Question 1

The subfield in which psychological disorders are studied is generally known as _____ psychology.  a) abnormal b) cognitive c) developmental d) medical

Accepted Answer

a) abnormal

Question 2

Which is NOT one of the \"three Ds\" of psychological disorders mentioned in the textbook?  a) disability b) distress c) deviance d) dysfunction

Accepted Answer

a) disability

Question 3

Pam is experiencing a major depressive episode. She is upset that she doesn\'t feel \"like herself,\" and it bothers her that she has too little energy to participate fully in her family and work life. Pam\'s discomfort is an example of the _____ associated with psychological abnormality.  a) dysfunction b) distress c) deviance d) disability

Accepted Answer

b) distress

Question 4

Individuals with antisocial personality disorder tend to break the law and violate others\' rights. Because these behaviors fall outside society\'s standards and rules, they reflect the _____ often associated with psychological abnormality.  a) distress b) deviance c) dysfunction d) disability

Accepted Answer

b) deviance

Question 5

The primary purpose of the DSM-5 is to provide:  a) descriptions of disorders. b) explanations of the causes of disorders. c) recommendations for treatment of disorders. d) the frequency with which disorders occur.

Accepted Answer

a) descriptions of disorders.

Question 6

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is sometimes diagnosed alongside substance use disorder in the same individual. This is an example of:  a) comorbidity. b) prevalence. c) prognosis. d) etiology.

Accepted Answer

a) comorbidity.

Question 7

Specific neurotransmitters are being implicated in an increasing number of psychological disorders. This fact most directly affirms the _____ perspective on abnormality.  a) biopsychosocial b) sociocultural c) psychological d) medical

Accepted Answer

d) medical

Question 8

Data presented in the textbook indicates that _____ is the most common anxiety disorder among adults.  a) generalized anxiety disorder b) specific phobia c) separation anxiety d) panic disorder

Accepted Answer

b) specific phobia

Question 9

When people suffer from _____, they often feel intense fear that something horrible is about to happen. These feelings last several minutes and include heart palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness.  a) panic disorder b) specific phobia c) generalized anxiety disorder d) dissociative disorder

Accepted Answer

a) panic disorder

Question 10

Rhonda is constantly worried about many aspects of her life. She is having trouble sleeping and is experiencing muscle tension. Rhonda is showing signs of:  a) panic disorder. b) generalized anxiety disorder. c) specific phobia. d) agoraphobia.

Accepted Answer

b) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 11

People who suffer from _____ disorder are so preoccupied by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions that they are unable to function in their daily lives.  a) obsessive-compulsive b) dissociative identity c) generalized anxiety d) bipolar

Accepted Answer

a) obsessive-compulsive

Question 12

Carrie has had trouble sleeping for the past two weeks. She has no energy and feels \"blue.\" Carrie may be suffering from:  a) schizophrenia. b) obsessive-compulsive disorder. c) generalized anxiety disorder. d) major depressive disorder.

Accepted Answer

d) major depressive disorder.

Question 13

Heather has been feeling depressed and listless lately. She has had no motivation and has lost interest in activities she once enjoyed. For Heather to be diagnosed with major depression, these symptoms must last for at least:  a) 1 week. b) 1 month. c) 2 months. d) 2 weeks.

Accepted Answer

d) 2 weeks.

Question 14

Nick has felt depressed most of the time for the past two years. On this basis, he may be diagnosed with _____ disorder.  a) disruptive mood dysregulation b) major depressive c) manic depressive d) persistent depressive

Accepted Answer

d) persistent depressive

Question 15

The neurotransmitters involved in depression include each of these EXCEPT:  a) dopamine. b) acetylcholine. c) serotonin. d) norepinephrine.

Accepted Answer

b) acetylcholine.

Question 16

The police brought Gabriella to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling that she \"has the power!\" Gabriella was also spending large amounts of money and was agitated and reckless during the past 5 days. In the emergency room, Gabriella would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Gabriella is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder.  a) bipolar b) dissociative c) major depressive d) antisocial personality

Accepted Answer

a) bipolar

Question 17

People with schizophrenia demonstrate a severe and chronic loss of contact with reality called:  a) neurosis. b) mania. c) dysthymia. d) psychosis.

Accepted Answer

not a or b

Question 18

Hallucination is to delusion as _____ is to _____.  a) perception; cognition b) action; cognition c) cognition; perception d) perception; action

Accepted Answer

a) perception; cognition

Question 19

People with schizophrenia often have disturbed perceptions called _____, which are sensory experiences without sensory stimulation from the environment.  a) obsessions b) delusions c) compulsions d) hallucinations

Accepted Answer

d) hallucinations

Question 20

Frank was seen laughing inappropriately in the library as if he were responding to internal stimuli. On the bus home, he was crying uncontrollably and suddenly became angered when a fellow passenger offered him a tissue. Frank\'s excess of inappropriate behaviors exemplify the _____ typical of schizophrenia.  a) delusional thinking b) negative symptoms c) positive symptoms d) psychosis

Accepted Answer

c) positive symptoms

Question 21

Which choice BEST expresses historical trends in psychologists\' views of schizophrenia\'s etiology?  a) Psychologists have always attributed schizophrenia mainly to environmental factors. b) Psychologists have always attributed schizophrenia mainly to genetic factors. c) Psychologists once attributed schizophrenia largely to environmental factors. They now believe that genetic factors play a critical role in the disorder\'s etiology. d) Psychologists once attributed schizophrenia largely to genetic factors. They now believe that environmental factors play a critical role in the disorder\'s etiology.

Accepted Answer

c) Psychologists once attributed schizophrenia largely to environmental factors. They now believe that genetic factors play a critical role in the disorder\'s etiology.

Question 22

Schizophrenia is associated with a(n):  a) decrease in the size of the brainstem. b) thickening of the cerebral cortex. c) decrease in total brain volume. d) increase in the size of the corpus callosum.

Accepted Answer

c) decrease in total brain volume.

Question 23

Gloria is a real \"diva\": She expects special treatment from others but completely disregards others\' feelings. Gloria may have _____ personality disorder.  a) borderline b) narcissistic c) antisocial d) paranoid

Accepted Answer

b) narcissistic

Question 24

Lanie is very dramatic and impulsive. She displays shallow, attention-getting emotions and will do whatever she can to get people to praise her. Lanie exhibits characteristics typical of ______ personality disorder.  a) paranoid b) dependent c) histrionic d) antisocial

Accepted Answer

c) histrionic

Question 25

A person with _____ disorder is aggressive, ruthless, and shows no sign of the conscience that would inhibit wrongdoing.  a) generalized anxiety b) obsessive-compulsive c) dissociative identity d) antisocial personality

Accepted Answer

d) antisocial personality

Question 26

Chase stole money from the local grocery store on the corner to buy beer. He later assaulted a 72-year-old woman and stole her purse. In the alley, he dumped the purse, went to Starbucks for a cup of coffee, and proceeded to take the train. On the train, a woman accidentally stepped on his shoes, and he threw the hot coffee on her and laughed. Chase would be considered to have a(n) _______ personality disorder.  a) schizotypal b) sociopathic c) borderline d) antisocial

Accepted Answer

d) antisocial

Question 27

A disturbance in unified psychological functioning is called a:  a) dissociation. b) psychosis. c) neurosis. d) dysthymia.

Accepted Answer

a) dissociation.

Question 28

Omar was found wandering outside a Boise, Idaho discount store. His last memories are of his previous life in Greensboro, North Carolina; he had no memory of his journey to Idaho. Omar\'s condition is known as dissociative:  a) identity disorder. b) flight. c) trauma. d) fugue.

Accepted Answer

d) fugue.

Question 29

The term \"multiple personality disorder\" is sometimes used to describe:  a) dissociative fugue. b) dissociative identity disorder. c) schizophrenia. d) dissociative amnesia.

Accepted Answer

b) dissociative identity disorder.

Question 30

Which term is correctly matched with its description?  a) dissociative identity disorder - An individual is found wandering and confused in a distant city. b) dissociation - An individual experiences a disturbance in the integration of the psychological functions involved in memory, consciousness, perception, or identity. c) dissociative fugue - An individual experiences a significant, selective memory loss. d) dissociative amnesia - An individual displays characteristics of two or more distinct personalities.

Accepted Answer

b) dissociation - An individual experiences a disturbance in the integration of the psychological functions involved in memory, consciousness, perception, or identity.

Question 31

The view that psychological normality and abnormality reflect a continuum rather than discrete categories took hold in the:  a) late 20th century. b) first half of the 20th century. c) late 19th century. d) 1950s.

Accepted Answer

b) first half of the 20th century.

Question 32

_____ therapies aim to increase awareness of one\'s self and environment.  a) Biomedical b) Eclectic c) Behavioral d) Insight

Accepted Answer

d) Insight

Question 33

Which approach to psychological therapy is correctly defined?  a) cognitive therapy - seeks to increase awareness of unconscious conflicts b) behavior therapy - seeks to change maladaptive thought patterns c) humanistic therapy - emphasizes positive growth d) psychoanalysis - uses learning principles to replace maladaptive patterns

Accepted Answer

c) humanistic therapy - emphasizes positive growth

Question 34

Behavior therapy is a type of _____ therapy that _____.  a) psychological; uses learning principles b) insight; uses learning principles c) psychological; changes maladaptive thoughts d) insight; changes maladaptive thoughts

Accepted Answer

a) psychological; uses learning principles

Question 35

After telling his psychoanalyst about his relationship with his ex-wife for a few minutes, Jerome suddenly changes the subject. Jerome is exhibiting:  a) transference. b) the Oedipus conflict. c) interpretation. d) resistance.

Accepted Answer

d) resistance.

Question 36

What is transference?  a) the transfer of a learned response from one task to another similar task b) a behavioral technique invented to facilitate the transfer of learned behaviors from the session to the outside world c) the transfer of strong feelings about parents or authority figures to a therapist d) the transfer of irrational cognitions to the self

Accepted Answer

c) the transfer of strong feelings about parents or authority figures to a therapist

Question 37

Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy?  a) Psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy are the same. b) Psychoanalysis has largely supplanted traditional psychodynamic therapy. c) Psychoanalysis was developed by Freud, whereas psychodynamic therapy was developed by Jung. d) Psychodynamic therapy is a contemporary version of psychoanalysis.

Accepted Answer

d) Psychodynamic therapy is a contemporary version of psychoanalysis.

Question 38

Compared to psychoanalysis, humanistic therapy is _____ likely to focus on the present rather than the past, and _____ likely to focus on the conscious rather than the unconscious mind.  a) more; less b) less; less c) more; more d) less; more

Accepted Answer

c) more; more

Question 39

In person-centered therapy, the therapist:  a) clarifies and reflects back the client\'s statements. b) teaches the client relaxation responses. c) silently writes notes on a small pad. d) challenges the client\'s irrational statements.

Accepted Answer

a) clarifies and reflects back the client\'s statements.

Question 40

Malika sees her therapist every other week. When she is at her therapist\'s office, she feels accepted and can share anything. While her therapist listens to what Malika has to say without judgment, he also seeks understanding by paraphrasing as well as asking for clarification. Malika\'s therapist is practicing:  a) exposure therapy. b) person-centered therapy. c) psychoanalysis. d) rational-emotive behavior therapy.

Accepted Answer

b) person-centered therapy.

Question 41

The aim of _____ therapy is to replace maladaptive behaviors by applying learning principles.  a) psychodynamic b) cognitive c) behavior d) biomedical

Accepted Answer

c) behavior

Question 42

_____ is used to treat phobias by presenting clients with the feared objects or situations in a no-risk context.  a) Exposure b) Systematic desensitization c) Behavior modification d) Aversion therapy

Accepted Answer

a) Exposure

Question 43

To help Tom reduce his fear of flying, a therapist encourages him to physically relax and then simply imagine that he is taking off in an airplane. The therapist\'s technique BEST illustrates:  a) systematic desensitization. b) exposure. c) rational-emotive therapy. d) aversion therapy.

Accepted Answer

a) systematic desensitization.

Question 44

How does exposure differ from systematic desensitization?  a) Exposure proceeds through a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking stimuli; systematic desensitization does not. b) Exposure does not use aversive stimuli; systematic desensitization does. c) Exposure uses aversive stimuli; systematic desensitization does not. d) Exposure does not proceed through a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking stimuli; systematic desensitization does.

Accepted Answer

not a and c

Question 45

_____ therapy associates an unpleasant state, such as nausea, with an unwanted behavior, such as drinking alcohol.  a) Rational-emotive behavior b) Aversion c) Exposure d) Cognitive

Accepted Answer

b) Aversion

Question 46

To help Monica overcome her nearly irresistible craving for chocolate, a therapist provides her with a supply of chocolate candies that contain solidified droplets of a harmless but very bitter-tasting substance. This approach to treatment BEST illustrates:  a) aversion therapy. b) behavior modification. c) systematic desensitization. d) exposure.

Accepted Answer

a) aversion therapy.

Question 47

Reinforcing desirable behaviors and punishing undesirable ones is known as:  a) exposure. b) systematic desensitization. c) aversion therapy. d) behavior modification.

Accepted Answer

d) behavior modification.

Question 48

Cognitive therapists believe that psychological disorders reflect:  a) distortions in thinking. b) unconscious conflicts. c) feelings of isolation and stagnation. d) maladaptive behaviors.

Accepted Answer

not c or d

Question 49

The erroneous belief that self-contained events will have major repercussions in one\'s life is called:  a) personalizing. b) magnification. c) overgeneralization. d) selective abstraction.

Accepted Answer

not d or b

Question 50

Beck argued that cognitive schema underlie distorted thought patterns. Beck\'s assertion reflects the intellectual legacy of the pioneering developmental psychologist:  a) Laurence Kohlberg. b) Erik Erikson. c) Diana Baumrind. d) Jean Piaget.

Accepted Answer

not c or a

Question 51

The goal of rational-emotive behavior therapy is to encourage:  a) self-acceptance. b) healthy relationships. c) positive thinking. d) adaptive behavior.

Accepted Answer

not d or c

Question 52

Group therapy is the preferred treatment approach for:  a) schizophrenia. b) specific phobias. c) personality disorders. d) interpersonal problems.

Accepted Answer

d) interpersonal problems.

Question 53

Medication for psychological disorders is generally prescribed by _____, who have _____ degrees.  a) psychiatrists; PhD b) psychologists; MD c) psychiatrists; MD d) psychologists; PhD

Accepted Answer

c) psychiatrists; MD

Question 54

Which statement BEST expresses trends in the use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) to treat depression?  a) MAOIs have largely fallen out of favor. b) The use of MAOIs has decreased somewhat in the past few years. c) MAOIs have increased in popularity in recent decades. d) The use of MAOIs has remained constant since their introduction.

Accepted Answer

a) MAOIs have largely fallen out of favor.

Question 55

Kelley is currently being treated for severe major depression. She is MOST likely to be prescribed a(n):  a) atypical antipsychotic. b) monoamine oxidase inhibitor. c) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. d) tricyclic.

Accepted Answer

c) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.

Question 56

Mrs. Williams experiences periods of intense mania alternating with bouts of major depression. She will be BEST treated using:  a) monoamine oxidase inhibitors. b) mood stabilizers. c) atypical antipsychotics. d) tricyclics.

Accepted Answer

b) mood stabilizers.

Question 57

How do traditional antipsychotics differ from atypical antipsychotics?  a) Traditional antipsychotics affect only dopamine, while atypical antipsychotics affect dopamine and other neurotransmitters. b) Traditional antipsychotics are dopamine antagonists whereas atypical antipsychotics are not. c) Atypical antipsychotics are associated with tardive dyskinesia, whereas traditional antipsychotics are not. d) Traditional antipsychotics do not reduce hallucinations and delusions, but atypical antipsychotics do.

Accepted Answer

a) Traditional antipsychotics affect only dopamine, while atypical antipsychotics affect dopamine and other neurotransmitters.

Question 58

Implanting an electrode that supplies a weak electrical current to specific brain areas is called _____. It is useful in the treatment of _____.  a) electroconvulsive therapy; depression b) deep brain stimulation; depression c) deep brain stimulation; schizophrenia d) electroconvulsive therapy; schizophrenia

Accepted Answer

not a or c

Question 59

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation involves:  a) the targeted destruction of specific brain areas. b) delivering an electrical current to the brain through coils outside the head. c) using electrodes implanted in the brain to deliver a weak current. d) using electricity to induce seizures in the brain.

Accepted Answer

b) delivering an electrical current to the brain through coils outside the head.

Question 60

About _____ of all psychotherapy clients show clinically significantly improvement after 21 sessions.  a) 1/2 b) 1/3 c) 1/5 d) 1/4

Accepted Answer

not c or d

Question 61

_____ psychologists investigate human cognition, emotion, and behavior in relation to other people.  a) Personality b) Social c) Developmental d) Cognitive

Accepted Answer

b) Social

Question 62

A _____ might study the political attitudes of individual voters. A ____ might study the behavior of political parties.  a) sociologist; social psychologist b) social psychologist; social psychologist c) sociologist; sociologist d) social psychologist; sociologist

Accepted Answer

d) social psychologist; sociologist

Question 63

Which statement BEST expresses the relationships among social cognition, attitudes, and attribution?  a) Attribution and social cognition are aspects of attitudes. b) Attitudes are studied in sociology, whereas attribution is studied in social psychology. c) Attitudes and attribution are aspects of social cognition. d) Attitudes, attribution, and social cognition are different topics of study in social psychology.

Accepted Answer

c) Attitudes and attribution are aspects of social cognition.

Question 64

The mental process of inferring the causes of people\'s behavior, including one\'s own, is called:  a) compliance. b) persuasion. c) altruism. d) attribution.

Accepted Answer

d) attribution.

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