continuing reapprasal as new information becomes available

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Hans Seyles term for the bodys three stage response to stress in

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General Adaptation Syndrome (gas)

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the first stage of the general adaptation syndrome is the

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Alarm

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The exauhstion stage of the GAS is characterized by

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body tissue wear and tear. resistance down.

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Anxiety may be thought of as a general emotional response to

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stress

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A behavioral reaction responses to stress is

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fight or flight

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The factor(s) that contribute to stress is/are

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lack of control suddenness Ambiguity

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Increase the likelihood that events will be stressful

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lack of control suddenness Ambiguity

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When compared to type A people, type B people tend to be more

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relaxed, easy going, happy

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Type A men compared to type B men have been shown to be

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prone to heart diseases unrealiable

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stressful situations tend to result in

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individuals more prone to disease and infection

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stress affects the immune system by

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reducing the ability to fight disease and infection

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the distinctive patterns of behavior, emotions, ad thoughts that characterize an individuals adaptations to his or her life is known as

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personality

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key aspects of of definitions of personality include

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emphasis on indivudual

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the two main approaches to personality theories are

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psychoanalytical theory & behavioral/social learning theory

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an aspect of personality that is inferred from behavior and assumed to give rise to behavioral consistency is called a

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trait?

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Allport believed that the generalized and enduring traits that form the building blocks of our personalities are the _______ traits

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central

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Trait theories of personality provide psychologists with

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specific methods for measuring or assessing basic characteristics that can be used in comparing individuals

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the personality theory that emphasizes the importance of unconscious motivation and conflict to personality development is

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psychoanalytic theory

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Freud used the term ____ to describe his interpretation of a patient's revelations of unconscious thoughts during therapy

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psychoanalysis

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Psychoanalytic theory of personality depicts peole as being shaped by

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conflicts between primary drives and the social pressure of civilized society

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according to freud, the only psychic structure present at birth is

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ID

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freud believed that the governing principle of the id was the _____ principle

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pleasure

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the freudian psychic structure which seeks immediate gratification of instincts is the

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Id unconcious ???

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in the popular analogy of the human moral dilemma in which the angel stands on one shoulder and the devil on the other, Freud would say the angel represents _____ and the devil the _______

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ego - ideal conscience id

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according to freud the dynamics of personality arise from

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impulse driven id, guilt inducing superego, ; ego

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freud believed that the ego used ______ to protect the personality from anxiety-producing thughts and images

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defense mech

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the correct order of freuds stages of psychosexual development are

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oral anal phalic

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the oral stage of freuds theory covers

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12-18 months / sucking, bitting, chewing

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fixation is

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arrested development that results from too little or too much gratification/ pleasure

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Behaviorists and social -learning theorists favor the psychological assessment technique of

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behavioral observation

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44.....behaviorism claims that the development of each personality is based on a persons

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conditioning

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an important advantage of the interview method of studying personality is its

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flexibility

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tests that have ambiguous stimuli that allow respondents to place thier own thoughts or feelings into their responses are called

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projective test

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a commonly used projective test in which the subject is asked to eliminate inkblots and state what they look like or what they bring to the mind is

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rorshach inkblot

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if a psychologist asks you to tell a story concerning a scene on a card he or she shows you, the psychologist is givign you the

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Thematic Apperception test (TAT)

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psychological state such as anxiety, depression, and agitation are labeled as _______ criteria for defining abnormal behavaior

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emotional ?

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the most widely used scheme today for classifying and diagnosing psychological disorder throughout the world is

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neurosis DSM 111-R

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A generalized feeling of dread and apprehension, typically accompanied by physiological reaction, is

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Anxiety

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an anxiety disorder in which an individual experiences numerous (four or more in four week period) emotional attacks, which are characterized by overwhelming terror and often a feeling of unreality or depersonalization, is a/an

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Panic disorder

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____ is anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or in which help might not be available in the even of a panic attack

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Agoraphobia

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many veterans have flashbacks of traumatic war experiences and experience severe stress as a result of memories

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd)

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____ explains generalized anxiety as persistnet difficulty in maintaining repression of unacceptable impulses.

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Generalized anxiety disorder

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Behaviorists explain obsessive-compulsive disorder as a result of

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negative reinforcement

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from the biological perspective, people develop anxiety disorders as a result of

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genetic basis originally predissed

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Albert Bandura would say that a child who fears dogs because his mother is anxious around dogs is exhibiting the concept of

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?????

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A person who complains of stomach pain, headache, ; dizziness, although doctors cannot find anything physically wrong, may be suffering from

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Somatic symptom disorder

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the somatoform disorder includes

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illness anxiety, conversion disorders

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the disorder in which the thoughts and feelings that generate anxiety are seperate from consciousness by memory loss or a change in identity is called

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dissociative disorder

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A dissociative in which a person experiences several "personalities" each with distinct traits and memories, is reffered to as

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dissociative identity disorder

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the disorder in which the thoughts and feelings that generate anxiety are seperate from consciousness by memory loss or change in identity is called

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dissociative disorder

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psychogenic fugue

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person forgets who they are

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depression is the primary symptom of which class of disorders?

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depressive disorder

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A mood disorder characterized by intermittent periods of both depression and mania (highly energized behavior) is called a

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bipolar disorder

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the notion that different times of the year might have effect on mood is now recognized as an affliction called

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seasonal affective disorder

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the data from twin, family, and adoption studies presents strong evidence that ____ influences mood disorders

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genetic ; brain biochem

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Any nonbiological, noninvasive psychological technique r procedure designed to improve a person's adjustment to life is called

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psychotherapy

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the fundamental assumption of psychoanalysis is that disordered behavior results from

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unconscious conflicts & repressed urges

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according to freud, the primary theme in many patients conflicts is

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the struggle between the ids sexual & aggressive impulses & the superegos moralistic command

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Freud considered ____ to be the "royal road to the unconscious"

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dreams

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According to psychoanalysis ___ is an explanantion to client of the underlying meaning of their experience.

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interpretation

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The premise that most psychological disorders result from distortions in a person's awareness and thoughts describe the basis of

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cognitive therapist

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the goal of cognitive therapy is to change individuals ____ and the is method used to change ______.

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maladaptive behavior what they think

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Rational-emotive therapy is based on the belief that psychological problems result from

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when people interpret their experiences based on self-defeating, irrational beliefs

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Which therapy is more likely to use rapid-fire directive approach and to employ a variety of technique?

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rational-emotive therapy (ret)

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in ____ therapy the client and therapist may make a list of the clients misguided self-impressions and agree on experiences that will test them

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cognitive restructuring therapy

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_____ rely heavily on knowledge of classical conditioning and operant conditioning

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behaviorist

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The central thesis of behavior therapy is that maladaptive behavior

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has been learned and can therefor be unlearned

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Systematic desensitization training has been shown to be more effective in treating ____ than ______

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phobias generalized

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Virtual reality is sometimes employed with which of therapy?

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VRIT ? systematic desensitization therapy

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Which behavioral technique involves eliminating undesired behaviors by eliminating the reinforcers that maintain them?

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operant conditioning

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the student who continues to misbehave even after repeated punishment is probably misbehaving because

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attention is reinforcing

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in a token economy the patient is

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retardation, autism, disorders

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reasons why behavior therapies appear to be the most successful form of therapy include

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successful bc 1. focus on specific disordered behaviors 2. based upon well-defined ; understood principles of human ; animal learning ; behavior

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Family therapy is based on the idea that an individuals problems stem from

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maladaptive patterns of interaction

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research has clearly demonstrated that in most cases, improvement rather for people undergoing psychotherapy

answer

...

question

According to research comparing the effectiveness of psychotherapies, whether therapy took place in individual or goroup setting had _______ impact on effectiveness

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great

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the most effective psychotherapists are people who

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are empathetic, trusting, caring

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Certain common features shared by almost all styles of therapy inclide

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hopet new perspective

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providing clients with a rationale for their symptoms and their treatment is

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encouraging

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Biomedical therapy is based on assumption that

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1.behavioral disorders results from biological abnormalities including altered brain structure/chemistry 2. physiological intervention through surgery, electric shock, drugs will alleviate or treat significantly the symptoms of behavioral disorders

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The first experiment with psychosurgery as a treatment of behavior disorders in humans was conducted by Almedia Lima. He performed the surgery on ____ lobes of ___ patients

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frontal schizophrenics

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A surgical procedure called lobotomy is performed by

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???

question

Surgical lobotomies were performed in order to

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lower brain areas that mediate emotion responses

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Pharmacoconvulsive therapy is

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drug induced volts seizures to battle behavioral disorders

question

Changes in the administration of ECT since it was first developed include

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patients put to sleep given muscle relaxnt, applied to 1 cerebal hamisphere

question

The theoretical perspective that argues that we must focus on the uniqueness of each individual if we are to understand human personality is

answer

????

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