Psychology Chapter One Me – Flashcards
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The first woman to serve as President of the American Psychological Association
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Mary Calkins
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The notion that the subject matter of psychology should be the scientific study of conscious experience is most closely linked with
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Wilhelm Wundt
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The notion that unconscious motivations can influence our overt behavior is most consistent with the views of
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Sigmund Freud
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The school of psychology that suggests psychologists should study only what can be objectively observed
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Behaviorism
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The notion that all behavior is fully governed by external stimuli
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Behaviorism
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The school of psychology that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, and suggests that we have a drive for personal growth
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Humanism
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During World War II, many academic psychologists were pressed into service, mainly as
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Clinicians
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The tendency to view one's own group as superior to others and as the standard for judging the worth of foreign ways
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Ethnocentrism
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The work settings for approximately 28% of psychologists are
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Colleges and universities
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The most widely practiced professional specialty in psychology
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Clinical psychology
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The idea that you should reward yourself for achieving study goals is based on the concept of
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Behavior Modification
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Research findings suggest that when students engage in attentive note taking, they are more likely to
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Be able to identify and remember the most important points from a lecture
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Based on an evolutionary analysis of spatial skills, you should predict that Jill will be better than Jack at
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Remembering locations
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Psyche means
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Soul and logos
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Based on the belief that psychology should investigate the purpose of consciousness
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Functionalism
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Advocates maintain that much of human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of the bodily structures and biochemical processes that allow organisms to behave.
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Biological perspective
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Examining behavior in terms of its adaptive value for a given species over a number of generations is consistent with
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Evolutionary psychology
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A psychologist who studies attitude formation and change
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Social psychologist
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Branch of medicine that is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems
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Psychiatry
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Apparently unrelated observations can sometimes be linked together and explained through the use of a well-constructed
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Theory
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Includes socially shared values and norms that are transmitted across generations
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Culture
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According to Wilhelm Wundt, psychology's primary focus should be the scientific study of mental processes.
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True
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Functionalists relied heavily on the method of introspection to understand the nature and function of conscious processes.
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False
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A strict behaviorist would view nature as more important than nurture in determining an individual's observable responses to a given stimulus.
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False
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Until the 1950's and 1960's the dominance of behaviorism discouraged the study of mental processes in psychology.
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True
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An individual who was ethnocentric would judge the value of foreign customs based on his or her own social values.
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True
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The evolutionary perspective suggests that, on average, males should outperform females on all aspects of visual-spatial ability.
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False
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Developmental psychologists generally focus on the study of interpersonal behavior and the role that social forces take in governing behavior.
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False
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Empiricism means scientists draw conclusions based on reasoning and logical inference.
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True
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You should study in different locations in a rotation; this will help you maintain your concentration by providing variety.
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False
