Psychology Brain study guide

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
an area of the brain that coordinates info coming in + out of the spinal cord
answer
hindbrain
question
part of the hindbrain; controls basic functions such as respiration, blood pressure, digestion, heart rate, reflexes: respiratory, gagging, pupil dilation (involuntary)
answer
medulla oblongata
question
part of the hindbrain, inside the medulla; regulates sleep, wake + alertness levels
answer
reticular formation
question
part of the hindbrain; control of motor function, motor memory
answer
cerebellum
question
part of the hindbrain;relays info from the cerebellum to rest of brain, sleep process
answer
pons
question
contains the tectum and tegmentum
answer
midbrain
question
part of midbrain; orients an organism in its environment, receives stimulus input from eyes, ears, skin + moves organism tpwards the stimulus
answer
tectum
question
part of midbrain; involved in movement
answer
tegmentum
question
highest level of brain: complex, cognitive, emotional, sensory + motor processes occur here, divided into left and right hemispheres, each hemisphere controls opposite sides of the body
answer
forebrain
question
Since each hemisphere controls opposite sides of the body, the body operates with ___________ control.
answer
contralateral
question
part of forebrain; massive bridge of millions of axons that allow the hemispheres to communicate with each other
answer
corpus callosum
question
part of forebrain; outermost layer of forebrain, divided into two cerebral hemispheres
answer
cerebral cortex
question
areas of the forebrain housed under cerebral cortex
answer
subcortical structures
question
subcortical structure; receives almost all incoming sensory info, organizes it to all parts of the cortex, filters info, omits smell however
answer
thalamus
question
subcortical structure; master regulatory structure, indispensable for survival, maintains body temperature, proper blood sugar level, keeps metabolism in an optimal range, regulates motivational behaviors: thirst, hunger, aggression, lust; part of limbic system
answer
hypothalamus
question
border between older and newer, more advanced parts of the brain
answer
limbic system
question
subcortical structure; critical for creating new memory and getting these memories into permanent retention; part of limbic system
answer
hippocampus
question
subcortical structure; "alarm system of the brain" serves a vital role in learning to associate things with emotions, intensifies memory during a time of emotional arousal, plays a specific role in responding to stimuli that elict fear
answer
amygdala
question
subcortical structure; plans and produces movement, receives inputs from entire cerebral cortex and projects that input to the motor cortex
answer
basal ganglia
question
lobe of the forebrain; rear of brain; devoted to processing visual info
answer
occipital lobe
question
lobe of the forebrain; processes all touch into in the somatosensory cortex
answer
parietal lobe
question
lobe of the forebrain; contains primary auditory cortex where all sounds processed
answer
temporal lobe
question
lobe of the forebrain; planning and movement, primary motor cortex in back areas that have fine motor control (hands, mouth) have more space
answer
frontal lobe
question
part of the forebrain; 30% of the brain; responsible for directing and maintaining attention, keeping thoughts in mind when you're distracted, developing and acting on plans, indispensable for ration activity
answer
prefrontal cortex
question
groups of neurons of the prefrontal cortex that help produce sense, give meaning to registered info in the primary areas of the brain
answer
association areas
question
contains language functions for nearly all right-handers
answer
left hemisphere
question
68% of lefties have language functions in the
answer
left hemisphere
question
20% of lefties have language functions in the
answer
right hemisphere
question
within the dominant ____ ___________ there are 2 key language areas and damage to these areas is likely to cause aphasia
answer
left hemisphere
question
difficulty in producing and comprehending language
answer
aphasia
question
located in left temporal lobe; involved in language comprehension; damage leads to Wernicke's Aphasia
answer
Wernicke's Area
question
leads to difficulty in produce speech that makes sense
answer
Wernicke's Aphasia
question
left frontal lobe; involved in production of spoken or signed language
answer
Broca's Area
question
speech in short, staccato sentences, usually missing some words
answer
Broca's Aphasia
question
brain's ability to change by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience, restructuring, (more when we are young)
answer
brain plasticity
question
hemispheric specialization
answer
lateralization
question
first neurosurgeons to sever corpus callosum
answer
Philip Vogel and Joseph Brown
question
studied split-brain patients
answer
Mike Gazzaniga and Roger Sperry
question
____ ________ more active when a person deliberates over decisions
answer
left hemisphere
question
more active in perceiving objects, copying drawings, recognizing faces, perceiving emotions
answer
right hemisphere
question
When a person speaks or calculates, activity increases in ____ _______.
answer
left hemisphere
question
the interpreter, wants to make sense of the world and explain things
answer
left hemisphere
question
mainly controls language
answer
left hemisphere
question
mainly controls emotional perception
answer
right hemisphere
question
control logic and creativity/intuition
answer
both hemispheres
question
study of brain activity linked with mental processes
answer
cognitive neuroscience
question
brain does multiple things at a time
answer
parallel processing
question
brain operates on 2 levels at once
answer
dual processing
question
normal activity in areas of the brain concerned with recognizing objects, consciousness working on two levels
answer
blindsight
question
selective destruction of brain tissue
answer
lesioning
question
measuring the brain's electrical activity by using an EEG (electro-electroencephalogram)
answer
electrical stimulation
question
CAT Scan- examines brain by taking x-ray photos which can reveal brain damage
answer
neuroimagery
question
form of neuroimagery; depicts brain activity by showing each brain area's consumption of glucose
answer
PET scan
question
form of neuroimagery; gives detailed pictures of the soft tissue of the brain
answer
MRI
question
functional MRI; gives detailed picture + tells about brain functions
answer
fMRI
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New