Question 1

Accepting others\' opinions about reality is to ________ as the desire to gain approval is to ________.

Accepted Answer

informational social influence;normative social influence

Question 2

The careers of health care specialists such as pediatricians, neurologists, and dentists most clearly illustrate that culture enables

Accepted Answer

divsion of labor

Question 3

Which branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another?

Accepted Answer

social psychology

Question 4

The enhancement of a group\'s prevailing inclinations through group discussion is called

Accepted Answer

group polarization

Question 5

Which of the following comments is most likely to be made in a group characterized by groupthink?

Accepted Answer

\"we all seem to be in basic agreement, so there\'s no sense in continuing our discussion of the issue\"

Question 6

In explaining the actions of people we do not know well, we often demonstrate

Accepted Answer

the fundamental attribution error

Question 7

Vanna is tempted to shoplift a gold necklace even though she has negative feelings about shoplifting. Vanna is LEAST likely to steal the merchandise if

Accepted Answer

she easily recalls her negative feelings about shoplifting

Question 8

Participants in the Milgram obedience studies were ordered to

Accepted Answer

deliver electric shocks to a learner for giving incorrect answers

Question 9

Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. This experiment best illustrated the impact of

Accepted Answer

role playing on attitudes

Question 10

Opinion change resulting from a thoughtful focus on the content of arguments illustrates

Accepted Answer

central route persuasion

Question 11

The preservation of historically creative and useful ideas and practices is a benefit most clearly associated with

Accepted Answer

culture

Question 12

Social loafing has been found to be especially noticeable among

Accepted Answer

men in cultures that value individualism

Question 13

After she was promoted to a high-level executive position in the large company for which she worked, Jorana developed more pro-business political attitudes. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on attitudes.

Accepted Answer

role playing

Question 14

Kentaro hates to wear ties but wears one to his sister\'s wedding to avoid his family\'s disapproval. Kentaro\'s behavior exemplifies the importance of

Accepted Answer

normative social influence

Question 15

Attitudes are ________ that guide behavior.

Accepted Answer

belief-based feelings

Question 16

Social loafing is MOST likely to occur among

Accepted Answer

audience members who are asked to applaud after a speaker is introduced

Question 17

A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage

Accepted Answer

nonconformity

Question 18

The fundamental attribution error is likely to lead observers to attribute a stranger\'s

Accepted Answer

act of kindness to a compassionate personality

Question 19

Which theory best explains why our actions can lead us to modify our attitudes?

Accepted Answer

cognitive dissonance theory

Question 20

When in a different culture, people know whether to greet others by shaking hands or kissing each cheek if they are aware of prevailing

Accepted Answer

norms

Question 21

Whether a person exercises regularly is best predicted by his or her attitude about

Accepted Answer

exercise

Question 22

Which of the following processes most obviously operates in groupthink?

Accepted Answer

group pollrization

Question 23

Since 1960, Americans have experienced a(n)

Accepted Answer

increase in the incidence of depression and a increase in work hours

Question 24

Hearing someone reading a neutral text in a happy-sounding voice is most likely to trigger

Accepted Answer

mood contagion

Question 25

Professor Wang is a member of the faculty committee on academic standards. Other committee members want to begin accepting students with below-average grades. Professor Wang personally disagrees, but he will probably vote in favor of their plan if

Accepted Answer

the other committee members are all in favor of the plan

Question 26

In Milgram\'s obedience experiments, \"teachers\" exhibited a somewhat lower level of compliance with an experimenter\'s orders when

Accepted Answer

the experiment was not associated with a prestigious institution like Yale University

Question 27

Freire did very poorly on his last arithmetic test. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error might lead his sixth-grade teacher to conclude that Freire did poorly because

Accepted Answer

he is unmotivated to do well in school

Question 28

We have a tendency to explain the behavior of strangers we have observed in only one type of situation in terms of ________ and to explain our own behavior in terms of ________.

Accepted Answer

personality traits;situational constraints

Question 29

When New York University women were dressed in Ku Klux Klan-style hoods, they demonstrated significantly more aggression. This finding is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

deindividuation

Question 30

Poverty and unemployment are likely to be explained in terms of personal dispositions by ________ and in terms of situational influences by ________.

Accepted Answer

political conservatives;political liberals

Question 31

We tend to feel cheerful around happy people and sad around depressed people. This illustrates

Accepted Answer

mood linkage

Question 32

Attribution theory suggests that we tend to attribute others\' behavior either to their

Accepted Answer

dispositions or their situations

Question 33

We are most likely to experience cognitive dissonance if we feel

Accepted Answer

a great sense of responsibility for engaging in behaviors of which we personally disapprove

Question 34

Those who feel socially pressured sometimes assert their freedom by doing the opposite of what is socially expected. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

personal control

Question 35

Alex thinks smoking is addictive but other players on his hockey team insist that it\'s not. Alex is likely to conform to their opinion if

Accepted Answer

he feels insecure in his role as a new member of the team

Question 36

In 1942, German reserve police officers obeyed orders to kill some 1500 Jews in the village of Jozefow, Poland. This incident illustrated that people are most likely to be destructively obedient when

Accepted Answer

they perceive their orders to come from legitimate authority figures

Question 37

The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by

Accepted Answer

the foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Question 38

Observing yourself on a video replay is most likely to increase your tendency to attribute your behavior to

Accepted Answer

personality traits

Question 39

Fernando\'s favorable attitude toward capital punishment began to change when he was asked to offer arguments opposing it in a university debate class. His attitude change is best explained by

Accepted Answer

cognitive dissonance theory

Question 40

Individuals who believe that the death penalty should be abolished meet to discuss the issue. Research on group interaction suggests that after discussion the individuals will be

Accepted Answer

even more convinced that the death penalty should be abolished

Question 41

On which of the following tasks would the presence of others be MOST likely to lead to improved performance?

Accepted Answer

county backward from 10 to 1

Question 42

By enabling like-minded White supremacists to pool their ideas, Internet social networking sites are likely to contribute to

Accepted Answer

group polarization

Question 43

The fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the extent to which others\' behavior is influenced by

Accepted Answer

assigned roles

Question 44

Adjusting one\'s behavior or thinking toward a group standard is called

Accepted Answer

conformity

Question 45

Attribution theory was designed to account for

Accepted Answer

how people explain others\' behavior

Question 46

A terrorist mentality that becomes increasingly extreme among people who interact without outside moderating influences best illustrates

Accepted Answer

group polarization

Question 47

Compared with people from East Asian cultures, those from individualist Western countries are more likely to demonstrate

Accepted Answer

the fundamental attribution error

Question 48

Expert pool players were observed to make 71 percent of their shots when alone. When four people watched them, they made 80 percent of their shots. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

social facilitation

Question 49

Since 1960, most Western cultures have changed with remarkable speed. The LEAST likely explanation for these variations involves changes in

Accepted Answer

the human gene pool

Question 50

Anton is the only juror to favor acquittal of the defendant in a murder trial. To influence the majority he should

Accepted Answer

be self-confident and consistent in expressing his viewpoint

Question 51

Norms are best described as

Accepted Answer

rules for socially accepted behavior

Question 52

Unconsciously mimicking those around us is known as

Accepted Answer

the chameleon effect

Question 53

Blindfolded university students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

social loafing

Question 54

The impact of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon is most clearly illustrated by

Accepted Answer

the destructive obedience of participants in the Milgram experiments

Question 55

The foot-in-the-door phenomenon refers to the tendency to

Accepted Answer

comply with a large request f one has previously complied with a small request

Question 56

The ill-fated decision of President John F. Kennedy and his advisors to invade Cuba best illustrates the dangers of

Accepted Answer

groupthink

Question 57

A person\'s behavior is most likely to be consistent with his or her attitudes when

Accepted Answer

external influences on behavior are minimal

Question 58

Normative social influence results from peoples\' desire to

Accepted Answer

gain social approval

Question 59

To study social facilitation, Norman Triplett observed adolescents while they were

Accepted Answer

winding fishing reels

Question 60

Research participants believed that the Asch conformity test involved a study of

Accepted Answer

visual perception

Question 61

A business leader who welcomes a variety of opinions from subordinates and invites experts to critique her company\'s developing plans is most likely to inhibit

Accepted Answer

groupthink

Question 62

According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that

Accepted Answer

even ordinary people, who are not usually hostile, can become agents of destruction.

Question 63

After an exciting football game in which the home team loses by one point, angry fans throw bottles and begin to tear up the field. This behavior is best understood in terms of

Accepted Answer

deindividuation

Question 64

Comedy

Accepted Answer

soci

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